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Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis:Is it time to personalize it?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第33期27卷 5536-5554页

作者： Coskun Ozer Demirtas Maurizia Rossana brunetto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Marmara UniversitySchool of MedicineIstanbul 34854Turkey Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University Hospital of PisaPisa 56125Italy Hepatology Unit University Hospital of PisaPisa 56125Italy Biostructure and Bio-imaging Institute National Research Council of ItalyNaples 56125Italy

Surveillance with abdominal ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein is recommended by clinical practice guidelines for patients who are considered to be at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),including those with cirrhosis,advanced fibrosis and special subgroups of chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Application of the standard surveillance strategy to all patients with chronic liver disease(CLD)with or without cirrhosis imposes major sustainability and economic burdens on healthcare ***,a number of HCC risk scores were constructed,mainly from Asian cohorts,to stratify the HCC prediction in patients with ***,even if less than for CHB,a few scoring systems were developed for chronic hepatitis C patients or cirrhotic patients with CLD of different ***,a few newsworthy HCC-risk algorithms were developed for patients with cirrhosis using the combination of serologic HCC markers and clinical ***,the HCC risk stratification appears at hand by several validated multiple score systems,but their optimal performance is obtained only in populations who show highly homogenous clinic-pathologic,epidemiologic,etiologic and therapeutic characteristics and this limitation poses a major drawback to their sustainable use in clinical practice.A better understanding of the dynamic process driving the progression from CLD to HCC derived from studies based on molecular approaches and genetics,epigenetics and liquid biopsy will enable the identification of new biomarkers to define the individual risk of HCC in the near future,with the possibility to achieve a real and cost/effective personalization of surveillance.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Surveillance Chronic viral hepatitis Risk score Risk-stratification Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus

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Bio-mathematical models of viral dynamics to tailor antiviral therapy in chronic viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第5期15卷 531-537页

作者： Maurizia Rossana brunetto Piero Colombatto Ferruccio Bonino UO Epatologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana 56100 Pisa Italy Direzione Scientifica Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli and Regina Elena di Milano 20122 Milano Italy

The simulation of the dynamics of viral infections by mathematical equations has been applied successfully to the study of viral infections during antiviral therapy. Standard models applied to viral hepatitis describe the viral load decline in the f irst 2-4 wk of antiviral therapy, but do not adequately simulate the dynamics of viral infection for the following period. The hypothesis of a constant clearance rate of the infected cells provides an unrealistic estimation of the time necessary to reach the control or the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/ hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To overcome the problem, we have developed a new multiphasic model in which the immune system activity is modulated by a negative feedback caused by the infected cells reduction, and alanine aminotransferase kinetics serve as a surrogate marker of infected-cell clearance. By this approach, we can compute the dynamics of infected cells during the whole treatment course, and find a good correlation between the number of infected cells at the end of therapy and the long-term virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The new model successfully describes the HBV infection dynamics far beyond the third month of antiviral therapy under the assumption that the sum of infected and non-infected cells remains roughly constant during therapy, and both target and infected cells concur in the hepatocyte turnover. In clinical practice, these new models will allow the development of simulators of treatment response that will be used as an "automatic pilot" for tailoring antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B as well as chronic hepatitis C patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Bio-mathematical models Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Viral dynamics

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An innovative bio-engineering retaining structure for supporting unstable soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第2期9卷 247-259页

作者： Gianluca Bella Monica Barbero Fabrizio Barpi Mauro Borri-brunetto Daniele Peila DISEG Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy DIATI Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy

The paper presents a new prefabricated bio-engineering structure for the support of unstable *** prefabricated structure is made of a steel frame which is completely filled with soil and a face made of tree trunks among which scions or autochthonous bushes are *** to the difficulties in interpreting the complex interaction between soil and structure during the installation and lifetime,an in situ test was carried out in order to evaluate the state of stress in the steel frame and to understand the global behavior of the structure under service *** the basis of the obtained results,a procedure for checking the structure safety was proposed and *** easy design method was developed during the ***,the use of this type of prefabricated structure shows several advantages,such as good performances in terms of stabilizing effects,and easy assembly and transport.

