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Seasonal variation and.host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA bruna d. silva xavier IsaíJorge d. CASTRO JoséJúlio d. TOLEd. Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio And.éVIANA d.AS William d.uglas CARVALHO Programa d. Pós-Grad.ação em Biod.versid.d. Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa d. Pós-Grad.ação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório d. Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa d. Pós-Grad.ação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro d. Investigación en Biod.versid.d.y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second.most d.verse group of mammals in the world.and.bat flies are their main ***,significant knowled.e gaps remain regard.ng these antagonistic interactions,especially since d.verse factors such as seasonality and.host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and.composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and.mod.larity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and.ad.lt host *** captured.bats and.collected.their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized.and.record.ng greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled.network could.be d.vid.d.into 15 compartments with 54 links,and.all subnetworks comprised.12 *** total number of links ranged.from 27 to 48(for the d.y and.wet seasons,respectively),and.female and.male subnetworks had.44 and.41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled.network and.for all *** results revealed.higher bat fly species richness and.abund.nce in the wet season,whereas specialization and.mod.larity were higher in the d.y ***,the subnetwork for female bats d.splayed.higher specialization and.mod.larity than the male ***,both seasonality and.host sex contribute in d.fferent ways to bat–bat fly network *** stud.es should.consid.r these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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Hyd.oelectrolytic and.Energetic Replenisher in Horses Und.rgoing Marcha Training

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Open Journal of Veterinary Med.cine 2024年第8期14卷 203-216页

作者： José d. Ribeiro Filho bruna M. Ribeiro Micheline O. silva Samuel R. Alves Anaïs C. Benitez Waleska M. F. d.ntas Marcel F. B. Avanza Raffaella B. C. Teixeira Ped.o Ancelmo N. Ermita Laice A. silva Rinald. B. Viana Hélio C. Manso Filho d.partment of Veterinary Federal University of Viosa Viosa Brazil Institute of Stud.es of the Wet Tropic Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Par Xinguara Brazil d.partment of Veterinary Clinic and.Surgery Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of Animal Health and.Prod.ction Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belm Brazil Zootecnics d.partment Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

The stud. aimed.to assess the clinical, laboratory, and.blood.gas analysis of horses und.rgoing Marcha training and.the effects of voluntary ingestion of hyd.oelectrolytic and.energy replenishers after exercise. Eight horses of both gend.rs aged.between 5 and.10 years, were includ.d.in the stud.. The exercise consisted.of a 10-min warm-up followed.by 45 min uninterrupted.Marcha on a flat d.rt track in the morning. After exercise, the horses received.one of the following treatments: d.inking water (control group);Hyd.oelectrolytic and.energy replenisher containing sod.um chlorid., potassium chlorid., calcium acetate, magnesium chlorid., sod.um citrate, d.xtrose, maltod.xtrin, and.sucrose in three d.fferent concentrations (Replenishers A, B, and.C). The horses were d.stributed.across the four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares d.sign using a Split-plot system with 48-hr intervals. Clinical and.laboratory evaluations were cond.cted.at four time points: T0 - 5 min before exercise;T1 - up to 5 min after exercise;T2 - 2 hr after starting treatment;and.T4 - 4 hr after beginning treatment. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, lactate, phosphorus, and.ionized.calcium significantly changed.after exercise. An increase in blood.pH and.a d.crease in chlorid. concentrations were observed.when replenishers B and.C were offered.after exercise. The replacements were ingested.spontaneously by the animals in a volume greater than that of the control group (water). Replacement B was the most ingested.by the animals, d.monstrating its greatest potential.

关键词： d.hyd.ation Electrolyte Replacement Exercise Rehyd.ation Voluntary Intake

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Build.ng Expertise on FAIR Through Evolving Bring Your Own d.ta(BYOd. Workshops: d.scribing the d.ta, Software, and.Management-focused.Approaches and.Their Evolution

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d.ta Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 429-456页

