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Gunshot injury to spine:An institutional experience of management and complications from a developing country

Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2020年第6期23卷 324-328页

作者： Mir Ibrahim Sajid bushra ahmad Shaikh Danish Mahmood Aneela Darbar Medical College Aga Khan UniversityKarachi74880Pakistan Department of Neurosurgery Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi74880Pakistan

Purpose Gunshot wounds are the second leading cause of spinal cord *** intervention for gunshot injury to the spine carries a high rate of *** is a scarcity of data on civilian gunshot injuries to the spine in *** 60 cases over the last 10 years have been recoded,with unusual presentation and neurological *** it is imperative to fill this gap in data,by reviewing cases of civilian gunshot injuries to spine presenting at a tertiary care hospital(Aga Khan University Hospital,Karachi).Methods This is a retrospective cohort *** of all ages who presented to the emergency department of Aga Khan University Hospital,with gunshot injuries to spine between January 2005 and December 2016 were included in the *** were collected on neurological status(American Spinal Injury Association score was used for the initial and follow-up neurological assessment),extent of cord transection,motor and sensory *** patients were further grouped into those with cord transection,and those with fractures of the bony spine but an intact spinal *** patients were then followed and the outcomes were *** A total of 40 patients were *** mean±SD of patients age was(30.9±9.5)*** the 40 patients with gunshot wounds,31 had the medical imaging performed at the facility,and hence they were included in this *** remaining 9 patients were excluded from this additional *** patients were managed surgically and 27 patients underwent the conservative *** mean±SD of follow-up was(8.7±7.2)*** our study,the thoracic spine was the most commonly injured region in gunshot *** the 31 patients with medical imaging performed at our institute,17(54.8%)had cord transection,of whom 8(47%)ultimately developed *** The prognosis of gunshot injuries to the spine can be varied depending on whether the spinal cord is intact or ***

关键词： Hospital management Cord transection Prognostic predictors Gunshot injury Spinal trauma

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Interactive effect of shade and PEG-induced osmotic stress on physiological responses of soybean seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2382-2394页

作者： Muhammad Ahsan ASGHAR JIANG Heng-ke SHUI Zhao-wei CAO Xi-yu HUANG Xi-yu Shakeel IMRAN bushra ahmad ZHANG Hao YANG Yue-ning SHANG Jing YANG Hui YU Liang LIU Chun-yan YANG Wen-yu SUN Xin DU Jun-bo College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Research Center for Modern Agriculture of the Middle East Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China Ministry of AgricultureSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad(UAF)|UAF Sub-CampusBurewala 61010Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

Intensively farmed crops used to experience numerous environmental *** these,shade and drought significantly influence the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of ***,the interactive effect of shade and drought on the growth and development of soybean under dense cropping systems has not been reported *** study investigated the interactive effect of PEG-induced osmotic stress and shade on soybean *** soybean cultivar viz.,C-103 was subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress from polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000)under shading and non-shading ***-induced osmotic stress significantly reduced the relative water contents,morphological parameters,carbohydrates and chlorophyll contents under both light environments.A significant increase was observed in osmoprotectants,reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in soybean ***,the findings revealed that,seedlings grown under non-shading conditions produced more malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents as compared to the shade-treated plants when subjected to PEG-induced osmotic ***,the shaded plants accumulated more sugars and proline than non-shaded ones under drought ***,it was found that nonshaded grown plants were more sensitive to PEG-induced osmotic stress than those exposed to shading conditions,which suggested that shade could boost the protective mechanisms against osmotic stress or at least would not exaggerate the adverse effects of PEG-induced osmotic stress in soybean seedlings.

