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Convergent Data-Driven regularizations for CT reconstruction

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1342-1368页

作者： Samira Kabri Alexander.a.ras Danilo riccio Hartmut Bauermeister Martin Benning Michael Moeller Martin burger Helmholtz Imaging Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany Institute for Vision and Graphics University of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2a57076 SiegenGermany School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK The Alan Turing Institute British Library96 Euston RdLondon NW12DBUK Fachbereich Mathematik Universitat HamburgBundesstrasse 5520146 HamburgGermany

The reconstruction of images from their corresponding noisy radon transform is a typical example of an ill-posed linear inverse problem as arising in the application of computerized tomography(CT).As the(naive)solution does not depend on the measured data continuously,regularization is needed to reestablish a continuous *** this work,we investigate simple,but yet still provably convergent appr.a.hes to learning linear regularization methods from *** specifically,we analyze two appr.a.hes:one generic linear regularization that learns how to manipulate the singular values of the linear operator in an extension of our previous work,and one tailored appr.a.h in the Fourier domain that is specific to *** prove that such appr.a.hes become convergent regularization methods as well as the fact that the reconstructions they provide are typically much smoother than the training data they were trained ***,we compare the spectral as well as the Fourier-based appr.a.hes for CT-reconstruction numerically,discuss their.a.vantages and disadvantages and investigate the effect of discretization errors at differentresolutions.

关键词： Inverse problems regularization Computerized tomography(CT) Machine learning

Impor.a.ce of Stewards and Other Protection Efforts for Conser.a.ion of red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) and Other Shorebirds on Delaware Bay, New Jersey

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Natural Science 2024年第9期16卷 162-182页

作者： Joanna burger Amanda Dey Larry Niles Division of Life Sciences Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA Wildlife restoration Partnerships 109 Market Lane Greenwich NJ USA

Understanding the factors that contribute to population stability in long-distance migrant birds is incr.a.ingly impor.a.t, particularly given global climate change, sea level rise, and loss or distur.a.ce at essential habitats. While the populations of most shorebirds are declining worldwide, those that migrate through Delaware Bay, New Jersey and Delaware, are declining at the most rapid rate despite conser.a.ion efforts. In this paper, we 1) provide background infor.a.ion on population declines of red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) using Delaware Bay, thr.a.s to their foraging, and efforts to reduce thr.a.s, 2) summarize briefly our studies of the effects of human activities on knots and other shorebirds, 3) present data on management efforts to protect knots and other shorebirds from the activities of people, and 4) discuss the efficacy of such efforts (usually referred to as “decr.a.ing the effect of human distur.a.ces”). The Shorebird Project on Delaware Bay is over 25 years old and provides long-term data to help assess the status of shorebird numbers, particularly for red knot, as well as the density of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and their eggs. red knots have continued to decline even more precipitously in the last few years, presenting cause for concern. Protective efforts have been successful in reducing human disruption on the N.J. Delaware Bay beaches, but the lack of uniformity in implementation across the New Jersey side, and across the whole Bay have hampered further improvements. Implementation of signs, fencing, and stewards on some beaches significantly enhanced the use of these beaches by red knots, determined by examining the use of beaches pre- and post-implementation. Implementation of fencing and stewards had the gr.a.est effect. From 1986 to 2018, there was a significant shift in the percent of Delaware Bay red knots using the NJ side, where protection efforts had been implemented on many of the beaches. Merely restricting access (w

关键词： red Knot Calidris canutus rufa Conser.a.ion Beach Monitors Human Distur.a.ce Habitat restoration Management Stewards Education Population Declines Coastal

Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 288-302页

作者： Quirin Göttl Dominik GGrimm Jakob burger Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and SustainabilityLaboratory of Chemical Process Engineering94315 StraubingGermany Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability94315 StraubingGermany Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences 94315 StraubingGermany Technical University of Munich Department of Informatics85748 GarchingGermany

Automated flowsheet synthesis is an impor.a.t field in computer.a.ded process *** present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for.a.tomated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics or prior knowledge of conceptual *** environment consists of a steady-state flowsheet simulator that contains all physical *** agent is trained to take discrete actions and sequentially build up flowsheets that solve a given process problem.A novel method named SynGameZero is developed to ensure good exploration schemes in the complex ***,flowsheet synthesis is modelled as a game of two competing *** agent plays this game against itself during training and consists of an artificial neural network and a tree search for for.a.d *** method is applied successfully to a r.a.tion-distillation process in a quater.a.y system.

