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Rates of generation and growth of the continental crust

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 165-173页

作者： Chris Hawkesworth Peter A.Cawood bruno Dhuime School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University CNRS-UMR 5243 Géosciences Montpellier Université de Montpellier

Models for when and how the continental crust was formed are constrained by estimates in the rates o crustal growth. The record of events preserved in the continental crust is heterogeneous in time with distinctive peaks and troughs of ages for igneous crystallisation, metamorphism, continental margin and mineralisation. For the most part these are global signatures, and the peaks of ages tend to b associated with periods of increased reworking of pre-existing crust, reflected in the Hf isotope ratios o zircons and their elevated oxygen isotope ratios. Increased crustal reworking is attributed to periods o crustal thickening associated with compressional tectonics and the development of supercontinents Magma types similar to those from recent within-plate and subduction related settings appear to hav been generated in different areas at broadly similar times before ~3.0 Ga. It can be difficult to put th results of such detailed case studies into a more global context, but one approach is to consider when plate tectonics became the dominant mechanism involved in the generation of juvenile continental crust The development of crustal growth models for the continental crust are discussed, and a number o models based on different data sets indicate that 65%-70% of the present volume of the continental crus was generated by 3 Ga. Such estimates may represent minimum values, but since ~3 Ga there has been reduction in the rates of growth of the continental crust. This reduction is linked to an increase in th rates at which continental crust is recycled back into the mantle, and not to a reduction in the rates a which continental crust was generated. Plate tectonics results in both the generation of new crust and it destruction along destructive plate margins. Thus, the reduction in the rate of continental crustal growth at ~3 Ga is taken to reflect the period in which plate tectonics became the dominant mechanism b which new continental crust was generated.

关键词： Continental crust growth curves Rates of crustal growth Tectonics

International financialisation,developing countries and the contradictions of privatised Keynesianism

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Economic and Political Studies 2017年第1期5卷 21-40页

作者： bruno Bonizzi Department of Politics and Society University of WinchesterWinchesterUK

This paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of international financialisation on developing *** is generally understood that developing economies are part of the global financialisation process,as exporters of goods to‘debt-led’economies and as recipient of foreign capital *** paper argues that a key process connecting these two aspects has been‘privatised Keynesianism’,the policy regime that sustained financialisation in advanced economies by promoting low interest rates and asset appreciation.A consequence of this regime is to induce pressure on global financial institutions to look for returns and profits in the developing *** a mechanism represents a fundamental connection between the developing countries and financialisation at the global level,beside the spread of financial *** the post-crisis environment,this connection remains strong and has become even more dangerous for developing countries.

关键词： Financialisation privatised Keynesianism financial crisis developing countries

Taxing Digital Economy:A Critical View around the GloBE(Pillar Two)

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2020年第2期15卷 111-141页

作者： bruno da Silva University of Amsterdam AmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam Centre for Tax Law University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1018WB

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)proposal for taxation of digital economy constitutes one of the most ambitious projects in the field of taxation and may lead to the most significant reform to international tax rules in the 20th *** on a two-pillar approach,Pillar Two of the proposal suggests the adoption of Global Anti-Base Erosion(GloBE)provisions that are aimed at introducing a worldwide minimum *** this article,a critical analysis is based that the GloBE proposal suggests that it represents a shift in the OECD *** compared to base erosion and profit shifting(BEPS),it jeopardizes the tax sovereignty of jurisdictions and it raises fundamental challenges of implementation,both in terms of amendments to domestic law and conflicts with tax treaties.

关键词： Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) base erosion and profit shifting(BEPS) digital economy,minimum tax Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion(GloBE) Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income(GILTI) Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax(BEAT) tax treaties

Flow characterization and dilution effects of N_2 and CO_2 on premixed CH_4/air flames in a swirl-stabilized combustor

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第3期23卷 382-395页

作者：韩乐蔡国飙王海兴 Renou bruno Boukhalfa Abdelkrim School of Astronautics Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics UMR 6614 CORIA INSA de Rouen Avenue de l’UniversitèBP08 76801 Saint-Etienne du Rouvray France

