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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： cécile ingrid djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu cedric Seugnou Nana christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko Medzam Erica Megane Noubissi Makougoum Nellie Mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne Mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou Yvonne Valérie Yolande Mavoungou Ashu Michel Agbor Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon centre Hospitalier Dominicain St Martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on cLED Agar for urine and on chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high

关键词： Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections Antimicrobial Resistance cameroon

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Penicillinase-Type β-Lactamase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolated from Patients Attending Health-Facilities in Yaounde, cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 220-233页

作者： cécile ingrid djuikoue Laurene Nzangem Doumene cedric Seugnou Nana Joviale Magne Talla Herman Koyouo Tagne Blondelle Kitio Messeu Farid Wega Tobie Vianney Kamany Kamdem Willy Yamdeu Djonkouh Ghandhi Fossouo Ndieffouo carole Tayimetha Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux Department of Microbiology Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroun National Public Health Laboratory Ministry of Public Health Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium

Background and Objectives: Mitigation of antibiotic resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become a priority due to considerable health and economical disabilities it generates. In order to tackle the emergence of resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of penicillinase type β-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrheae among patients consulting for genital infectious disorders in two health-facilities in Yaounde, cameroon. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted over a 3-month period, from July 2nd to October 2nd, 2022. Vaginal and urethral secretions were collected. Biochemical identification tests were performed on colonies grown on chocolate agar + polyvitex using the Api NH gallery. The detection of penicillinases was equally performed using the API NH gallery and confirmed using the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The Minimum Inhibitory concentrations of some antibiotics were determined using the E-Test. Results: The results showed that out of the 198 patients sampled, 16 (8.08%) were positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, among which 13/16 (81.25%) were penicillinase-type β-lactamase producers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed high co-resistances to antibiotics, mainly ciprofloxacin (100%), nalidixic acid (92.31%) and azithromycin (84.62%). Moreover, high Minimum Inhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone (ranging from 6 to 24 mg/L) was observed toward Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. The risk factors of the carriage of penicillinase-type β-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae identified were: a history of Sexually Transmitted infections (p = 0.01) and unprotected sexual intercourse (p = 0.01). conclusion: The emergence of penicillinase-type β-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing and the situation is becoming worrisome. The identified risk factors can constitute a basic outlook to tackle resistant Nei

关键词： Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance β-Lactamase Penicillinase cameroon

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Phenotypic characterization and Prevalence of carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumanii Isolates in Four Health Facilities in cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 234-249页

作者： cécile ingrid djuikoue Benhamed Nadjia Paule Dana Djouela Djoulako celianthe Guegang cedric Seugnou Nana Hélène Valérie Same Njanjo Yemina Grace Kombeu christiane Kiyang Possi Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo Gandhi Ndieffouo Fosso Merimé Joel Tchinda Talokou Bianca Tchounga chimi Olivier Pomte Agbor Michael Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences of the Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon American Society for Microbiology Bangangte Cameroon Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf Oran Algeria Faculty of Medicine Sorbonne Université Paris France Estuary Academic and Strategic Institute (IUEs/INSAM) Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine II Leipzig University Medical Center University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany centre Hospitalier Dominicain St Martin de Porres Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium

Background and Objective: Nowadays, the clinical utility of carbapenems is threatened by the emergence of resistant bacteria, favored by its increasing use. According to the WHO, Acinetobacter baumannii: nosocomial infection agent, tops the list of priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, considered to be the riskiest for humans. This study sought to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strains in four health facilities in the center and Littoral regions of cameroon and the associated risk factors. Materials and Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period from January to June 2022. All suspicious A. baumanii isolates obtained from pathological samples at the bacteriology laboratory of the different health facilities were systematically collected and re-identified. Re-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility Testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK 2 System and the Kirby-Bauer method according to the guidelines of the clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (cLSI). Detection and phenotypic characterization of carbapenemases was performed according to adequate standard procedures. Results: A total of 168/226 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were confirmed after re-identification, among which 52.69% derived from male patients, 55.09% from participants aged between 10 - 39 years old, and 46.71% from pus samples. A very high resistance rates to all families of antibiotics was noted, except to colistin (10.2%). 40.12% of these isolates produced carbapenemase, represented by 62.69% of class B and 37.31% of class A. carbapenemase production was observed only at HMR1, centre region and at Laquintinie hospital, Littoral region with 53.33% and 50% respectively, even if there is no significant difference (P = 0.81). In addition, frequent hospitalisation was significantly associated to the production of carbapenemase among A. baumanii (Adjusted-OR = 16.53, P-value 0.0001). con

