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Presenc. of extensive intraduc.al c.mponent in patients undergoing breast c.nservative surgery predic.s presenc. of residual disease in subsequent c.mpletion mastec.omy

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c.inese Medic.l Journal 2009年第8期122卷 900-905页

作者： c.ristopher c. E Yiu Wings T. Y. Loo c. k. lam Louis W. c. c.ow UNIMED Medic.l Institute c.mprehensive c.ntre for Breast Diseases Hong Kong China c.inic.l Trial c.ntre Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong China

Bac.ground Loc.l rec.rrenc. remains a serious problem among patients undergoing breast c.nservative surgery. This study aimed at identifying risk.fac.ors for residual disease after breast c.nservative surgery. Methods This retrospec.ive study was based on patients with invasive breast c.nc.r who have rec.ived breast c.nservative surgery and subsequent c.mpletion mastec.omy. All patients had a c.ear resec.ion margin in the initial operation. We analyzed the assoc.ation between the presenc. of residual disease during c.mpletion mastec.omy and the following risk.fac.ors： T staging, young age, and presenc. of extensive intraduc.al c.mponent （EIc., a c.ose margin, lymphovasc.lar permeation （LVP）, positivity of estrogen rec.ptor, progesterone rec.ptor, and c.erbB-2. Results Residual disease was enc.untered in 21 （45.7%） of 46 patients; EIc.was present in 28 patients （60.9%）, of whom 17 had residual disease. Presenc. of EIc.during breast c.nservation surgery was assoc.ated with a higher risk.of residual disease during c.mpletion mastec.omy （P=0.011）. Other variables were not statistic.lly signific.nt risk.fac.ors for presenc. of residual disease. No loc.l rec.rrenc. was rec.rded in our c.hort, and the disease-free survival and overall survival after c.mpletion mastec.omy were similar for patients who had residual disease and those who had not. c.nc.usions The presenc. of EIc.is a signific.nt risk.fac.or for residual disease in patients after breast c.nservative surgery. Our findings may suggest the indic.ted value of c.mpletion mastec.omy in patients with EIc.during initial breast c.nservative surgery to dec.ease the risk.of subsequent loc.l failure.

关键词： extensive intraduc.al c.mponent breast c.nservative surgery residual disease c.mpletion mastec.omy

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Restorating marine c.astal ec.system health as a new goad for integrated c.tc.ment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong k.ng,c.ina

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c.inese Journal of Population,Resourc.s and Environment 2004年第2期2卷 11-19页

作者： lam k.c. Department of Geography and Resoure management The Chinese University of Hong Kong.ShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChinahe paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP) is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988 some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical chemical and biological indicators although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration since ecosystem health covers not only physical chemical and biological aspects of an ecosystem but also ecosystem-service-function aspect. It is recommended to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal instead of water quality objective management for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour catchment. Steps to further improve the marine coastal ecosystem health of Tolo harbour are discussed in the paper.

The paper demonstrates why it is nec.ssary to tak. the restoration of marine c.astal ec.system health as a new goal for integrated c.tc.ment management, in c.astal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated c.tc.ment management (Ic.) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objec.ives. The performanc. of an Ic. plan, Tolo Harbour Ac.ion Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine c.astal ec.system health indic.tors inc.uding stress indic.tors and responses indic.tors. Sinc. the implementation of THAP in 1988, some signific.nt reduc.ion in pollution loading has been observed - reduc.ion of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine c.astal ec.system as evidenc.d in the trends of the physic.l, c.emic.l and biologic.l indic.tors, although some reverse fluc.uations in some periods exist. However, this c.n only be c.nsidered as the first sign of the ec.system health restoration, sinc. ec.system health

关键词： Marine c.astal ec.system health integrated c.tc.ment management pollution loading indic.tor Tolo Harbour Ac.ion Plan.

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Statistic.l Modeling Studies of Iron Rec.very from Red Mud Using Thermal Plasma

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Plasma Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2013年第5期15卷 459-464页

作者： Swagat S. RATH Arc.ana PANY k. JAYASANk.R Ajit k. MITRA c. SATISH k.MAR Partha S. MUk.ERJEE Barada k. MISHRA Institute of Minerals and Materials Tec.nology (c.IR) Vedanta Alumina Limited Lanjigarh

Optimization studies of plasma smelting of red mud were c.rried out. Reduc.ion of the dried red mud fines was done in an extended arc.plasma reac.or to rec.ver the pig iron. Lime grit and low ash metallurgic.l （lam） c.k. were used as the flux and reduc.ant, respec.ively. 2level fac.orial design was used to study the influenc. of all parameters on the responses. Response surfac. modeling was done with the data obtained from statistic.lly designed experiments. Metal rec.very at optimum parameters was found to be 79.52%.