关键词： Bio-engineering Test site Landslide Live cribwall Unstable soil

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Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 4999-5018页

作者： Eleni Rebelos Patricia Iozzo Maria Angela Guzzardi Maurizia Rossana brunetto Ferruccio Bonino Turku PET Centre University of TurkuTurku 20500Finland Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research CouncilPisa 56124Italy Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Pisa University HospitalPisa 56121Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of PisaPisa 56121Italy Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging National Research CouncilNapoli 80145Italy

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly named“nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major causes of death,such as cardio-vascular,digestive,metabolic,neoplastic and neuro-degenerative ***,progression of MAFLD and its associated systemic complications occur almost invariably in patients who experience the additional burden of intrahepatic and/or systemic inflammation,which acts as disease *** review is focused on the new knowledge about the brain-gut-liver axis in the context of metabolic dysregulations associated with fatty liver,where insulin resistance has been assumed to play an important *** emphasis has been given to digital imaging studies and in particular to positron emission tomography,as it represents a unique opportunity for the noninvasive in vivo study of tissue *** exhaustive revision of targeted animal models is also provided in order to clarify what the available preclinical evidence suggests for the causal interactions between fatty liver,dysregulated endogenous glucose production and insulin resistance.

关键词： Metabolic associated fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Endogenous glucose production Insulin resistance Steatohepatitis Inflammation

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Liver stiffness in the hepatitis B virus carrier:A non-invasive marker of liver disease influenced by the pattern of transaminases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第40期14卷 6154-6162页

作者： Filippo Oliveri Barbara Coco Pietro Ciccorossi Piero Colombatto Veronica Romagnoli Beatrice Cherubini Ferruccio Bonino Maurizia Rossana brunetto UO Epatologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana Università di Pisa Pisaand Direzione Scientifica della Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

AIM： To investigate the usefulness of transient elastography by Fibroscan （FS）, a rapid non-invasive technique to evaluate liver fibrosis, in the management of chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） carriers. METHODS： In 297 consecutive HBV carriers, we studied the correlation between liver stiffness （LS）, stage of liver disease and other factors potentially influencing FS measurements. In 87 chronic hepatitis B （CriB） patients, we monitored the FS variations according to the spontaneous or treatment-induced variations of biochemical activity during follow-up. RESULTS： FS values were 12.3 ± 3.3 kPa in acute hepatitis, 10.3 ± 8.8 kPa in chronic hepatitis, 4.3 ± 1.0 kPa in inactive carriers and 4.6 ± 1.2 kPa in blood donors. We identified the cut-offs of 7.5 and 11.8 kPa for the diagnosis of fibrosis ≥S3 and cirrhosis respectively, showing 93.9% and 86.5% sensitivity, 88.5% and 96.3% specificity, 76.7% and 86.7% positive predictive value （PPV）, 97.3% and 96.3% negative predictive value （NPV） and 90.1% and 94.2% diagnostic accuracy. At multivariate analysis in 171 untreated carriers, fibrosis stage （t = 13.187,P 〈 0.001）, active vs inactive HBV infection （t = 6.437, P 〈 0.001）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）（t = 4.740, P 〈 0.001） and HBV-DNA levels （t = -2.046, P = 0.042） were independently associated with FS. Necroinflammation score （t = 2.158, 〉 10/18 vs ≤ 10/18, P = 0.035） and ALT levels （t = 3.566, P =0.001） were independently associated with LS in 83 untreated patients without cirrhosis and long-term biochemical remission （t = 4.662, P 〈 0.001） in 80 treated patients. During FS monitoring （mean followup 19.9 ± 7.1 mo） FS values paralleled those of ALT in patients with hepatitis exacerbation （with 1.2 to 4.4-fold increases in Crib patients） and showed a progressive decrease during antiviral therapy. CONCLUSION： FS is a non-invasive tool to monitor liver disease in chronic HBV carriers, provided that the pattern of biochemical activity is taken into account. In the inacti

关键词： Liver elastography Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis Hepatitis B virus Chronic hepatitis B

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3-Phase hierarchical graphene-based epoxy nanocomposite laminates for automotive applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第10期35卷 2169-2177页

