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Contribution of Satellite Observations in the Optical and Microphysical Characterization of Aerosols in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 154-171页

作者： Nébon Bado Serge Dimitri Bazyomo Germain Wende Pouiré Ouedraogo bruno korgo Mamadou Simina Dramé Florent P. Kieno Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouaga Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar-Fann Sénégal Institute of Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

In this work, we proceed to an optical and microphysical analysis of the observations reversed by the MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI sensors with the aim of proposing the best-adapted airborne sensor for better monitoring of aerosols in Burkina Faso. To this end, a comparison of AOD between satellite observations and in situ measurements at the Ouagadougou site reveals an underestimation of AERONET AOD except for OMI which overestimates them. Also, an inter-comparison done based on the linear regression line representation shows the correlation between the aerosol models incorporated in the airborne sensor inversion algorithms and the aerosol population probed. This can be seen through the correlation coefficients R which are 0.84, 0.64, 0.55 and 0.054 for MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI respectively. Furthermore, an optical analysis of aerosols in Burkina Faso by the MODIS sensor from 2001 to 2016 indicates a large spatial and temporal variability of particles strongly dominated by desert dust. This is corroborated by the annual and seasonal cycles of the AOD at 550 nm and the Angström coefficient measured in the spectral range between 412 nm and 470 nm. A zoom on a few sites chosen according to the three climatic zones confirms the majority presence of mineral aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are observed in spring and summer.

关键词： AERONET Airborne Sensors Aerosol Optical and Microphysical Properties

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Performance Analysis of a Radial N+/P Silicon Solar Cell in Steady State and Monochromatic Illumination

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2023年第12期13卷 207-217页

作者： Aboubacar Savadogo Bernard Zouma bruno korgo Ramatou Konaté Sie Kam Departement de Physique Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences exactes et appliquées Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In this paper, we investigate theoretically a radial n+/p silicon solar cell in steady state and monochromatic illumination. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of the cell base radius on its electrical parameters. The continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates is established and solved based on Bessel functions and boundaries conditions;this led us to the photovoltage and photocurrent density in the cell. The open circuit voltage and the short circuit current density are then deduced and analyzed considering the base radius. Based on J-V and P-V curves, series and shunt resistances, fill factor and maximum power point are derived and the conversion efficiency of the cell is deduced. We showed that short circuit current density, maximum power, conversion efficiency and shunt resistance decrease with increasing base radius contrary to the open circuit voltage, the fill factor and the series resistance.

关键词： Solar Cell Radial Junction Shunt and Series Resistances Conversion Efficiency

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Impact of the Thicknesses of the p and p+ Regions on the Electrical Parameters of a Bifacial PV Cell

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第2期14卷 133-145页

作者： Ramatou Konate Bernard Zouma Adama Ouedraogo bruno korgo Martial Zoungrana Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques REnouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Département de Physique Unité de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Kaya Burkina Faso

The present paper is about a contribution to the bifacial PV cell performances improvement. The PV cell efficiency is weak compared to the strong energy demand. In this study, the base thickness impacts and the p+ zone size influence are evaluated on the rear face of the polycrystalline back surface field bifacial silicon PV cell. The photocurrent density and photovoltage behaviors versus thickness of these regions are studied. From a three-dimensional grain of the polycrystalline bifacial PV cell, the magneto-transport and continuity equations of excess minority carriers are solved to find the expression of the density of excess minority carriers and the related electrical parameters, such as the photocurrent density, the photovoltage and the electric power for simultaneous illumination on both sides. The photocurrent density, the photovoltage and electric power versus junction dynamic velocity decrease for different thicknesses of base and the p+ region increases for simultaneous illumination on both sides. It is found that the thickness of the p+ region at 0.1 μm and the base size at 100 μm allow reaching the best bifacial PV cell performances. Consequently, it is imperative to consider the reduction in the thickness of the bifacial PV cell for exhibition of better performance. This reduced the costs and increase production speed while increasing conversion efficiency.

关键词： Doped p+ Region Bifacial PV Cell Photocurrent Density Photovoltage Polycrystalline Solar Cell

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Numerical Study of a Cylindro-Parabolic Cooker “Blazing Tube”

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1783-1795页

作者： Boureima Dianda Mibienpan Ki Wende Pouiré Germain Ouédraogo Nébon Bado Sikoudouin Maurice Thierry Ky bruno korgo Sié Kam Dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies University Josph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Higher School of Engineering (ESI) University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso

The objective of this work is to numerically determine the thermal performance of the parabolic cylinder cooker commonly “blazing tube”. These performances were determined by establishing heat balances at the different levels of the system. The equations obtained have been discretized;simplifying assumptions have been made to facilitate their resolution. We adopted Gauss Seidel’s method using MATLAB software to solve these equations. The temperatures of the coolant, the glass and the absorber were determined as a function of time and along the tube. The thermal efficiency was also determined. It emerged that the different temperatures evolve linearly as a function of the length of the tube. Yield and temperatures depend on the amount of sunshine.