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance carbapenemases Health Facilities

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Early stage risk communication and community engagement(RccE)strategies and measures against the coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)pandemic crisi

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 44-50页

作者： Ernest Tambo ingrid c.djuikoue Gildas K.Tazemda Michael F.Fotsing Xiao-Nong Zhou Higher Institute of Health Sciences University of the MountainsP.O.Box 208 BagangtéCameroon Prevention and control NGOCameroon National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)pandemic has proven to be tenacious and shows that the global commu nity is still poorly prepared to handling such emerging *** global solidarity in emergency preparedness and response,and the mobilization of conscience and cooperation,can serve as an excellent source of ideas and measures in a timely *** article provides an overview of the key components of risk communication and community engagement(RccE)strategies at the early stages in vulnerable nations and populations,and highlight contextual recommendations for strengthening coordinated and sustainable RccE preventive and emergency response strategies against cOVID-19 *** solidarity calls for firming govemance,abundant community participation and enough trust to boost early pandemic preparedness and *** public RccE response interventions needs crucially improving government health systems and security proactiveness,community to individual confinement,trust and resilience *** better understand population risk and vulnerability,as well as cOVID-19 transmission dynamics,it is important to build intelligent systems for monitoring isolation/quarantine and tracking by use of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems *** and lessons learned from the international community is crucial for emerging pandemics prevention and control programs,especially in promoting evidence-based decision-making,integrating data and models to inform effective and sustainable RccE strategies,such as local and global safe and effective cOVID-19 vaccines and mass immunization programs.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19) Risk communication and communityengagement(RccE) Response Trust Governance Pandemic Vaccination

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Evaluation of inpatients clostridium difficile prevalence and risk factors in cameroon

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 172-172页

作者： ingrid cécile djuikoue Ernest Tambo Gildas Tazemda Omer Njajou Denise Makoudjou Vanessa Sokeng Morelle Wandji charlène Tomi Aubain Nanfack Audrey Dayomo Suzie Lacmago Falubert Tassadjo Raissa Talla Sipowo caroline Kakam Aicha Bibiane Djoko clement Nguedia Assob Antoine Andremont Frédéric Barbut Département de Microbiologie de la Facultédes Sciences de la Santéde l’Universitédes Montagnes BangangteCameroon Prevention and control Foundation BangangteCameroon Medical Diagnostic centerto Yaounde YaoundeCameroon Laboratoire de Bactériologie du centre Pasteur du cameroun YaoundeCameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of BueaPO Box 63BueaSW RegionCameroon Faculty of Medicine Xavier-Bichat CampusUniversity of Paris VII–Denis DiderotParisFrance Faculty of Pharmacy Paris–University of Paris DescartesParisFrance

Background clostridium difficile,rarely found in hospitals,is a bacterium responsible for post-antibiotic diarrhea and Pseudomembranous colitis(cPM).*** selective pressure represents potential public health problem due to the production of toxins A and B serious pathologies effects/consequences.A transversal and analytic study was to assess the risk factors of *** infection and to determine the prevalence of *** in patients received in randomly selected five hospitals in Yaoundé,*** A total of 300 stool samples were collected from consented patients using a transversal and analytic study conducted from 10th July to 10th November 2018 in five hospitals in *** detection or diagnostic kit was cerTest *** Glutamate Dehydrogenase+Toxin A+Toxin B based on immuno-chromatographic assay.A univariate and multivariate analysis allowed us to highlight the associated *** The results showed a prevalence of *** of 27.33%(82/300 stool patients’samples taken).Of these 27.33%,the production of Toxin A and Toxin B were 37.80 and 7.31%*** univariate analysis,hospitalization was a significant(P=0.01)risk factor favoring *** *** multivariate analysis,corticosteroids and quinolones use/administration were significantly(adjusted Odd Ratio,aOR=14.09,95%cI:1.62–122.54,P=0.02 and aOR=3.39,95%cI:1.00–11.34,P=0.05 respectively)risk factor for this *** The prevalence of *** infections(cDI)remain high in these settings and may be related not only to permanent steroids and *** education to both medical staff and patients on the prevalence and public health impact of *** can be core inimproving rationale prescription of steroids and antibiotics to patients and promote human health and exponential growth in cameroon.