关键词： automated process synthesis flowsheet synthesis artificial intelligence machine learning reinforcement learning

Numerical Approximation of Oscillatory Solutions of Hyperbolic-Elliptic Systems of Conser.a.ion Laws by Multiresolution Schemes

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2009年第5期1卷 581-614页

作者： Stefan Berres raimund burger Alice Kozakevicius Depar.a.ento de Ciencias Matematicas y Fısicas Universidad Catolica de TemucoTemucoChile CI2MA and Depar.a.ento de Ingenier´ıa Matem´atica Facultad de Ciencias Fısicas y Matem´aticasUniversidad de Concepci´onCasilla 160-CConcepci´onChile Depar.a.ento de Matematica-CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa MariaAv.Roraima1000Campus Universit´arioSanta MariaRSCEP 97105-900Brazil

The generic structure of solutions of initial value problems of hyperbolic-elliptic systems,also called mixed systems,of conser.a.ion laws is not yet fully *** r.a.on for the absence of a core well-posedness theory for these equations is the sensitivity of their solutions to the structure of a parabolic regularization when attempting to single out an admissible solution by the vanishing viscosity *** is,however,theoretical and numerical evidence for the appearance of solutions that exhibit persistent oscillations,so-called oscillatory waves,which are(in general,measure-valued)solutions that emerge from riemann data or slightly perturbed constant data chosen from the interior of the elliptic *** capture these solutions,usually a fine computational grid is *** this work,a version of the multiresolution method applied to a WENO scheme for systems of conser.a.ion laws is proposed as a simulation tool for the efficient computation of solutions of oscillatory wave *** hyperbolic-elliptic 2×2 systems of conser.a.ion laws considered are a prototype system for three-phase flow in porous media and a system modeling the separation of a heavy-buoyant bidisperse *** the latter case,varying one scalar parameter produces elliptic regions of different shapes and numbers of points of tangency with the borders of the phase space,giving rise to different kinds of oscillation waves.

关键词： Hyperbolic-elliptic system conser.a.ion law oscillation wave numerical simulation multiresolution method sedimentation model

A Diffusively Corrected Multiclass Lighthill-Whitham-richards Traffic Model with Anticipation Lengths and r.a.tion Times

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2013年第5期5卷 728-758页

作者： raimund burger Pep Mulet Luis M.Villada CI2MA and Depar.a.ento de Ingenier.a.Matematica Facultad de Ciencias Fısicas y MatematicasUniversidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepcionChile Depar.a.ent de Matematica Aplicada Universitat de ValenciaAv.Dr.Moliner 50E-46100 BurjassotSpain

Multiclass Lighthill-Whitham-richards trafficmodels[Benzoni-Gavage and Colombo,***.,14(2003),pp.587–612;Wong and Wong,***.A,36(2002),pp.827–841]give rise to first-order systems of conser.a.ion laws that are hyperbolic under usual conditions,so that their.a.sociated Cauchy problems are *** lengths and r.a.tion times can be incorporated into these models by adding cer.a.n conser.a.ive second-order terms to these first-order conser.a.ion *** terms can be diffusive under cer.a.n circumstances,thus,in principle,ensuring the stability of the *** purpose of this paper is to analyze the stability of these diffusively correctedmodels under varying r.a.tion times and anticipation *** is demonstrated that instabilities may develop for high r.a.tion times and short anticipation lengths,and that these instabilities may have controlled frequencies and amplitudes due to their nonlinear nature.