Numerically-aided experimental studies are conducted on a swirl-stabilized combustor to investigate the dilution effects on flame stability, flame structure, and pollutant emissions of premixed CH4/air flames. Our goal is to provide a systematic assessment on combustion characteristics in diluted regimes for its application to environmentally-friendly approaches such as biogas combustion and exhanst-gas recirculation technology. Two main diluting species, N2 and CO2, are tested at various dilution rates. The results obtained by means of optical diagnostics show that five main flame regimes can be observed for Nz-diluted flames by changing excess air and dilution rate. CO2-diluted flames follow the same pattern evolution except that all the domains are shifted to lower excess air. Both N2 and CO2 dilution affect the lean blow- out （LBO） limits negatively. This behavior can be counter-balanced by reactant preheating which is able to broaden the flammability domain of the diluted flames. Flame reactivity is degraded by increasing dilution rate. Meanwhile, flames are thickened in the presence of both diluting species. NOx emissions are significantly reduced with dilution and proved to be relevant to flame stability diagrams： slight augmentation in NOx emission profiles is related to transitional flame states where instability occurs. Although dilution results in increase in CO emissions at certain levels, optimal dilution rates can still be proposed to achieve an ideal compromise.

关键词： dilution effect premixed combustion swirl flow optical diagnostics

Perception of Disasters and Land Reclamation in an Informal Settlement on Reclaimed Land:Case of the BASECO Compound,Manila,the Philippines

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 640-654页

作者： Ven Paolo bruno Valenzuela Miguel Esteban Onuki Motoharu Graduate Program in Sustainability Science-Global Leadership Initiative The University of TokyoKashiwaChiba 277-8563Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Waseda UniversityTokyo 169-8555Japan

Southeast Asia's coastal urban areas continue to grow,with land reclamation fast becoming an important option for megacities to address issues of economic growth and increasing population *** are divided over the advantages and disadvantages of land reclamation,though this process continues unabated,exposing settlements to coastal *** Bataan Shipping and Engineering Company(BASECO)compound is an informal settlement on reclaimed land in Manila,the *** informal coastal settlements view disaster risk and their more pressing socioeconomic needs is crucial to understanding the potentials and repercussions of land *** a topographic survey,a questionnaire survey,and the protective action decision model,this study explored the perception of disasters and land reclamation of informal settlers who are living on reclaimed *** study found that people are aware of disaster risks,but are more concerned with everyday *** are divided on the issue of further land *** on the original non-reclaimed land view it as a coastal defense,while those on reclaimed land fear potential *** this,all locations in the community are concerned with the loss of jobs,economic opportunities,and eviction,rather than potential disasters.

关键词： Coastal hazards Flooding Informal settlements Land reclamation Philippines Risk perception Urbanization

Long-term Regional Dynamic Sea Level Changes from CMIP6 Projections

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 157-167页

作者： bruno FERRERO Marcos TONELLI Fernanda MARCELLO Ilana WAINER University of São Paulo São Paulo 05508120Brazil

Anthropogenic climate forcing will cause the global mean sea level to rise over the 21st ***,regional sea level is expected to vary across ocean basins,superimposed by the influence of natural internal climate ***,we address the detection of dynamic sea level(DSL)changes by combining the perspectives of a single and a multimodel ensemble approach(the 50-member CanESM5 and a 27-model ensemble,respectively,all retrieved from the CMIP6 archive),under three CMIP6 projected scenarios:SSP1-2.6,SSP3-7.0 and *** ensemble analysis takes into account four key metrics:signal(S),noise(N),S/N ratio,and time of emergence(ToE).The results from both sets of ensembles agree in the fact that regions with higher S/N(associated with smaller uncertainties)also reflect earlier *** DSL signal is projected to emerge in the Southern Ocean,Southeast Pacific,Northwest Atlantic,and the *** common for both sets of ensemble simulations show that while S progressively increases with increased projected emissions,N,in turn,does not vary substantially among the SSPs,suggesting that uncertainty arising from internal climate variability has little dependence on changes in the magnitude of external *** changes are greater and quite similar for the scenarios SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 and considerably smaller for the SSP1-2.6,highlighting the importance of public policies towards lower emission scenarios and of keeping emissions below a certain threshold.

