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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

1000年

作者： by mark galer and philip andrews.

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Photoshop CS3数码摄影后期创作技法

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Adobe Photoshop Elements 5.0

2008年

作者：（澳）philip andrews.mark galer

本书共分基础知识、高级技巧和影像案例3个部分。第1章~第6章，循序渐进地介绍Photoshop CS3影像处理技法，包括传统影像与数码影像相契合的知识点，对数码暗房设备与原理、数字化基础、捕获和优化、数码底片和数字输出等摄影师必须掌... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787115178794

本书共分基础知识、高级技巧和影像案例3个部分。第1章~第6章，循序渐进地介绍Photoshop CS3影像处理技法，包括传统影像与数码影像相契合的知识点，对数码暗房设备与原理、数字化基础、捕获和优化、数码底片和数字输出等摄影师必须掌握的图像数字化知识进行了系统透彻的讲解；第7章~第10章介绍对摄影作品进行后期处理时常用的Photoshop使用技巧，通过图例剖析图层和通道的基本概念，使摄影师能够形象化地理解这一数码暗房中常用概念，并根据不同目的给出图层使用的快捷方式图标、创建快速蒙版的方法、创建图层蒙版的快……

关键词：图形软件,PHOTOSHOP CS3

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Overlapping community detection combining content and link

2007年

作者： mark galer.

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第11期13卷 828-839页

作者： Zhou-zhou HE Zhong-fei(mark)ZHANG philip S.YU Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology Department of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at ChicagoIL 60607USA

In classic community detection, it is assumed that communities are exclusive, in the sense of either soft clustering or hard clustering. It has come to attention in the recent literature that many real-world problems violate this assumption, and thus overlapping community detection has become a hot research topic. The existing work on this topic uses either content or link information, but not both of them. In this paper, we deal with the issue of overlapping community detection by combining content and link information. We develop an effective solution called subgraph overlapping clustering (SOC) and evaluate this new approach in comparison with several peer methods in the literature that use either content or link information. The evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and promise of SOC in dealing with large scale real datasets.

关键词： Overlapping Content Link Community detection

Assessing phenological change in China from 1982 to 2006 using AVHRR imagery

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第3期6卷 227-236页

作者： Haiyan WEI philip HEILMAN Jiaguo QI mark A.NEARING Zhihui GU Yongguang ZHANG USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center AZ 85719USA Michigan State University MI 48824-1117USA Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China

Long-term trends in vegetation phenology indicate ecosystem change due to the combined impacts of human activities and climate. In this study we used 1982 to 2006 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （AVHRR NDVI） imagery across China and the TIMESAT program to quantify annual vegetation production and its changing trend. Results showed great spatial variability in vegetation growth and its temporal trend across the country during the 25-year study period. Significant decreases in vegetation production were detected in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, and in industrializing regions in southern China, including the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and areas along the Yangtze River. Significant increases in vegetation production were found in Xinjiang, Central China, and North-east China. Validation of the NDVI trends and vegetated area changes were conducted using Landsat imagery and the results were consistent with the analysis from AVHRR data. We also found that although the causes of the vegetation change vary locally, the spatial pattern of the vegetation change and the areas of greatest impact from national policies launched in the 1970s, such as the opening of economic zones and the ＇Three-North Shelter Forest Programme＇, are similar, which indicates an impact of national policies on ecosystem change and that such impacts can be detected using the method described in this paper.