关键词： Solar Cooker Heat Transfer Fluid Temperature Yield Sunshine

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Long-Term Behaviour of Temperature in the Lower Atmosphere of Niamey a West African Tropical Station

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 165-176页

作者： Pétronille Kafando bruno korgo Madé Fodé Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Energie Thermique et Renouvelable Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Abdou Moumoumi Niamey Niger

This paper highlights the global warming of the lower atmosphere of West African tropical area using in-situ data. The study is based on the analysis of 500-m interval vertical profiles of radiosonde temperature above Niamey (13.47°N;2.16°E) a sub-Saharan meteorological station. The annual cycle of surface temperatures shows seasonally two peaks located in April/May and in October and two minimum in December/January and August respectively. In the mid-troposphere (between 5 km and 10 km height), time series of monthly mean temperatures from January 2001 to December 2018, shows an annual variability with a slight downward trend of -0.036°C per decade. In the lower stratosphere (25 - 30 km altitude) a cooling of -0.64°C/decade is observed. Temperatures time series also highlight the presence of two breaking points associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. When performing a separation regarding Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) time series, model parameters of the linear regression indicate a tropospheric warming during the neutral and La Niña phases and a stratospheric cooling. The analysis of the lower stratosphere zonal wind highlights different behaviours of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during the neutral and La Niña phases.

关键词： Global Warming West Africa Tropical Troposphere Tropical Lower Stratosphere QBO El Niño La Niña

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Comparative Study of the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Foamed Concrete with Local Materials

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第3期10卷 550-564页

作者： Adelaïde Lareba Ouédraogo Sayouba Kabré Etienne Malbila Abdoulaye Compaoré Ramatou Saré Paul Ilboudo Sié Kam bruno korgo Dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo Florent P. Kieno Philippe Blanchard Département de Physique Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de Physique Laboratoire des Matériaux et Environnement (LAME) Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université de Ouagadougou Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de Physique Université de Fada N’Gourma Fada Burkina Faso Département de Physique Chimie Institut de Recherche sur les Céramiques (IRCER) Limoge France

Living in a habitat with comfort is requested by all. Cinder block bricks have poor thermal properties, leading people to use fan heaters and air conditioners to regain comfort. To overcome this problem of thermal discomfort in buildings, we used lightweight concrete such as foamed concrete which is a material that has improved thermal properties for thermal comfort. In addition, this material was compared with local materials used for the construction of buildings such as BTC, adobe and BLT mixed with binders. The results showed that foamed concrete is a material that has good thermal and mechanical properties compared to local materials mixed with binders. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. The foamed concrete having acceptable thermo-mechanical properties was that having a density of 930 kg/m3. It has a thermal resistance of 0.4 m2·K/W for a thickness of 20 cm. For sunshine on a daily cycle equal to 12 hours, the characteristic thickness achieved by this material is 7.29 cm. It also has a shallow depth of heat diffusion having a lower thickness than other materials. This shows that foamed concrete is a promising material for the construction of buildings.

关键词： Foamed Concrete Thermo-Mechanical Properties Comparison Local Materi-als

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The Radiative Forcing of Aerosols in a West Africa Sahelian Urban City: Case Study of Ouagadougou

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 73-85页

作者： bruno korgo Pétronille Kafando Bernard Zouma Nebon Bado Issa Zerbo Jean-Claude Roger Joseph D. Bathiebo Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energy Department of Physics University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Environmental Physics and Chemistry Department of Physics University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park MD USA

This paper is an assessment of radiative forcing caused by atmospheric aerosols in an urban city in West Africa. It is carried out in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso and is an illustration of the radiative impact in most of the large Sahelian urban cities which are under the same climatic influences and whose populations present similarities in their socio-economic aspects. Using the GAME code, the radiative forcing was calculated at the top of the atmosphere, in the atmospheric layer and at the earth’s surface. The results showed overall a cooling effect at the top of the atmosphere due to the backscattering in space of the incident radiation, a heating in the atmospheric layer due to the absorption effect and a surface cooling justified by the attenuation of radiation crossing the atmosphere. Using monthly average values of optical properties, vertical temperature and humidity profiles, daily temperatures and surface albedo, the simulation yielded forcing values ranging from -6.77 W/m2 to -2.56 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere, from 15.8 W/m2 to 34.7 W/m2 in the atmospheric layer and from -41.00 W/m2 to -21.68 W/m2 at the earth’s surface. In addition, the warming was simulated in the first atmospheric layer (in contact with the surface), and the results show values ranging from 0.8°C to 1.8°C. The study of the annual variability of the results showed a strong correlation between the radiative forcing and the seasonal succession characteristic of the climate in West Africa with the extreme values in the month of March (characteristic of the dry and hot season) and in the month of August (characteristic of the rainy season).