关键词： clostridium difficile Prevalence Diarrhea Risk factors Quinolone cephalosporin cameroon

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Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Broiler chickens in Yaoundécapital city of cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 156-167页

作者： cecile ingrid djuikoue charlène Nkouankou Tomi cedric Seugnou Nana Müller Fotsac Moffo Frédéric Willy Yamdeu Djonkouh Andrea Tchouotou Didi cedric Ngalani Toutcho Abel Wade Venant Tchokonte-Nana Higher Institute of Health Sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Department of Pharmacy Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences University of Ngaoudéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon National Veterinary Laboratory Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Escherichia coli are ubiquitous bacteria colonising both humans and animals. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli has been selected as a suitable indicator for the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Death due to resistant bacteria is continuously rising in cameroon, but the contribution of the aviary sector is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the resistance profile of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli strains, isolated from faeces of broiler chickens in Yaoundé, capital city of cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from February to June 2020. Escherichia coli were isolated from samples of broilers in poultry farms in Yaoundé and submitted to the extended spectrum β-lactamase screening. The logistic regression was used to assess the statistical association of a significance threshold p-value of 0.05. Results: Out of 385 faecal samples collected in broiler farms, 114 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained out of which 30 (26.32%) were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli. These isolates revealed high resistance to all antibiotic families. Poor storage conditions for feeds and the proximity to latrines, the troughs on the ground, the lack of foot bath and uniforms, the inadequate treatment of faeces, the poor usage of preventive antibiotics and the lack of water treatment have been identified as risk factors to faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. conclusion: This work reveals the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in poultry farms in Yaoundé and the failure in the biosecurity system. As such, the awareness of poultry breeders on the respect of biosecurity measures may be an effective tool to tackle antimicrobial resistance, specifically in livestock industries using a One Health approach.

关键词： Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Broiler chicken Yaoundé cameroon

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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs and Pig Breeders in Three Regions of cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 129-140页

作者： cecile ingrid djuikoue Dorine Ekeu Ngatcheu Olivier Pomte Melissa Julie Gonfouli Euphrasie Tsono Kemegne charnelle Kemo Mouafo Andrea Sheisley Tchouotou I Didi Vynnie Manuella Nyatchoutou cedric Seugnou Nana Ruffin Apalata Venant Tckokonte-Nana Faculty of Health Sciences University des Montagnes Bangangte Cameroon Foundation Prevention and control Bangangte Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon National Health Laboratory Services Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa

The spread of antibiotic resistance, whether in the community or in the hospital, has recently become a major public health problem. Moreover, livestock seems to be a reservoir of resistant microorganisms such as porcine methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P-MRSA) whose carriage and transmission was mainly demonstrated in persons with occupational exposure to pigs. Much uncertainty remains about the public health implications of P-MRSA. To address concerns that exist regarding the zoonotic risk that pig carriers pose to breeders, the prevalence of P-MRSA in pigs and pig breeders was determined among 152 pig breeders in three regions of cameroon. Materials and Method: Participants in this study came from Adamawa, Far North and Littoral regions of cameroon. A total of 152 pig breeders or farm workers participated in this study. After having collected some social and cultural data with the aid of a questionnaire, nasal swabs were collected from pigs (n = 275) and their breeders using the standard collection procedures and placed in cooler containing cold accumulators. For each sample, microbiological assays were done as well as antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results: MRSA was isolated from 25 out of 275 pigs sampled (9.09%) and from 32 out of 152 (21.05%) pig breeders sampled;33 breeders (21.71%) were carriers of S. aureus including 32 MRSA and one MSSA. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 21.05% ± 6.48. A significant negative association between body protection and nasal carriage of MRSA (OR = 0.29, 95% cI [0.093;0.93];p = 0.04) was observed. In each region, similar strains of MRSA were isolated both in pigs and their breeders with the same antibiotic resistant profile. conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA though not high compared to European countries warrants further research as data on this zoonosis is scarce in our context. As such, transmission of MRSA from pigs to pig breeders or vice-versa constitutes a real danger, and this relationship may be a

关键词： Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Pig Breeders Pigs cameroon