作者： Ahmed Elmarakbi Panagiotis Karagiannidis Alessandra Ciappa Franco Innocente Francesco Galise brunetto Martorana Francesco Bertocchi Francesco Cristiano Elvira Villaro Abalos Julio Gomez Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleNE18STUnited Kingdom School of Engineering Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of SunderlandSunderlandSR6 ODDUnited Kingdom Delta-Tech S.pA. localita Rifoglieto 60/a-int.155011AltopascioLUItaly Fiat Research Center via ex Aeroporto80038 Pomigliano d'ArcoNaplesItaly Nanesa srl.Via Del Gavardello 59/c 52100 ArezzoARItaly Instituto de Tecnologfas Quimicas Emergences de La Rioja Antonio de Nebrija826006 LogronoSpain Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L Avda.Lentiscares 4-626370 NavarreteSpain

Two different types of graphene flakes were produced following solution processing methods and dispersed using shear mixing in a bifunctional(A) and a multifunctional(B) epoxy resin at a concentration of 0.8 and 0.6 wt%, respectively. The graphene/epoxy resin mixtures were used to impregnate unidirectional carbon fibre tapes. These prepregs were stacked(seven plies) and cured to produce *** interlaminar fracture toughness(mode-I) of the carbon fiber/graphene epoxy laminates with resin B showed over 56% improvement compared with the laminate without graphene. Single lap joints were prepared using the laminates as adherents and polyurethane adhesives(Sika 7666 and Sika 7888). The addition of graphene improved considerably the adhesion strength from 3.3 to 21 MPa(sample prepared with resin A and Sika 7888) highlighting the potential of graphene as a secondary filler in carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites.

关键词： Graphene Carbon fibre reinforced polymer(CFRP) Fracture toughness Shear lap joints

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Transmission FTIR derivative spectroscopy for estimation of furosemide in raw material and tablet dosage form

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第5期4卷 376-383页

作者： Máximo Gallignani Rebeca A.Rondón JoséF.Ovalles María R.brunetto Laboratorio de Espectroscopia Molecular Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de Los AndesMérida 5101-AVenezuela Departamento de Análisis y Control Facultad de Farmacia y BioanálisisUniversidad de Los AndesMérida 5101-AVenezuela

A Fourier transform infrared derivative spectroscopy(FTIR-DS)method has been developed for determining furosemide(FUR)in pharmaceutical solid dosage *** method involves the extraction of FUR from tablets with N,N-dimethylformamide by sonication and direct measurement in liquid phase mode using a reduced path length *** general,the spectra were measured in transmission mode and the equipment was configured to collect a spectrum at 4 cm^(-1) resolution and a 13 s collection time(10 scans co-added).The spectra were collected between 1400 cm^(-1) and 450 cm^(-1).Derivative spectroscopy was used for data processing and quantitative measurement using the peak area of the second order spectrum of the major spectral band found at 1165 cm^(-1)(SO_(2) stretching of FUR)with baseline *** method fulfilled most validation requirements in the 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL range,with a 0.9998 coefficient of determination obtained by simple calibration model,and a general coefficient of variation <2%.The mean recovery for the proposed assay method resulted within the(100±3)%over the 80%–120% range of the target *** results agree with a pharmacopoeial method and,therefore,could be considered interchangeable.

关键词： FTIR Derivative spectroscopy Furosemide Frusemide Pharmaceutical analysis

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Chemical speciation of copper and manganese in solution of a copper-contaminated soil and young grapevine growth with amendment application

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 496-507页

作者： Daniela Basso FACCO Edicarla TRENTIN Gerson Laerson DRESCHER Rodrigo Knevitz HAMMERSCHMITT Carlos Alberto CERETTA Leandro Souza DA SILVA Gustavo brunetto Paulo Ademar Avelar FERREIRA Department of Soil Science Federal University of Santa MariaSanta Maria 97105-900(Brazil) University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Arkansas 72704(USA) Federal University of Santa Maria Campus Cachoeira do SulCachoeira do Sul 96506-310(Brazil)