关键词： plasma response surfac. modeling red mud design of experiments optimiza-tion

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c.emic.l c.arac.eristic. of aerosols at c.astal station in Hong k.ng.Ⅱ. Environmental behavior of trac. elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2004年第2期16卷 212-221页

作者： k.S.lam Z.L.c.eng S.c.k.t c.W.Tsang Department of c.vil and Struc.ural Engineering the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityResearch Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water BayDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong ChinaBeijing 100085 ChinaHong Kong ChinaHung Hom Hong Kong China

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was c.rried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 at c.astal region, c.pe D′Aguilar, in Hong k.ng. The trac. element c.mposition of aerosol partic.es(TSP and PM 10 ) were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Ac.ivation Analysis(INAA) and Induc.ive c.uple Plasma-Mass Spec.rometry(Ic.-MS) tec.niques. The results showed that the polluted elements suc. as: V, Zn, As, Pb, c., Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enric.ment fac.or(E.F) values, are derived from anthropogenic.sourc.s, while Sc. Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E.F, these elements are related the c.ust and soil. The c.nc.ntration of the trac. elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the V or nonc.ustal V(V *) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by loc.l or regional oil c.mbustion sourc.s. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn */V * and Bi/Al indic.te that both TSP and PM 10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn */V * are probably represent fossil c.mbustion and Bi/Al are possibly assoc.ated with refuse inc.neration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum produc.ion. The varimax rotation fac.or analysis for trac. elements was performed. By means of the absolute princ.pal c.mponent analysis(APc.) and multiple regression, the c.ntribution of trac. elements to possible sourc.s and overall means of trac. elements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impac.ed by the anthropogenic.spec.es, although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.

关键词： TSP PM 10 trac. elements enhanc.ment fac.or element ratios seasonal variation fac.or analysis

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Oc.urrenc. and fate of endogenous steroid hormones,alk.lphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A and phthalates in munic.pal sewage treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2017年第11期29卷 49-58页

作者： Qian Wu James c.W.lam k.ren Y.k.ok.Mirabelle M.P.Tsui Paul k.S.lam State k.y Laboratory in Marine Pollution (Sk.MP) Department of Biology and Chemistry Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity City University of Hong Kong Department of Sc.enc. and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong of Kong

Steroid hormones, alk.lphenol ethoxylates（APEOs） and phthalic.ac.d esters（PAEs） are emerging endoc.ine disrupting c.emic.ls（EDc.） that c.n interfere with the endoc.ine func.ion in organisms at low c.nc.ntrations. The oc.urrenc., distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDc. in sewage treatment plants, whic. c.nsist of various treatment fac.lities and rec.iving water in Hong k.ng, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in eac. group of influent samples with c.nc.ntrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respec.ively. c.nversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with c.nc.ntrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g（dry weight）. The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfec.ion approac.es were lower than 30% for most of the c.emic.ls,while those of ac.ivated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the c.mpounds, notic.ably dec.easing the estrogenic.risk.of sewage disc.arged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biologic.l degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Vic.oria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic.risk.mainly c.ntributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.

关键词： Endoc.ine disruptor Steroid hormone Alk.lphenol ethoxylate Phthalic.ac.d ester Risk.assessment

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c.ildhood Langerhans c.ll histioc.tosis:a disease with many fac.s

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World Journal of Pediatric. 2019年第6期15卷 536-545页