关键词： Traffic flow multispecies model anticipation length r.a.tion time diffusive correction quasilinear system of second-order PDEs stability numerical simulation

Evolution of gastroenterology training

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World Jour.a. of Gastroenterology 2009年第15期15卷 1793-1798页

作者： Hanna Telleman Trevlyn Felicity burger Chris Jacob Johan Mulder Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Witwatersrand University

There have been rapid developments in gastroenterology(GE)over the last *** until the late 1980s,GE-training was incorporated in Inter.a. Medicine *** introduction of endoscopy has necessitated the need for.a.ditional *** the world different national boards have developed their own curricula which will be discussed in this paper. Emphasis will be placed on the curriculum recently introduced in The *** inter.a. medicine component has become a two-year requirement (Common Trunk)and the duration of training in GE has been extended to four *** of the growing complexity of GE,there are now four subspecialties:Interventional Endoscopy,Neuromotility, Oncology and Hepatology that trainees can choose *** subspecialties each have predefined specific *** World Gastroenterology Or.a.ization has drawn up a standard curriculum which can be of help to the boards in different countries. The curriculum emphasizes the knowledge and skill *** curriculum also defines the training recommendations,the requirements of training facilities and competence evaluation of fellows and facilities,while less is said about research,finance and the number of gastroenterologists *** the coming decades the curriculum will need to be revised *** of the curriculum will be the next challenge for the years to come.

关键词： Career Common Trunk Curriculum Endoscopy Fellow Fellowship Gastroenterology Hepatology Program Training

Contrasting responseS of hoverflies and wild bees to habitat structure and land use change in a tropical landscape （southern Yunnan, SW China）

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 666-676页

作者： Ling-Zeng Meng Konrad Martin Jing-Xin Liu Frank burger Jin Chen University of Hohenheim Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics(380b)StuttgartGermany Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Natural History Museum of Erfurt Germany

The response of insects to monoculture plantations has mainly proceeded at the expense of natural forest ar.a., and is an outstanding and impor.a.t issue in ecology and conser.a.ion biology, with pollination services declined around the world. In this study, species richness and distribution of hoverfly and wild bee communities were investigated in a changing tropical landscape in southern Yunnan, south-west China by Malaise traps periodically from 2008 to 2009. Species were recorded from the traditional land use types （natural forest, grassland, shrubland and rice field fallows）, and from recently established rubber plantations of different ages. Hoverflies （total 53 species） were most common in young successional stages of vegetation, including rice field fallow and shrubland. Species richness was highest in rice field fallows and lowest in forests and showed a highly significant relationship with the number of forb species and ground vegetation cover. In contrast, the highest richness of wild bees （total 44 species） was recorded from the natural forest sites, which showed a discrete bee community composition compared to the remaining habitat types. There was no significant relationship between the bee species richness and the environmental var.a.les, including the numbers of different plant life forms, coverage of canopy and ground vegetation, successional age of vegetation and land use type. At the landscape scale, open land use systems, including young rubber plantations, are assumed to incr.a.e the species richness of hoverflies; however, this might decr.a.e wild bee diversity. The present land use change by rubber cultivation can be expected to have negative impacts on the native wild bee communities.

关键词： Apidae insects pollinators rubber plantations Syrphidae tropical forest

MINErosion 4:Using measurements from a tilting flume-rainfall simulator facility to predict erosion rates from post-mining catchments/landscapes in Central Queensland,Australia

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Inter.a.ional Soil and Water Conser.a.ion research 2023年第3期11卷 415-428页

作者： Ashraf MKhalifa Hwat Bing So Hossein Ghadiri Chris Carroll Peter burger Bofu Yu School of Engineering and Built Environment Australian Rivers InstituteGrifith UniversityNathan4111QueenslandAustralia School of Environment and Science Australian Rivers InstituteGrifith UniversityNathan411QueenslandAustralia Department of Natural resources Mines and EnergyRockhamptonQueenslandAustralia

The use of draglines to remove overburden in Queensland opencut mines,results in landscapes that consist of long parallel tertiary overburden spoil-piles that are generally highly saline,dispersive,and highly *** height of these spoil-piles may exceed 50-60 m above the original landscapes and the slopes are at the angle of repose of around 75%or 37°.Legislation and public opinion require that these highly disturbed open-cut post-mining landscapes should be satisfactorily rehabilitated into an approved post-mining land use with acceptable erosion ***,these slopes must be reduced before the landscape can be *** most expensive component of the rehabilitation process is the re-shaping and preparation of the overburden to cr.a.e a suitable landscape for vegetation *** soils and overburden varies gr.a.ly in their erodibilities,the extent and cost of earthworks can be minimized,and rehabilitation failures avoided,if soil erosion from designed landscapes can be predicted using laboratory-based parameters prior to construction of these *** paper describes the development of a model for that purpose.A catchment or landscape erosion model MINErosion 4 was developed by upscaling the existing hillslope model MINErosion 3(So,et al.,2018)and integrate it with both ESrI ArcGIS 10.3 or QGIS 3.16(freeware),to predict event based and mean annual erosion rate from a postmining catchment or *** 3 is a model that can be used to predict event and annual erosion rates from field scale hillslopes using laboratory measured erodibility parameters or routinely measured soil physical and chemical properties,and to derive suitable landscape design parameters(slope gradient,slope length and vegetation cover)that will result in acceptable erosion *** it cannot be used to predict the sediment delivery from catchments or *** 4 was validated against data collected on three instrumented catchments(up to 0.91