关键词： AVHRR China remote sensing climate change policy desertification temporal trend phenology

Paediatric and adult colonic manometry: A tool to help unravel the pathophysiology of constipation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5162-5172页

作者： philip G Dinning Marc A Benninga Bridget R Southwell S mark Scott Department of Gastroenterology St George Hospital University of New South Wales Kogarah Sydney 2217 Australia Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Emma Children's Hospital/AMC Amsterdam 1105 AZ The Netherlands Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Parkville Melbourne 3052 Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne 3052 Australia Queen Mary University London Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London E11BB United Kingdom

Colonic motility subserves large bowel functions, including absorption, storage, propulsion and defaecation. Co-lonic motor dysfunction remains the leading hypothesis to explain symptom generation in chronic constipation, a heterogeneous condition which is extremely prevalent in the general population, and has huge socioeconomic impact and individual suffering. Physiological testing plays a crucial role in patient management, as it is now accepted that symptom-based assessment, although im-portant, is unsatisfactory as the sole means of directing therapy. Colonic manometry provides a direct method for studying motor activities of the large bowel, and this review provides a contemporary understanding of how this technique has enhanced our knowledge of normalcolonic motor physiology, as well as helping to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying constipation. Methodological approaches, including available catheter types, placement technique and recording protocols, are covered, along with a detailed description of re-corded colonic motor activities. This review also criti-cally examines the role of colonic manometry in current clinical practice, and how manometric assessment may aid diagnosis, classification and guide therapeutic inter-vention in the constipated individual. Most importantly, this review considers both adult and paediatric patients. Limitations of the procedure and a look to the future are also addressed.

关键词： Colon Constipation Manometry Paediatric Adult

Rangeland hillslope lengths:A case study at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed,southeastern Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 597-609页

作者： Li Li mark A.Nearing philip Heilman Mary H.Nichols D.P.Guertin C.J.Williams School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85705USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA

Rangeland hillslopes provide much of the sediment supplied to channel systems and their lengths exert a fundamental constraint on hillslope diffusive ***,information regarding lengths of rangeland hillslopes,and how best to estimate them,is *** this study,three groups of watersheds(10 in total)were selected from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed according to their geology,soil and vegetation *** 1 watersheds were at lower elevations dominated by shrubs,Group 3 were at high elevations dominated by grass,and Group 2 were mixed shrub and *** hillslope lengths were calculated from 1 m-resolution DEMs using three methods:a flow routing algorithm,slope-area relationships,and inverted relationship with drainage *** that characterize the current watersheds,including Hack's exponent and coefficient,watershed shape coefficient,channel concavity and steepness,and surface roughness,were quantified and related to hillslope *** shows:(1)estimated hillslope lengths were different for the three methods and between the three groups of watersheds;(2)hillslope lengths that measured from the flow routing algorithm for the ten selected watersheds primarily ranged from 30 to 100 m,with a median value of 63.0 m,which was 20%e50%greater than those derived from slope-area plots or drainage densities;(3)hillslope lengths estimated from the flow routing method were greater in Group 3 watersheds than in Group 2 and then in Group 1 *** attributed these differences in hillslope lengths to the historic epeirogenic pulses,watershed and drainage network morphology,and differences in vegetation characteristics;(4)measured hillslope lengths from the flow routing algorithm were best correlated with hillslope relief,then surface roughness,channel steepness and *** results would benefit the applications of hydrological and erosion models in rangelands.

关键词： Rangeland hillslope Slope length Drainage density Slope-area relationship Hillslope hydrology

Microneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第8期11卷 2344-2361页

作者： Rachael V.Dixon Eldhose Skaria Wing Man Lau philip Manning mark A.Birch-Machin S.Moein Moghimi Keng Wooi Ng School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE17RUUK Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUK Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PTUK

Recent infectious disease outbreaks,such as COVID-19 and Ebola,have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatment and curb *** diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sampling and timely ***,current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipment and trained ***,centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirement to travel may increase disease ***-administrable,point-of-care(PoC)microneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these *** miniature needle arrays can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive manner to provide(near-)real-time *** microneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis,though similar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease *** include microneedles for biofluid extraction,microneedle sensors and analyte-capturing microneedles,or combinations *** sampling/detection from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid is *** technologies are in their early stages of development for infectious disease diagnostics,and there is a vast scope for further *** this review,we discuss the utility and future outlook of these microneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.

关键词： Microneedle Infectious disease Point-of-care diagnostics(PoC) Biomarker detection Skin Biosensor COVID-19

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数字图像处理技巧