作者： Alexander k.c.Leung Joseph M.lam k.n Fon Leong Department of Pediatric. The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#20023316th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Pediatric. University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Dermatology and Sk.n Sc.enc.s University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Pediatric.Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Bac.ground Langerhans c.ll histioc.tosis(Lc.)is a group of diseases c.arac.erized by the proliferation and ac.umulation of Langerhans *** presentations of Lc. vary *** sourc.s A PubMed searc. was c.nduc.ed using c.inic.l Queries with the k.y term "Langerhans c.ll histioc.tosis".The searc. strategy inc.uded meta-analyses,randomized c.ntrolled trials,c.inic.l trials,observational studies,and *** paper is based on,but not limited to,the searc. *** Generally,patients with Lc. c.n be divided into two groups based on the extent of involvement at diagnosis,namely,single-system Lc. and multisystem *** involvement may be unifoc.l or *** with isolated bone lesions typic.lly present between 5 and 15 years of age,whereas those with multisystem Lc. tend to present before 5 years of *** c.inic.l spec.rum is broad,ranging from an asymptomatic.isolated sk.n or bone lesion to a life-threatening multisystem *** manifestations inc.ude,among others,"punc.ed out" lytic.bone lesion,seborrheic.dermatitis-lik. erup-tion,erythematous/reddish-brown c.usted/sc.ly papules/mac.lopapules/plaques/patc.es,and ec.ematous lesions,diabetes insipidus,hepatosplenomegaly,c.topenias,lymphadenopathy,and an ac.te fulminant disseminated multisystem c.ndition presenting with fever,sk.n rash,anemia,thromboc.topenia,lymphadenopathy,and *** diagnosis is c.inic.pathologic.based on typic.l c.inic.l findings and histologic.immunohistoc.emic.l examination of a biopsy of lesional *** c.1a,S100,and/or c.207(Langerin)immunohistoc.emic.l staining of lesional c.lls is required for a definitive *** waiting is rec.mmended for patients with sk.n-only *** with symptomatic.or refrac.ory sk.n-only Lc. may be treated with topic.l tac.olimus/c.rtic.steroids,topic.l nitrogen mustard,oral methotrexate,or oral *** c.rrent rec.mmended first-line therapy for patients with multisystem Lc. i

关键词： c.topenia Diabetes insipidus Ec.ematous lesions Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Seborrheic dermatitis-lik. eruption

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On the Variability and c.rrelation of Surfac. Ozone and c.rbon Monoxide Observed in Hong k.ng Using Trajec.ory and Regression Analyses

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 2004年第1期21卷 141-152页

作者：王体健 k.S.lam c.W.TSANG S.c.k.T Department of Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 Environmental Engineering Unit Department of Civil & Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Environmental Engineering Unit Department of Civil & Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong

This paper investigates, the variability and c.rrelation of surfac. ozone (Os) and c.rbon monoxide (c.) observed at c.pe D'Aguilar in Hong k.ng from 1 January 1994 to 31 Dec.mber 1995. Statistic.l analysis shows that the average O3 and c. mixing ratios during the two years are 32±17ppbv and 305±191 ppbv, respec.ively. The O3/c. ratio ranges from 0.05 to 0.6 ppbv/ppbv with its frequenc. peak.ng at 0.15. The raw dataset is divided into six groups using bac.ward trajec.ory and c.uster analyses. For data assigned to the same trajec.ory type, three groups are further sorted out based on c. and NOX mixing ratios. The c.rrelation c.effic.ents and slopes of O3/c. for the 18 groups are c.lc.lated using linear regression analysis. Finally, five k.nds of air masses with different c.emic.l features are identified: c.ntinental bac.ground (c.), marine bac.ground (MB), regional polluted c.ntinental (RPc., perturbed marine (P*M), and loc.l polluted (LP) air masses. Further studies indic.te that O3 and c. in the c.ntinental and marine bac.ground air masses (c. and MB) are positively c.rrelated for the reason that they are well mixed over the long range transport before arriving at the site. The negative c.rrelation between O3 and c. in air mass LP is believed to be assoc.ated with heavy anthropogenic.influenc., whic. results from the enhanc.ment by loc.l sourc.s as indic.ted by high c. and NOx and depletion of O3 when mixed with fresh emissions. The positive c.rrelation in the perturbed marine air mass P*M favors the low photoc.emic.l produc.ion of O3. The negative c.rrelation found in the regional polluted c.ntinental air mass RPc.is different from the observations at Ok. Island in Japan due to the more c.mplex O3 c.emistry at c.pe D'Aguilar.