关键词： Aerosols Radiative Forcing Scattering Absorption GAME Code AERONET

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Diurnal Variability of the Radiative Impact of Atmospheric Aerosols in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A Seasonal Approach

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第12期11卷 1089-1102页

作者： bruno korgo Bernard Zouma Pétronille Kafando Nebon Bado Martial Zoungrana Issa Zerbo Jean-Claude Roger Joseph D. Bathiebo Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energy Department of Physics University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Environmental Physics and Chemistry Department of Physics University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University of Maryland Department of Geographical Sciences College Park USA

The objective of this work is to study the diurnal evolution of the radiative impact of atmospheric aerosols in an urban city located in the West African Sahel and the correlations with the main influencing factors of local climate dynamics. The simulation was performed using a treatment chain including the GAME code. In the methodology, the atmosphere is modeled by 33 plane parallel layers and the effects of absorption, multiple scattering by particles and gas are taken account. An hour-by-hour calculation of radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, in the atmospheric layer and at the earth’s surface was performed. The data used as input are the monthly averages of optical properties, radiosonde measurements, daily synoptic measurements and surface albedo. The results show a parabolic diurnal course of a negative radiative impact at the top of the atmosphere with an extremum at 12 o'clock. Maximum cooling is observed shortly after sunrise and shortly after sunset. The largest annual deviations are noted between the months of March and December with respective maximum cooling values of -34 W/m2 and -15.60 W/m2. On the earth’s surface, a cooling impact is observed with two diurnal peaks at sunrise and sunset, the greatest difference between the diurnal maximums is noted between March (-104.45 W/m2) and August (-54 W/m2). In the atmospheric layer, there is almost constant diurnal warming between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. The maximum difference between the diurnal extremes is also noted between March (about 85 W/m2) and August (35 W/m2). Likewise, the study of the diurnal warming of the first atmospheric layer showed the extreme values in March (5.6°C) and August (2.4°C), these maximum values being always observed at around 12 o’clock. An analysis of similar works carried out in urban cities in various locations of the world has shown a relatively good accordance with the values obtained. This stu

关键词： AERONET Optical Properties Radiative Forcing Harmattan Monsoon Sahara Desert

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Intra-Seasonal and Annual Variation of Aerosols and Their Radiative Impact in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第1期9卷 62-74页

作者： Bado Nébon Mamadou Simina Dramé Saidou Moustapha Sall korgo bruno Demba Ndao Niang Kieno P. Florent Bathiebo Dieudonné Joseph Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal

This paper deals with the characterization of aerosols in the Sahelian zone, particularly in Burkina Faso based on MODIS observations and in situ measurements of the AERONET network on the Ouagadougou site (12.2°N, 1.4°W). Thus, a seasonal spatial distribution of aerosols made over the period from 2001 to 2016 gives a very great variability of aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are encountered in Spring, characterized by winds from the North East. This seasonality of aerosols is also shown by the annual cycles of optical, radiative and microphysical parameters measured by AERONET between 1999 and 2006. Moreover, an analysis of these parameters shows the prevalence of mineral dusts characterized by low values of the Angstrom coefficient (α440-870 0.9) and the cooling noticed in the bottom of atmosphere (BOA) and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Also, the climatology of the volume size distribution of aerosols shows a very great variability of particles in terms of size influenced by the thin and coarse pattern where most sizes are between 1 and 10 μm.

关键词： Aerosol AERONET MODIS Microphysical and Optical Properties Radiative Forcing

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Climatological Analysis of Aerosols Optical Properties by Airborne Sensors and in Situ Measurements in West Africa: Case of the Sahelian Zone

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2019年第4期8卷 118-135页

作者： Nébon Bado Adama Ouédraogo Hassime Guengané Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice Ky Serge Dimitri Bazyomo bruno korgo Mamadou Simina Dramé Saidou Moustapha Sall Florent P. Kieno Dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar-Fann Sénégal Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-K) Kaya Burkina Faso Institute of Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

This paper deals with the climatology of aerosols in West Africa based on satellite and in situ measurements between 2001 and 2016 and covers four sites in the Sahelian zone. There are indeed Banizoumbou (13.541°N, 02.665°E), Cinzana (13.278°N, 05.934°W), Dakar (14.394°N, 16.959°W) and Ouagadougou (12.20°N, 1.40°W) located respectively in Niger, Mali, Senegal and Burkina Faso. Thus, an intercomparison between the satellite observations and the in situ measurements shows a good correlation between MODIS and AERONET with a correlation coefficient R = 0.86 at Cinzana, R = 0.85 at Banizounbou, R = 0.84 at Ouagadougou and a low correlation coefficient R = 0.66 calculated on the Dakar site. Like MODIS, SeaWiFS shows a very good correspondence with measurements of the ground photometer especially for Banizoumbou (R = 0.89), Cinzana (R = 0.88) and Dakar (R = 0.75) followed by a low correlation coefficient calculated on the Ouagadougou site (R = 0.64). The performance of these airborne sensors is also corroborated by the calculation of root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE). Following this validation, a climatological analysis based on aerosol optical depth (AOD) shows the seasonality of aerosols in West Africa strongly influenced by the climate dynamics illustrated by the MERRA model reanalysis. This seasonal spatial distribution of aerosols justifies the temporal variability of the particles observed at the different sites in the Sahel. In addition, a combined analysis of AOD and Angstrom coefficient indicates the aerosol period in the Sahel in spring (March-April-May) and summer (June-July-August). However, these aerosols are strongly dominated by desert dust whose main sources are located north in the Sahara and Sahel.

关键词： West-Africa Aerosols Airborne Sensors Aeronet MERRA Model

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