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Prioritizing Strategies for Building the Resilience of Public Health Systems to Disasters Across Multiple Communities and Countries

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Benjamin J.Ryan Mayumi Kako Shelby Garner Rok Fink Ismail Tayfur Jonathan Abrahams Sanjaya Bhatia Adriana Campelo Matthew Fendt Alicia Fontenot Nahuel Arenas Garcia Tim Hatch Ryoma Kayano LaShonda Malrey‑Horne Makiko MacDermot Md Moshiur Rahman Chaverle Noel Shuhei Nomura Jeremy P.Novak Maria Opazo Kendell Oliver Luciana Peters Sohel Rahman PerihanŞimşek Andrew Stricklin Raymond Swienton bryan w.brooks Frist College of Medicine Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Environmental Science Environmental Health Science ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Division of Nursing Science School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 734-8553Japan Gordon E.Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Emergency Medicine University of Health Sciences34668 IstanbulTurkey Monash University Accident Research Center MelbourneVIC 3800Australia Global Education and Training Institute United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionIncheon 22004Republic of Korea Regional Ofce for the Americas and Caribbean United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionPanama City 0843-03441Panama Engineering and Computer Science Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Department of Public Health Robbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Alabama Department of Public Health MontgomeryAL 36092USA world Health Organization Centre for Health Development(wHO Kobe Centre) Kobe 651-0073Japan waco-McLennan County Public Health District WacoTX 76707USA Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research Tokyo 106-6234Japan Global Development College BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Municipality of Pudahuel 13124 PudahuelChile City Hall of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 90010-170Brazil Ministry of Health and Family welfare Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Trabzon University61335 TrabzonTurkey Department of Emergency Medicine UT SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health *** response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple *** aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system *** conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience *** were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight *** two surveys,23 strategies were *** received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of *** related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of *** Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system *** leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.

关键词： Health system resilience Public policy Resilience scorecard workshops

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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin M.Knight Connor M.Gautam Colton R.Stoner bryan V.Egner Joseph R.Smith Chris M.Orban Juan J.Manfredi Kyle D.Frische Michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

we present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

we present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(w/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the warpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

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Tuning the melting point and phase stability of rare-earth oxides to facilitate their crystal growth from the meltv

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第9期11卷 1479-1490页

作者： Matheus PIANASSOLA Kaden L.ANDERSON Joshua SAFIN Can AGCA Jake w.MCMURRAY bryan C.CHAKOUMAKOS Jöerg C.NEUEFEIND Charles L.MELCHER Mariya ZHURAVLEVA Scintillation Materials Research Center The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Department of Nuclear Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA

The challenge of growing rare-earth(RE)sesquioxide crystals can be overcome by tailoring their structural stability and melting point via composition *** work contributes to the advancement of the field of crystal growth of high-entropy oxides.A compound with only small REs(Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)_(2)O_(3)maintains a cubic C-type structure upon cooling from the melt,as observed via in-situ high-temperature neutron diffraction on aerodynamically levitated *** the other hand,a compound with a mixture of small and large REs(Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)crystallizes as a mixture of a primary C-type phase with an unstable secondary *** of compositions(Lu,Y,Ho,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)and(Lu,Y,Gd,Nd,La)_(2)O_(3)were grown by the micro-pulling-down(mPD)method with a single monoclinic B-type phase,while a powder of(Lu,Y,Ho,Yb,Er)_(2)O_(3)did not melt at the maximum operating temperature of an iridium-rhenium *** minimization of the melting point of the two grown crystals is attributed to the mismatch in cation *** electron probe microanalysis reveals that the general element segregation behavior in the crystals depends on the composition.

关键词： high-entropy oxides crystallography neutron diffraction crystal growth

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EFFECTS OF RIVER ICE ON STAGE-DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIPS——A CASE STUDY OF THE YELLOw RIVER

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第4期22卷 263-272页

作者： Ronald THRING bryan w. KARNEY Prof. Environmental Engineering University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University Way Prince George BC Canada V2N 4Z9 Prof. Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto 35 St. George Street Toronto ON Canada M5S 1A4

Using field observations at four gauging stations along the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River in China, this paper explores effects of the ice on the hydraulics of this river reach for four different conditions, namely: under open channel flow, during ice-running period, the ice-covered period, and the river break-up period. The rating curves were found to be well recognized under open channel situations, but were sometimes poorly defined and extremely variable under ice conditions. The results also show that the water level is insensitive to flowing ice prior to freeze-up. However, significant, but hardly surprising, variations were observed during ice-covered conditions. The rating curves for both the ice covered condition and river ice breakup period are developed and some related hydraulic issues are examined. Additionally, the impacts of the ice accumulation and associated riverbed deformation during ice period on the rating curves are discussed.

关键词： Ice-running period Ice covered period Rating curve Riverbed deformation River ice break-up

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Low-temperature conformal vacuum deposition of OLED devices using close-space sublimation

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半导体学报:英文版 2023年第9期44卷 62-67页

作者： bryan Siu Ting Tam Shou-Cheng Dong Ching w.Tang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

Close-space sublimation(CSS)has been demonstrated as an alternative vacuum deposition technique for fabricating organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).CSS utilizes a planar donor plate pre-coated with organic thin films as an area source to rapidly transfer the donor film to a device substrate at temperatures below 200℃.CSS is also conformal and capable of depositing on odd-shaped substrates using flexible donor *** evaporation behaviors of organic donor films under CSS were fully characterized using model OLED materials and CSS-deposited films exhibited comparable device performances in an OLED stack to films deposited by conventional point *** low temperature and conformal nature of CSS,along with its high material utilization and short process time,make it a promising method for fabricating flexible OLED displays.