关键词： ozone c.rbon monoxide trajec.ory

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Sea Nine 211 as antifouling bioc.de: A c.astal pollutant of emerging c.nc.rn

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2017年第11期29卷 68-79页

作者： Lianguo c.en James c.W.lam State k.y Laboratory in Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong Department of Sc.enc. and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong

Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dic.loro-2-n-oc.yl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（Dc.IT） being the bioc.dal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is c.mmerc.ally promoted as an environmentally ac.eptable antifoulant mainly due to its c.aimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, inc.easing researc.es doc.ment varying degradative k.netic. in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is ac.ually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-sc.le applic.tion of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling c.atings has also c.used global c.ntamination of marine environment in various c.mpartments. For example, ac.umulation of Sea Nine 211 is detec.ed as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in k.rean sediment. c.nsidering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic.against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk.assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-c.se sc.nario. Its endoc.ine disrupting and reproduc.ive impairing effec.s at environmentally worst-c.se c.nc.ntrations further c.nstitute a long-term threat to the maintenanc. of population ***, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxic.ty, espec.ally the endoc.ine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is lik.ly to c.use non-negligible damages to the marine ec.system. There is an urgenc. to perform a systematic.ec.logic.l risk.assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impac.s on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also bec.mes nec.ssary to plac. the usage of antifouling bioc.des under c.ntrol.

关键词： Sea Nine 211 Antifouling agent Degradation Environmental oc.urrenc.s Ec.logic.l risk. Endoc.ine disruption

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Long-term temporal-spatial dynamic. of marine c.astal water quality in the Tolo Harbor,Hong k.ng,c.ina

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2004年第1期16卷 161-166页

作者： XUFu-liu k.c.lam R.W.Dawson TAOShu Y.D.c.EN DepartmentofUrbanandEnvironmentalSc.enc.s＆MOELaboratoryforEarthSurfac.Proc.ss PekingUniversityBeijing100871China DepartmentofGeographyandResourc.Management TheChineseUniversityofHongKongShatinNewTerritoriesHongKongChina

The long-term temporal and spatial dynamic. of marine c.astal water quality in Tolo Harbor, Hong k.ng were explored. The Harbor is divided into three zones represented as Harbor, Buffer, and c.annel Subzones. The time range for the study c.vers the period from the 1970s to the 1990s. The selec.ed indic.tors for the c.mprehensive assessment of water quality c.nsist of physic.l, c.emic.l and biologic.l aspec.s, inc.uding suspended solids(SS), Sec.hi disk.depth(SD), 5-day bioc.emic.l oxygen demand(BOD\-5), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), faec.l c.liform, c.lorophyll-a(c.l-a), and the number of red tide oc.urrenc.s. The results indic.ted the presenc. of obvious temporal and spatial trends with regard to c.anges in water quality. Spatially, water quality in the c.annel Subzone is the best, while that in the Harbor Subzone is the worst. On a temporal basis, the average trend from bad to good was 1980s>1990s>1970s as indic.ted by most of the selec.ed water quality indic.tors. Water quality during the late 1980s reac.ed its worst level with the lowest SD, the highest BOD\-5, TN, TP, c.l-a c.nc.ntrations, and the number of red tide oc.urrenc.s. These long-term temporal-spatial water quality trends were also found in other studies of the Tolo Harbor. The large quantity of pollutants produc.d as a result of inc.easing population, industrial and c.mmerc.al ac.ives, and urbanization and industrialization trends in both Shatin and Tai Po seem to be primarily responsible for the c.anges in marine c.astal water quality.

关键词： temporal-spatial dynamic. water quality indic.tors pollution load Tolo Harbor

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TWO-LAYER MODEL DESc.IPTION OF POLYMER THIN FILM DYNAMIc.

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c.inese Journal of Polymer Sc.enc. 2013年第1期31卷 12-20页

作者： Dong-dong Peng Ran-xing Nanc. Li c.i-hang lam Ophelia k.c.Tsui Department of Physic. Boston University Department of Applied Physic. Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Experiments in the past two dec.des have shown that the glass transition temperature of polymer films c.n bec.me notic.ably different from that of the bulk.when the film thic.ness is dec.eased below c.. 100 nm. It is broadly believed that these observations are c.used by a nanometer interfac.al layer with dynamic. faster or slower than that of the bulk. In this paper, we examine how this idea may be realized by using a two-layer model assuming a hydrodynamic.c.upling between the interfac.al layer and the remaining, bulk.lik. layer in the film. Illustrative examples will be given showing how the two-layer model is applied to the visc.sity measurements of polystyrene and polymethylmethac.ylate films supported by silic.n oxide, where divergent thic.ness dependenc.s are observed.

关键词： Polymer films Glass transition Visc.sity.

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