关键词： shade PEG-induced osmotic stress reactive oxygen species antioxidant enzymes soybean

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Shade and microbes enhance drought stress tolerance in plants by inducing phytohormones at molecular levels: a review

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第6期15卷 1107-1117页

作者： Muhammad Ahsan Asghar bushra ahmad Ali Raza Bilal Adil Hafz Hassan Javed Muhammad Umer Farooq Abuzar Ghafoor Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain Iram Shafq Hassan Karim Xin Sun Wenyu Yang Gábor Kocsy Junbo Du Department of Biological Resources Agricultural InstituteCentre for Agricultural ResearchELKHMartonvásárHungary College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000PunjabPakistan College of Resource Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureÇukurova UniversityAdana 01330Turkey Department of Plant Biology&Soil Science Faculty of BiologyUniversity of VigoCampus As Lagoas MarcosendeVigo 36310Spain State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan 611130China

Plants are frequently exposed to adverse environments during their life *** them drought stress is one of the major threats to agricultural *** order to survive in such unstable environment,plants have developed mechanisms through which they recognize the severity of the stress based on the incoming environmental *** combat the detrimental effects of drought,the plants have evolved various strategies to modulate their physio-hormonal *** strategies that can be modulated by shade and microbes contribute to enhancing tolerance to drought and reducing yield *** hormones,such as abscisic acid,auxin and ethylene have a major role in the shade-and microbe-associated improvement of drought tolerance through their effects on various metabolic *** this process,the CLAVATA3/EMBRYOSURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 25 peptide has a major role due to its effect on ABA synthesis as shown in our regulatory model.

关键词： abscisic acid CLAVATA3/EMBRYOSURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 25 auxin plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ethylene

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Papaya peel waste carbon dots/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite:From photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue to antimicrobial activity

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第2期8卷 162-175页

作者： Hesam Salimi Shahraki Rani bushra Nimra Shakeel Anees ahmad Quratulen Mehraj ahmad Christos Ritzoulis Department of Food Science and Technology International Hellenic UniversityThessaloniki 57400Greece Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and FoodNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Carbon dots(CDs)have gained unprecedented attention as a novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial owing to their diverse industrial ***,we reported the sus-tainable synthesis of fluorescent CDs from papaya peel waste,acting as a natural carbon ***-prepared CDs and reduced graphene oxide(RGO)were fabricated in the composites through a facile one-step hydrothermal *** RGO/CDs(RC)nanocomposites were characterized using spectroscopic,diffraction,and electron-microscopic ***-posites with variable RGO to CD mass ratios were tested for photodegradation of textile dye methylene blue(MB).The highest photocatalytic activity(degradation efficiency of 87%in 135 min)was obtained in the nanocomposite containing a 2꞉1 mass ratio(RC2).The RGO sheets in the nanocomposite acted as media for electron acceptors,promoting the fast transfer and sep-aration of photoinduced electrons during CDs excitation,thus preventing the recombination of the electron and *** on the agar well diffusion assay,the nanocomposites exhibited ex-cellent antibacterial activity than other tested materials against Bacillus subtilis(Gram-positive)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Gram-negative)*** largest inhibition zone area(22 mm),i.e.,the highest antimicrobial activity,was obtained in the nanocomposite tested against Gram-positive *** together,the synergistic effect of RGO and CDs enhanced the pho-tocatalytic and antibacterial performance of synthesized nanocomposite material.

关键词： Nanocomposite Carbon dot Hydrothermal method Photocatalysis Antibacterial activity

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Potato Virus Y mRNA Expression Knockdown Mediated by siRNAs in Cultured Mammalian Cell Line

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第2期26卷 105-113页

作者： bushra Tabassum Idrees ahmad Nasir Tayyab Husnain National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology(CEMB) University of the Punjab

RNA interference(RNAi) is a powerful tool for functional gene analysis which has been successfully used to downregulate the expression levels of target *** goal of this research was to provide a highly robust and concise methodology for in-vitro screening of efficient siRNAs from a bulk to be used as a tool to protect potato plants against PVY *** our study,a 480bp fragment of the capsid protein gene of potato virus Y(CP-PVY) was used as a target to downregulate PVY mRNA expression in-vitro,as the CP gene interferes with viral uncoating,translation and replication.A total of six siRNAs were designed and screened through transient transfection assay and knockdown in expression of CP-PVY mRNA was calculated in CHO-k ***-PVY mRNA knockdown efficiency was analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR of CHO-k cells co-transfected with a CP gene construct and *** biological replicates were performed in this *** our findings,one CP gene specific siRNA out of a total of six was found to be the most effective for knockdown of CP-PVY mRNA in transfected CHO-k cells by up to 80%-90%.