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Risk Factors and Prevalence of Mother to New-Born Transmission of carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Two Hospitals in Yaounde, cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 116-124页

作者： cecile ingrid djuikoue Noemy Tchinda chounna Paule Dana Djouela Djoulako Farid Wega Joelle Djamfa Nzenya cedric Seugnou Nana Dorine Ngatcheu Ekeu Blondelle Kitio Messeu Laurene Nzangem Doumene Joviale Magne Talla Mireille Fock Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam Microbiology Department Faculty of Health Sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon American Society of Microbiology Bangangté Cameroon Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Bacteriology Laboratory Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: In African countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is the highest, the spread of carbapenemases Producing Enterobacteriaceae (cPE) in the community, potentially contributing to neonatal mortality, is a public health concern. The transmission routes are not well defined, particularly the possible key role played by pregnant women. The aim of this study was to understand the neonatal acquisition of cPE in Yaounde, cameroon. Methods: A transversal analytical study was conducted in an urban area. Maternal stool samples during delivery and the first stool from their new-born were collected and cultured to isolate Enterobacteria. After isolation, characterization using API20E identification system, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Antibiogram committee of the French Society of Microbiology. carbapenemases detection was done on each carbapenem-resistant strain using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and their classification using the synergy tests with different inhibitors. Results: Out of the 55 cPE isolates identified, Escherichia coli was the most encountered bacteria both in mothers (n = 18, 50.00%) and infants (n = 11, 57.89%). class B and D carbapenemases were found both in mothers and infants. The estimated prevalence of vertical transmission in our study, was 10% (n = 12). Logistic regression showed that cPE carriage in mothers and cPE acquisition in their new-borns were independently associated with the presence of greenish amniotic fluid (OR = 7.33, p 0.0001 in mothers and OR = 4.09, p = 0.0086 in new-borns). conclusion: Our results highlight the non-negligeable role played by pregnant women in the neonatal acquisition of cPE.

关键词： Drug Resistance carbapenems Pregnant Women Vertical Transmission cameroon

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Phenotypic characterization of carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Strains in a Referral Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 52-67页

作者： cecile ingrid djuikoue Paule Dana Djouela Djoulako Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo charlène Nkouankou Tomi christiane Possi Kiyang Murielle chantale Tchitchoua Vynnie Manuella Nyatchoutou Blondelle Kitio Messeu Herman Koyouo Tagne cedric Dylan Seugnou Nana Nadjia Benhamed Hortense Gonsu Kamga Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam Faculty of Health Sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine Sorbonne Université Paris France Division of Hepatology Department of Medecine II Leipzig University Medical Center Leipzig Germany University of Sciences and Technology Oran Algeria Bacteriology Unit University Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (cPE) are an important and increasing threat to global health. They are nowadays more encountered routinely in hospitals and cause high morbidity and mortality due to limited therapeutic alternatives. This study sought to determine the prevalence of cPE in Yaoundé teaching hospital, cameroon, and the associated risk factors. Materials and Method: To achieve this goal, a descriptive cross-sectional study coupled to an analytical component with consecutive collection of Enterobacteria strains was carried out during a three-month period (from 27th July to 24th October 2018) in the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, cameroon. The oxidase and biochemical identification tests using a miniaturized Api 20 E system were performed on colonies grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) medium and subcultured on nutrient agar. Drug susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Antibiogram committee of the French Society of Microbiology (cA-SFM 2018.V.2.0). The detection of carbapenemase production was performed by the cA-SFM 2018 algorithm for the screening of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae and its classification by inhibitory synergy tests. Results: Out of the 104 isolates, Escherichia coli (50%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) and citrobacter frendii (12.5%). Drugs susceptibility patterns showed a high resistance to penicillins group (97.4% to amoxicillin), cephalosporins (68.4% to cefotaxim, 58.1% to cefixim, 60.7% to ceftazidim, 57.1% of cefoxitin) and aztreonam (55.7%). However, 11.9% carbapenems related resistance was noticed: 14.4% to imipenem, 13.8% to ertapenem and 7.5% to meropenem. Numerous co-resistance to quinolones (65.8%), fluoroquinolones (49.6%), aminoglycosides (49.6%) and cotrimoxazole (71.8%) were also observed. From 104 isolates, Ampc production represented 23.08% (25/104) and 36.54% (38/104) were ESBL-isolates. The ove

关键词： Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotics carbapenemase Resistance

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