关键词： dynamic sea level CMIP6 sea level rise signal-to-noise time of emergence

Investigation of bright and dark solitons in α,β-Fermi Pasta Ulam lattice

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 211-219页

作者： Nkeh Oma Nfor Serge bruno Yamgoué Francois Marie Moukam Kakmeni Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College BambiliThe University of BamendaP.O.Box 39Bambili-Cameroon Complex Systems and Theoretical Biology Group Laboratory of Research on Advanced Materials and Nonlinear Science(LaRAMaNS)Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63 Buea-Cameroon

We consider the Hamiltonian ofα,β-Fermi Pasta Ulam lattice and explore the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism to obtain the discrete equation of *** using the continuum limit approximations and incorporating some normalized parameters,the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation is obtained,with solutions that elucidate on the Fermi Pasta Ulam *** further derive the nonlinear Schrodinger amplitude equation from the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation,by exploring the reductive perturbative *** dispersion and nonlinear coefficients of this amplitude equation are functions of theαandβparameters,with theβparameter playing a crucial role in the modulational instability analysis of the ***βgreater than or equal to zero,no modulational instability is observed and only dark solitons are identified in the *** forβless than zero,bright solitons are traced in the lattice for some large values of the *** of numerical simulations of both the Korteweg-de Vries and nonlinear Schr¨odinger amplitude equations with periodic boundary conditions clearly show that the bright solitons conserve their amplitude and shape after collisions.

关键词： Fermi Pasta Ulam paradox bright dark

Abdominal pain related to adulterated opium:An emerging issue in drug addicts

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第5期10卷 95-100页

作者： Maryam Vahabzadeh bruno Megarbane Medical Toxicology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care Lariboisière HospitalParis-Diderot UniversityINSERM UMRS-1144Paris 75010France

Lead may contaminate opium,heroin and illicit opiates and is particularly observed in ***,a natural heavy metal is able to interfere with several organ functions after ingestion or *** poisoning manifestations are non-specific and thus lead poisoning remains difficult to *** the manifestations,abdominal pain is almost the most frequent symptom causing patients to seek medical *** patients with a history of opium addiction presenting with moderate-to-severe abdominal pain,lack of diagnosis of lead toxicity may thus result in time-consuming and unnecessary medical work-ups that can end up in invasive *** paper aims to briefly review abdominal pain as an emergency issue and the leading symptom of lead poisoning that brings most of the patients to healthcare *** published adult cases and case series of opium addicts admitted with abdominal pain due to leadadulterated opium consumption have been reviewed.A trend of increasing numbers of lead poisoning cases has recently emerged among opium addicts in *** to the non-specific manifestations and hazardous effects,psychiatrists and emergency physicians should consider lead poisoning in patients with a past or present history of opium addiction referred for acute abdominal pain,particularly in case of colicky abdominal pain.

关键词： Addiction Opium Lead Poisoning Abdominal pain Toxicity

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in atrophic gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第22期24卷 2373-2380页

作者： Edith Lahner Marilia Carabotti bruno Annibale Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine Sant'Andrea Hospital University Sapienza

Helicobacter pylori(Hp) is a major human pathogen causing chronic, progressive gastric mucosal damage and is linked to gastric atrophy and cancer. Hp-positive individuals constitute the major reservoir for transmission of infection. There is no ideal treatment for Hp. Hp infection is not cured by a single antibiotic, and sometimes, a combined treatment with three or more antibiotics is ineffective. Atrophic gastritis(AG) is a chronic disease whose main features are atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia of the gastric glands, which arise from long-standing Hp infection. AG is reportedly linked to an increased risk for gastric cancer, particularly when extensive intestinal metaplasia is present. Active or past Hp infection may be detected by conventional methods in about two-thirds of AG patients. By immunoblotting of sera against Hp whole-cell protein lysates, a previous exposure to Hp infection is detected in all AG patients. According to guidelines, AG patients with Hp positivity should receive eradication treatment. The goals of treatment are as follows:(1) Cure of infection, resolution of inflammation and normalization of gastric functions;(2) possible reversal of atrophic and metaplastic changes of the gastric mucosa; and(3) prevention of gastric cancer. An ideal antibiotic regimen for Hp should achieve eradication rates of approximately 90%, and complex multidrug regimens are required to reach this goal. Amongst the factors associated with treatment failure are high bacterial load, high gastric acidity, Hp strain, smoking, low compliance, overweight, and increasing antibiotic resistance. AG, when involving the corporal mucosa, is linked to reduced gastric acid secretion. At a non-acidic intra-gastric p H, the efficacy of the common treatment regimens combining proton pump inhibitors with one or more antibiotics may not be the same as that observed in patients with Hp gastritis in an acid-producing stomach. Although the efficacy of these therapeutic regimens has

关键词： Atrophic gastritis Preneoplastic condition Intestinal metaplasia Helicobacter pylori Eradication treatment