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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh R.Thapa rajan Ghimire New Mexico State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(c)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOc)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected c and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-c),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-c),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(cT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated c by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,cT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOc at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** MOAM-c and POM-c under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOc fractions under cT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than cT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOc and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil c and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon Mineral associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-c) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-c)

Direct Pointwise comparison of FE Predictions to StereoDIc Measurements:Developments and Validation Using Double Edge-Notched Tensile Specimen

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1263-1298页

作者： Troy Myers Michael A.Sutton Hubert Schreier Alistair Tofts Sreehari rajan Kattil Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA correlated Solutions Incorporated 121 Dutchman BlvdColumbiaSC29063USA

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIc)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is *** procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIc measurements using barycentric *** an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress *** Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.

关键词： StereoDIc spatial co-registration data transformation finite element simulations point-wise comparison of measurements and FEA predictions double edge notch specimen model validation

Growth and characterization of Organic NLO crystal:β-Naphthol

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第3期27卷 271-274页

作者： S.Janarthanan R.Sugaraj Samuel S.Selvakumar Y.c.rajan D.Jayaraman S.Pandi Department of Physics Presidency College Department of chemistry Presidency College Department of Physics L.N.Govt.College Department of Material Science Engineering National Chiao Tung University

Single crystals of β-Naphthol （/3N）, an organic nonlinear optical （NLO） material was successfully grown by temperature lowering method using chloroform as solvent. The initial compound was purified by repeated recrystallization process. As-grown crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction （XRD） studies to ascertain that βN crystal crystallized in the monoclinic system with a noncemtrosymmetric space group. Vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals were derived from Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrum. Optical characterization was done using UV-Visible near-infrared （NIR） spectroscopy. The thermal behaviour of the material was studied by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal plots. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） study was carried out on the surface of the grown crystals to investigate the nature of defects in the crystal surface and the NLO property of the crystal was tested by Nd：YAG laser as a source.

关键词： crystal growth Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy Nonlinear optical crystal Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Nanotechnology in Groundwater remediation

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Nanotechnology in Groundwater remediation

Embedded control of LcL Resonant converter Analysis, Design, Simulation and Experimental Results

International conference on Environmental Science and Technology（IcEST 2011）

作者： c.S.rajan Department of chemical Engineering Sathyabama University

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that has gained significant momentum in recent *** are the key players that have promised many benefits through their nano-enabled applications in multiple *** review summarizes the use of nanomaterials such as zero valent iron（nZVI） and carbon nanotubes（cNT） in environmental cleanup like ground water remediation for drinking and *** are,however,concerns regarding the potential risks associated with the use of nanomaterials to the environment and human *** understanding of the relationship between the properties of nanoparticles and their in vivo effects would provide an effective strategy to tackle the deleterious effects.

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Engineering（科研） 2009年第1期1卷 7-15页

作者： S. Selvaperumal c. christober Asir rajan 不详

The Objective of this paper is to give more insight into ccM Operation of the LcL converter to obtain op-timum design using state-space analysis and to verify the results using PSPIcE Simulation for wide variation in loading conditions. LcL Resonant Full Bridge converter (RFB) is a new, high performance Dc-Dc con-verter. High frequency dc-dc resonant converters are widely used in many space and radar power supplies owing to their small size and lightweight. The limitations of two element resonant topologies can be over-come by adding a third reactive element termed as modified series resonant converter (SRc). A three ele-ment resonant converter capable of driving voltage type load with load independent operation is presented. We have used embedded based triggering circuit and the embedded ‘c’ Program is checked in Keil Software and also triggering circuit is simulated in PSPIcE Software. To compare the simulated results with hardware results and designed resonant converter is 200W and the switching frequency is 50 KHz.