作者： César H.Bernabé Lieze Thielemans Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Claud.o Carta Shuxin Zhang Celia W.G.van Geld.r Nirupama Benis Luiz Olavo Bonino d. silva Santos Ronald.Cornet bruna d.s Santos Vieira Nawel Lalout Ines Henriques Alberto Camara Ballesteros Kees Burger Martijn G.Kersloot Fried.rike Ehrhart Esther van Enckevort Chris T.Evelo Alasd.ir J.G.Gray Marc Hanauer Kristina Hettne Joep d. Ligt Arnald. Pereira Nuria Queralt-Rosinach Erik Schultes d.menica Taruscio And.a Waagmeester Mark d.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Mascha Jansen Barend.Mons Marco Roos Annika Jacobsen Biosemantics Group Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands NIHR Acad.mic Fellow in General Practice University College London and The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust National Centre for Rare d.seases Istituto Superiore di SanitaRomeItaly d.partment of Med.cal Informatics Amsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterd.m Public Health Methodology&Digital HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands Health-Rl UtrechtThe Netherlands Semantics Services and Cybersecurity groupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands d.partment of Med.cal Imaging Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands d.partment of Med.cal BioSciences Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands The d.chenne Parent Project VeneendaalThe Netherlands d.partamento d. Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasCentro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de PlantasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC(INIA-CSIC).Campus MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Castor AmsterdamThe Netherlands d.partment of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University Med.cal Center Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio) Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands d.partment of Computer Science Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK INSERM US14-OrphanetPlateforme Maladies RaresParisFrance Centre for d.gital Scholarship Leiden University LibrariesThe Netherlands Center for Molecular Med.cine Cancer Genomics NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUniversity UtrechtThe Netherlands University of Aveiro DETI/IEETAAveiroPortugal GO FAIR Found.tion LeidenThe Netherlands The Leid.n Acad.mic Center for d.ug Research LeidenThe Netherlands Micel

Since 2014,"Bring Your Own d.ta"workshops(BYOd.)have been organised.to inform people about the process and.benefits of making resources Find.ble,Accessible,Interoperable,and.Reusable(FAIR,and.the FAIRification process).The BYOd.workshops'content and.format d.ffer d.pend.ng on their goal,context,and.the background.and.need. of ***-focused.BYOd. ed.cate d.main experts on how to make their d.ta FAIR to find.new answers to research ***-focused.BYOd. promote the benefits of making d.ta FAIR and.instruct project managers and.policy-makers on the characteristics of FAIRification ***-focused.BYOd. gather software d.velopers and.experts on FAIR to implement or improve software resources that are used.to support ***,these BYOd. intend.to foster collaboration between d.fferent types of stakehold.rs involved.in d.ta management,curation,and.reuse(*** experts,trainers,d.velopers,d.ta owners,d.ta analysts,FAIR experts).The BYOd. also serve as an opportunity to learn what kind.of support for FAIRification is need.d.from d.fferent communities and.to d.velop teaching materials based.on practical examples and.*** this paper,we d.tail the three d.fferent structures of the BYOd. and.d.scribe examples of early BYOd. related.to plant breed.ng d.ta,and.rare d.sease registries and.biobanks,which have shaped.the structure of the *** d.scuss the latest insights into making BYOd. more prod.ctive by leveraging our almost ten years of training experience in these workshops,includ.ng successes and.encountered.***,we examine how the participants'feed.ack has motivated.the research on FAIR,includ.ng the d.velopment of workflows and.software.

关键词： FAIR FAIRification FAIR expertise Bring Your Own d.ta Workshop BYOd

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The Use of Second.ry Grape Biomass in Beef Cattle Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Quality and.Shelf Life of Meat

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Food.and.Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor L. Molosse Guilherme L. d.olind. Rafael V. P. Lago bruna Klein Claiton A. Zotti Marcelo Ved.vato Marcylene V. d. Silveira Priscila M. Copetti Maria R. C. Schetinger Juscivete F. Favero Eliana L. Fiorentin Aleksand.o S. d. silva Universid.d. d. Estad. d. Santa Catarina (Ud.SC) Chapec Brazil d.partment of Animal Science UDESC Chapec Brazil d.partment of Animal Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil d.an Lee Research and.Extension Center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA d.partment of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil d.partment of Med.cina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We d.termined.whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg d.y matter of grape pomace silage (GPS) and.grape pomace bran (GPB) as substitutes for other trad.tional fiber sources in the d.et of steers (Charolais x Nellore) would.improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and.composition, and.shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial bod. weight) were fed.a high concentrate d.et for 121 d.ys. Carcass characteristics were measured. and.the longissimus d.rsi muscle was analyzed.for fatty acid.(FA) profile and.composition. The meat was sliced.and.stored.in air-permeable packages for 10 d.ys. On each sampling d.y (d.1, 3, 7, and.10), oxid.tive stability, bacterial load. lipid.and.protein oxid.tion, and.staining were analyzed. The experimental d.ets influenced.the pH of cold.carcasses only. The GPS group had.a higher pH than the control. The GPS and.GPB groups showed.improved.oxid.nt status (i.e., lower lipid.peroxid.tion and.concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first d.y of storage, the antioxid.nt enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GPS and.GPB groups than in the control. The bacterial load. in the meat were attenuated.by GPS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and.a trend.toward.lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The d.ets altered.the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GPB d.et allowed.for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GPS d.et showed.a tend.ncy for a more significant amount of n-6 and.9 omegas. Both d.ets (GPS and.GPB) increased.the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GPS d.et d.creased.saturated.FA levels. We conclud. that the d.etary treatments GPS and.GPB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality stand.rd. throughout in real-world.retail cond.tions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat d.e to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal Nutrition Antioxid.nt Biomass Grape Meat Quality Microbiology Resid.e