关键词： RNAi Potato virus Y siRNA in-vitro Expression knockdown Transfection

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Towards safe injection practices for prevention of hepatitis C transmission in South Asia: Challenges and progress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5837-5852页

作者： Naveed Zafar Janjua Zahid ahmad Butt bushra Mahmood Arshad Altaf Clinical Prevention Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Service Delivery and Safety World Health Organization

AIM: To summarize the available information about injection use and its determinants in the South Asian region. METHODS: We searched published and unpublished literature on injection safety in South Asia published during 1995-2016 using the keywords "injection" "unsafe injection" and "immunization injection" and combined these with each of the countries and/or their respective states or provinces in South Asia. We used a standardized questionnaire to abstract the following data from the articles: the annual number of injections per capita, the proportion of injections administered with a reused syringe or needle, the distribution of injections with respect to prescribers and providers and determinants of injection use. RESULTS: Although information is very limited for certain countries(i.e., Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka), healthcare injection use is very common across South Asia, with cross-country rates ranging from 2.4 to 13.6 injections/person/year. Furthermore, recent studies show that 5% to 50% of these injections are provided with reused syringes, thus creating potential to transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Qualified and unqualified practitioners, especially in the private sector, are the major drivers behind injection use, but patients also prefer injections, especially among the rural, poor or uneducated in certain countries. According to available data, Pakistan and India have recently taken steps towards achieving safe injection. Potential interventions include the introduction of reuse prevention devices, and patient-, community- and patient/community and provider-centered interventionsto change population and practitioner behavior. CONCLUSION: Injection use is common in South Asian countries. Multilevel interventions aiming at patients, providers and the healthcare system are needed to reduce injection use and reuse.

关键词： Unsafe injections Hepatitis C Hepatitis B South Asia Prescription practices

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Ozone Depletion Identification in Stratosphere Through Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2159-2178页

作者： Bakhtawar Aslam Ziyad Awadh Alrowaili bushra Khaliq Jaweria Manzoor Saira Raqeeb Fahad ahmad Department of Computer Sciences Kinnaird College for WomenLahore54000Pakistan Physics Department College of ScienceJouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72341Saudi Arabia Department of Basic Sciences Deanship of Common First YearJouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72341Saudi Arabia

The concept of classification through deep learning is to build a model that skillfully separates closely-related images dataset into different classes because of diminutive but continuous variations that took place in physical systems over time and effect *** study has made ozone depletion identification through classification using Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network(F-RCNN).The main advantage of F-RCNN is to accumulate the bounding boxes on images to differentiate the depleted and non-depleted ***,image classification’s primary goal is to accurately predict each minutely varied case’s targeted classes in the dataset based on ozone *** permanent changes in climate are of serious *** leading causes beyond these destructive variations are ozone layer depletion,greenhouse gas release,deforestation,pollution,water resources contamination,and UV *** research focuses on the prediction by identifying the ozone layer depletion because it causes many health issues,e.g.,skin cancer,damage to marine life,crops damage,and impacts on living being’s immune *** have tried to classify the ozone images dataset into two major classes,depleted and non-depleted regions,to extract the required persuading features through ***,CNN has been used for feature extraction in the existing literature,and those extricated diverse RoIs are passed on to the CNN for grouping *** is difficult to manage and differentiate those RoIs after grouping that negatively affects the gathered *** classification outcomes through F-RCNN approach are proficient and demonstrate that general accuracy lies between 91%to 93%in identifying climate variation through ozone concentration classification,whether the region in the image under consideration is depleted or *** proposed model presented 93%accuracy,and it outperforms the prevailing techniques.