关键词： Soil erosion MINErosion 4 model Erosion from catchments Post-mining rehabilitation Queensland

Building Expertise on FAIr Through Evolving Bring Your Own Data(BYOD) Workshops: Describing the Data, Software, and Management-focused Appr.a.hes and Their Evolution

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 429-456页

作者： César H.Ber.a.é Lieze Thielemans rajaram Kaliyaperumal Claudio Car.a.Shuxin Zhang Celia W.G.van Gelder Nirupama Benis Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos ronald Cornet Bruna dos Santos Vieira Nawel Lalout Ines Henriques Alberto Camara Ballesteros Kees burger Martijn G.Kersloot Friederike Ehr.a.t Esther van Enckevort Chris T.Evelo Alasdair J.G.Gray Marc Hanauer Kristina Hettne Joep de Ligt Ar.a.do Pereira Nur.a.Queralt-rosinach Erik Schultes Domenica Taruscio Andra Waagmeester Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Mascha Jansen Barend Mons Marco roos Annika Jacobsen Biosemantics Group Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands NIHr.a.ademic Fellow in General Practice University College London and The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust National Centre for rare Diseases Istituto Superiore di SanitaRomeItaly Department of Medical Infor.a.ics Amsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamThe Netherlands Amster.a. Public Health Methodology&Digital HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands Health-rl UtrechtThe Netherlands Semantics Services and Cybersecurity groupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Medical BioSciences Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands The Duchenne Parent Project VeneendaalThe Netherlands Depar.a.ento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasCentro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de PlantasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC(INIA-CSIC).Campus MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Castor AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Bioinfor.a.ics-BiGCaT Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University Medical Center Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio) Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Computer Science Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK INSErM US14-OrphanetPlateforme Maladies RaresParisFrance Centre for Digital Scholarship Leiden University LibrariesThe Netherlands Center for Molecular Medicine Cancer Genomics NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUniversity UtrechtThe Netherlands University of Aveiro DETI/IEETAAveiroPortugal GO FAIr Foundation LeidenThe Netherlands The Leiden Academic Center for Drug research LeidenThe Netherlands Micel

Since 2014,"Bring Your Own Data"workshops(BYODs)have been or.a.ised to inform people about the process and benefits of making resources Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,and reusable(FAIr.a.d the FAIrification process).The BYOD workshops'content and for.a. differ depending on their goal,context,and the background and needs of ***-focused BYODs educate domain experts on how to make their data FAIr to find new answers to research ***-focused BYODs promote the benefits of making data FAIr.a.d instruct project managers and policy-makers on the characteristics of FAIrification ***-focused BYODs gather software developers and experts on FAIr to implement or improve software resources that are used to support ***,these BYODs intend to foster collaboration between different types of stakeholders involved in data management,curation,and reuse(*** experts,trainers,developers,data owners,data analysts,FAIr experts).The BYODs also serve as an opportunity to learn what kind of support for FAIrification is needed from different communities and to develop teaching mater.a.s based on practical examples and *** this paper,we detail the three different structures of the BYODs and describe examples of early BYODs related to plant breeding data,and rare disease registries and biobanks,which have shaped the structure of the *** discuss the latest insights into making BYODs more productive by leveraging our.a.most ten years of training experience in these workshops,including successes and encountered ***,we examine how the participants'feedback has motivated the research on FAIr,including the development of workflows and software.

关键词： FAIr FAIrification FAIr expertise Bring Your Own Data Workshop BYOD