Copper(Cu)-based fungicide application to control foliar diseases in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)can increase soil Cu *** soils have high natural Cu and manganese(Mn)concentrations,increasing the potential for toxicity to grapevine *** of amendment substances can reduce the concentrations of toxic chemical species of Cu and Mn in soil solution,especially for the soils grown with young *** evaluated the chemical speciation of Cu and Mn in soil solution and young grapevine growth using a contaminated soil with amendment *** seedlings of Paulsen 1103rootstock were grown for 12 months on an old vineyard(>30 years of cultivation)soil without(control)and with vermicompost or limestone *** dry matter,root morphological characteristics,and plant tissue Cu and Mn concentrations were *** cation and anion concentrations,dissolved organic carbon,p H,and chemical speciation of Cu and Mn in soil solution from different soil layers were *** application did not reduce Cu and Mn phytotoxicity,and grapevine plants died after winter *** soluble Mn concentration in soil(5.56 mg L-1in 0–45 cm soil layer)and Mn concentration in plant tissue at pruning(380.8 mg kg-1)might be the primary cause of plant *** application reduced Cu2+and Mn2+chemical species in soil solution,thereby increasing plant *** Cu2+and Mn2+species were negatively correlated(P<0.05)with grapevine shoot production at pruning(r=-0.92 and-0.97,respectively)and at the end of the trial(r=-0.73 and-0.51,respectively).Limestone application increased grapevine shoot and root dry matter production by 36%and 41%,respectively,while also presenting the highest root length and volume in the 5–10 cm soil *** application is a viable and profitable alternative for reducing soil Cu and Mn availability and their phytotoxic effects.

关键词： bioavailability heavy metal limestone phytoxicity vermicompost vineyard Visual MINTEQ

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Reagent-free determination of amikacin content in amikacin sulfate injections by FTIR derivative spectroscopy in a continuous flow system

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第2期4卷 125-131页

作者： José F.Ovalles Máximo Gallignani María R.brunetto Rebeca A.Rondón Carlos Ayala Departamento de Análisis y Control Facultad de Farmacia y BioanálisisUniversidad de Los AndesMérida 5101AVenezuela Laboratorio de Espectroscopia Molecular Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de Los AndesMérida 5101AVenezuela

The quantitative estimation of amikacin （AMK） in AMK sulfate injection samples is reported using FTIR-derivative spectrometric method in a continuous flow system. Fourier transform of mid-IR spectra were recorded without any sample pretreatment. A good linear calibration （r40.999, %RSDo 2.0） in the range of 7.7-77.0 mg/mL was found. The results showed a good correlation with the manufacturer＇s and overall they all fell within acceptable limits of most pharmacopoeial monographs on AMK sulfate.

关键词： Amikacin FlrIR derivative spectro-metry Continuous flow system Pharmaceuticalpreparation Injection Sulfate

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Morphological,physiological and biochemical traits of Cordia trichotoma under phosphorous application and a water-retaining polymer

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 855-865页

作者： Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti Maristela Machado Araujo Luciane Almeri Tabaldi Felipe Turchetto Suelen Carpenedo Aimi Daniele Guarienti Rorato Carina Marchezan Adriana Maria Griebeler Felipe Manzoni Barbosa Gustavo brunetto Department of Forest Science Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil Department of Soil Science Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil Biology Departament Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil

The application of phosphorus(P)and a waterretaining polymer to the soil can increase the availability of P for Cordia trichotoma,having a positive effect on the *** objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics of *** plants were cultivated in a red argisol and treated with 120,240 and 360 kg P2O5 ha^(−1)and no phosphorous addition as a control,in the presence(5 g L^(−1)per seedling)and absence of a water-retaining *** months after planting,survival,height,stem diameter,shoot and root dry matter,leaf area,photosynthetic pigment concentration,chlorophyll a fluorescence,acid phosphatase enzyme activity(APase)and P in tissues and soil were *** polymer had no effect on survival and the other *** addition of P increased growth,dry matter production,photosynthetic pigment concentrations,the use of light energy and maximum quantum yield of photosystem *** cultivated in soil with 240 kg P2O5 ha^(−1)application had 4.7 and 5.4 times more shoot and root dry matter,respectively,than control *** dosage also showed 52.1%greater photochemical energy use than the control *** cultivated without the addition of P showed higher activity of the APase enzyme.

关键词： Fluorescence Louro-Pardo Morphological traits Phosphate nutrition Photosynthetic apparatus

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