关键词： Deep learning image processing classification climate variation ozone layer depleted region non-depleted region UV radiation faster region-based convolutional neural network

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HCV infection causes cirrhosis in human by step-wise regulation of host genes involved in cellular functioning and defense during fibrosis:Identification of bio-markers

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Genes & Diseases 2019年第3期6卷 304-317页

作者： bushra Ijaz Waqar ahmad Trina Das Khadija Shabbiri Tayyab Husnain Sajida Hassan Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the PunjabLahorePakistan School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandAustralia College of Medicine and Health Sciences UAE UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates Division of Transplantation Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Laboratory Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

Chronic Hepatitis C Viral(HCV)infection is a leading health problem worldwide and resulted in fibrotic scar formation,and finally *** contemporary therapies can partially reverse this destructive process,the rehabilitation is too slow and unsuitable for all chronic *** current study elucidates the mechanism of disease progression from early(F1)to moderate(F2,F3),and to severe fibrosis(F4)/cirrhosis in HCV genotype 3a infected patients to find out new candidates as potential disease progression markers and antiviral therapeutic agents.A total of 550 genes were found differentially regulated in the four fibrosis stages and grouped in 22 classes according to their biological *** set enrichment(GSEA)and Ingenuity pathway analysis(IPA)were used to identify the regulation of crucial biological functions and pathways involved in HCV *** differentially regulated the expression of genes involved in apoptosis,cell structure,signal transduction,proliferation,metabolism,cytokine signaling,immune response,cell adhesion and maintenance,and post translational modifications by pathway *** was an increasing trend of proliferative and cell growth related genes and shutting down of immune response as the disease progress mild to moderate to advanced stage *** myriad of changes in gene expression showed more chances of developing liver cancer in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a in a systematic *** identified gene set can act as disease markers for prediction,whether the fibrosis lead to cirrhosis and its association with end stage liver disease development.

关键词： Gene expression profiling Hepatitis C Liver cirrhosis Liver fibrosis Viral infection

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Effect of Valence Band Tail Width on the Open Circuit Voltage of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell:AMPS-1D Simulation Study

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第8期32卷 216-220页

作者： bushra Mohamed Omer Department of Physics College of Science and ArtsTaif University Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Applied Science and ComputerOmdurman Ahlia University

The effect of the valence band tail width on the open circuit voltage of P3HT：PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell is investigated by using the AMPS-1D computer program. An effective medium model with exponential valence and conduction band tail states is used to simulate the photovoltaic cell. The simulation result shows that the open circuit voltage depends Iinearly on the logarithm of the generation rate and the slope depends on the width of the valence band tail. The open circuit voltage decreases with the increasing width of the band tail. The dark and light ideality factors increase with the width of the valence band tail.

关键词： Effect of Valence Band Tail Width on the Open Circuit Voltage of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell:AMPS-1D Simulation Study HT

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HCV genotype distribution and possible transmission risks in Lahore, Pakistan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4321-4328页

作者： Waqar ahmad bushra Ijaz Fouzia Tahir Javed Shah Jahan Imran Shahid Fawad Mumtaz Khan Sajida Hassan Applied and Functional Genomics Lab Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Applied and Functional Genomics Lab Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punja Department of Pathology Jinnah Hospital Plastic Surgery Department Mayo Hospital

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and their association with possible transmission routes in the general population of Lahore, as the data exclusively related to this city is limited. METHODS: Complete data regarding patient's history, possible route of infection and biochemical tests was collected from the public hospital for 1364 patients. SPSS version 16 windows software was used for data analysis by univariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: Age range ≤ 40 years showed high prevalence of HCV infection. HCV genotype 3a was dominant (55.9%), followed by 1a (23.6%), 4a (12.5%), 3b (3.2%), untypable (2.5%), 4b (1.2%) and mixed type (1.2%). Blood transfusion, dental surgery and barber shops were the main risk factors for HCV transmission. Genotype prevalence was independent of age (P = 0.971) and gender (P = 0.122) while risk factors showed a significant association with age (P = 0.000) and genotypes (P = 0.000). We observed an independent association of risk factors and genotype 3a, while patients with genotype 1 and 4 were mostly infected due to dental surgery blood transfusion and barber shops. Risk factors of intravenous drug use and sexual exposure were exclusively found in ≤ 40 years age group. CONCLUSION: An increase in genotypes 1a and 4a suggest migration of people, possibly from Balochistan and the northern war-zone area. Government should focus on public education regarding infection routes.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Prevalence Genotypes Risk factors Lahore

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