关键词： continuous current Mode High-frequency Link MOSFET Zero-current Switching Resonant converter

Multi-Area Unit commitment Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Technique with Import and Export constraints

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Engineering（科研） 2009年第3期1卷 140-150页

作者： S. R. P. cHITRA SELVI R. P. KUMUDINI DEVI c. cHRISTOBER ASIR rajan 不详

This paper presents a novel approach to solve the Multi-Area unit commitment problem using particle swarm optimization technique. The objective of the multi-area unit commitment problem is to determine the optimal or a near optimal commitment strategy for generating the units. And it is located in multiple areas that are interconnected via tie lines and joint operation of generation resources can result in significant operational cost savings. The dynamic programming method is applied to solve Multi-Area Unit commitment problem and particle swarm optimization technique is embedded for computing the generation assigned to each area and the power allocated to all committed unit. Particle Swarm Optimization technique is developed to derive its Pareto-optimal solutions. The tie-line transfer limits are considered as a set of constraints during the optimization process to ensure the system security and reliability. case study of four areas each containing 26 units connected via tie lines has been taken for analysis. Numerical results are shown comparing the cost solutions and computation time obtained by using the Particle Swarm Optimization method is efficient than the conventional Dynamic Programming and Evolutionary Programming Method.

关键词： Multi-Area Unit commitment Evolutionary Programming Dynamic Programming Method

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea calvillo Shi-Jie cao Frederic coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew c.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska rajan Parajuli christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global centre for clean Air Research(GcARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RcP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and cfb to cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Anemia in cirrhosis:An underestimated entity

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World Journal of clinical cases 2022年第3期10卷 777-789页

作者： Manish Manrai Saurabh Dawra rajan Kapoor Sharad Srivastava Anupam Singh Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical CollegePune 411040India Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology Command HospitalPune 411040India Department of Medicine Command HospitalKolkata 70027India Department of Gastroenterology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Anemia in a patient with cirrhosis is a clinically pertinent but often overlooked clinical *** guidelines highlight the algorithmic approach of managing a patient of cirrhosis presenting with acute variceal hemorrhage but day-to-day management in hospital and out-patient raises multiple dilemmas:Whether anemia is a disease complication or a part of the disease spectrum?Should iron,folic acid,and vitamin B complex supplementation and nutritional advice,suffice in those who can perform tasks of daily living but have persistently low *** does one investigate and manage anemia due to multifactorial etiologies in the same patient:Acute or chronic blood loss because of portal hypertension and bone marrow aplasia secondary to hepatitis B or c viremia?To add to the clinician’s woes the prevalence of anemia increases with increasing disease *** thus aim to critically analyze the various pathophysiological mechanisms complicating anemia in a patient with cirrhosis with an emphasis on the diagnostic flowchart in such patients and proposed management protocols thereafter.

关键词： Anemia cirrhosis Iron deficiency anemia Macrocytic anemia Normocytic anemia

Machine-learning-based intelligent framework for discovering refractory high-entropy alloys with improved high-temperature yield strength

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npj computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2247-2257页

作者： Stephen A.Giles Debasis Sengupta Scott R.Broderick Krishna rajan cFD Research corporation 6820 Moquin Dr.NWHuntsvilleAL35806US Department of Material Design and Innovation University at Buffalo120 Bonner HallBuffaloNY14260USA

Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)show significant elevated-temperature yield strengths and have potential to use as high-performance materials in gas turbine *** the vast RHEA compositional space experimentally is challenging,and a small fraction of this space has been explored to *** work demonstrates the development of a state-of-the-art machine learning framework coupled with optimization methods to intelligently explore the vast compositional space and drive the search in a direction that improves high-temperature yield *** yield strength model is shown to have a significantly improved predictive accuracy relative to the state-of-the-art approach,and also provides inherent uncertainty quantification through the use of repeated k-fold *** developing and validating a robust yield strength prediction model,the coupled framework is used to discover RHEAs with superior high temperature yield *** have shown that RHEA compositions can be customized to have maximum yield strength at a specific temperature.

关键词： strength alloys entropy