关键词： close-space sublimation OLED thin film low temperature vacuum deposition

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Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow and eddy formation in fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： Scott Briggs bryan w. Karney Brent E. Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The effect of roughness on flow in fractures was investigated using lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).Simulations were conducted for both statistically generated hypothetical fractures and a natural dolomite fracture. The effect of increasing roughness on effective hydraulic aperture, Izbash and Forchheimer parameters with increasing Reynolds number(Re) ranging from 0.01 to 500 was examined. The growth of complex flow features, such as eddies arising near the fracture surface, was directly associated with changes in surface roughness. Rapid eddy growth above Re values of 1, followed by less rapid growth at higher Re values, suggested a three-zone nonlinear model for flow in rough fractures. This three-zone model, relating effective hydraulic conductivity to Re, was also found to be appropriate for the simulation of water flow in the natural dolomite fracture. Increasing fracture roughness led to greater eddy volumes and lower effective hydraulic conductivities for the same Re values.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Fracture roughness Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)

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Numerical modelling of flow and transport in rough fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第6期6卷 535-545页

作者： Scott Briggs bryan w.Karney Brent E.Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

Simulation of flow and transport through rough walled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random walk （Rw）, respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and Rwmethod are well suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow, backward facing step and single fracture flow; and the Rwmodel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Solute transport Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) Random walk(Rw)

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Normothermic Ex-vivo Liver Perfusion and the Clinical Implications for Liver Transplantation

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第3期6卷 276-282页

作者： Clifford Akateh Eliza w.Beal bryan A.whitson Sylvester M.Black General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA

Despite significant improvements in outcomes after liver trans-plantation,many patients continue to die on the waiting list,while awaiting an available organ for *** shortage is not only due to an inadequate number of available organs,but also the inability to adequately assess and evaluate these organs prior to *** the last few decades,ex-vivo perfusion of the liver has emerged as a useful technique for both improved organ preservation and assessment of organs prior to *** animal studies have shown the superiority of ex-vivo perfusion over cold static ***,these studies have not,necessa-rily,been translatable to human *** animal studies have been essential in understanding and improving this ***,these results have yet to be translated into clinical use.A few Phase 1 clinical trials have shown promise and confirmed the viability of this ***,more robust studies are needed before ex-vivo liver perfusion can be widely accepted as the new clinical standard of organ ***,we aimed to review al relevant large and smal animal research,as well as human liver studies on normother-mic ex-vivo perfusion,and to identify areas of deficiency and opportunities for future research endeavors.

关键词： Liver Transplantation Ex-vivo perfusion

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Reducing the risk of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea following translabyrinthine surgery of the posterior fossa

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world Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第2期7卷 82-87页

作者： Matthew w.Cooper bryan K.ward Jeffery Sharon Howard w.Francis Department of Head and Neck Surgery Et Communication Sciences Duke University School of Aied/c/neDurhamNCL/SA Department of Otolarynsolosy-Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

Objective:To describe the procedure and results of an adapted closure and recon struction technique for translabyrinthine surgery that focuses on identifying and managing potential pathways for CSF egress to the middle ear and Eustachian ***:Retrospective review of a cohort of translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma cases that were reconstructed using this ***:In addition to meticulous packing of potential conduits using soft tissue,hydroxyapatite cement is used to seal opened air cell tracts prior to obliteration of the mastoid defect using adipose *** results of a small patient cohort using this technique are encouraging and there were no wound *** was a single case of CSF rhinorrhea associated with incomplete sealing of opened petrous apex cells,with no recurrence after appropriate implementation of the described protocol during revision ***:Proactive management of potential conduits of CSF egress including opened air cell tracts has a high likelihood of reducing rates of rhinorrhea and need for revision surgery after the translabyrinthine approach to the posterior fossa.

关键词： Translabyrinthine approach Cerebrospinal fluid leak Rhinorrhea Air cell tract Petrous apex Eustachian tube Hydroxyapatite cement

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INCIPIENT MOTION OF NON-COHESIVE SEDIMENT UNDER ICE COVER-AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第1期20卷 117-124页

作者： wANG Jun SUI Jue-yi KARNEY bryan w. School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British ColumbiaBritish Columbia Canada V2N 4Z9 Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 1A4

Based on a series of experiments under both ice-covered and free surface conditions, the present article discusses the role of flow velocity and critical shear Reynolds number for incipient motion of bed material. The influence of the resistance coefficients of both the underside of the ice cover and the channel bed on the location of the maximum velocity has been discussed. In addition, the impacts of ice and composite resistance coefficients on flow velocity for incipient motion of bed material have been assessed. The diagram describing the critical shear Reynolds number and the dimensionless shear stress for the incipient motion of sediment under ice covered conditions with different under cover resistance coefficient has been established. The effects of grain size on densimetric Froude number for incipient motion of bed material have been investigated. A relationship between the densimetric Froude number for incipient motion of bed material and the median grain size of bed material as well as the roughness coefficient of channel bed and roughness coefficient of ice cover has been established.

关键词： densimetric Froude number grain size ice cover incipient motion resistance coefficient shear Reynolds number,velocity

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