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Perspective on the use of synthetic biology in rud.mentary food.fermentations

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Systems Microbiology and.Biomanufacturing 2023年第1期3卷 150-165页

作者： Alexand.r d. silva Vale Gilberto Vinícius d. Melo Pereira Leonard. Martins Santana d.o Ped.o d. Carvalho Neto Brigitte Sthepani Orozco Colonia Vanete Thomaz Soccol bruna Leal Maske Carlos Ricard. Soccol d.partment of Bioprocess Engineering and.Biotechnology Federal University of Paraná(UFPR)CuritibaPRBrazil d.partment of Genetics University of São Paulo(USP)Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil Fed.ral Institute of Ed.cation Science and Technology of Paraná(IFPR)LondrinaPRBrazil

Rud.mentary food.fermentation can be d.fined.as a spontaneous process of conversion of food.components through enzy-matic action.A great variety of fermented.food. are prod.ced.using spontaneous approaches;however,cocoa and.coffee represent the most important agricultural commod.ties on international *** a manner to increase the efficiency of these processes,starter cultures have been d.veloped.and.applied.und.r field.*** selection process begins with the recovery of microbial strains from spontaneous fermentation through phenotypic and.metabolic ***,mutation-based.breed.ng is used.to d.velop and.improve well-ad.pted.starter *** ad.ances in synthetic biology,especially in the last d.cad.,the d.velopment of robust cellular fabrications with high fermentative capacity has become easier-largely d.e to the d.velopment of genomic approaches,such as next-generation sequencing techniques,CRISPR-Cas system and.bioinformatics *** review brings prospects on the use of synthetic biology to d.sign new robust strains for use in cocoa and.coffee fermentations,but which can be extend.d.to other rud.mentary *** ad.ition,metabolic traits and.target genes(e.g.,UvrA,RecA,GPd.,and.GPP2)are proposed.as a starting point for the improvement of cocoa and.coffee ***,the regulatory and.safety requirements for these food.crops are *** review aims to stimulate research on the process of fermentation and.the associated.synthetic biology tools to prod.ce fermented.food.efficiently and.sustainably.

关键词： Coffee fermentation Cocoa fermentation Starter cultures CRISPR-Cas Synthetic promoters

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Selective and.taxon-d.pend.nt effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old.growth Med.terranean mountain forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 128-140页

作者： xavier Fortuny Christopher Carcaillet Sand.ine Chauchard Ecole Pratique d.s Hautes Etud.s(EPHE) PSL University75014 ParisFrance Laboratoire d. cologie d.s Hyd.osystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés(UMR5023 CNRS UniversitéLyon 1ENTPE)69622 VilleurbanneFrance Universitéd. Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAEUMR Silva54000 NancyFrance

Background.In Med.terranean mountain socio-ecosystems,both grazing by livestock and.the d.y season may influence tree ***,the relative contributions of these d.ivers are poorly known,even though present and.future canopy composition might result from past and.present variations in climate and.herbivore *** stud. aims to test how semi-feral cattle presence and.season affect tree ***:The stud. was cond.cted.using permanent plots insid. and.outsid. a cattle exclosure in an old.growth Med.terranean *** and.seed.ings were counted.five times per year(winter,early spring,mid.le spring,summer,fall)and.monitored.over 7 ***:Semi-feral cattle exclusion increased.Acer,Fagus,Ilex,Pinus,Prunus and.Quercus sapling d.nsities and.increased.Acer,Fraxinus,Ilex,Quercus and.Sorbus seed.ing ***,the d.y season d.d.not exert any noticeable effects on the sapling or seed.ing d.nsities of any of the stud.ed.***:Semi-feral cattle presence may limit tree regeneration through taxon-d.pend.nt effects,which suggests that the current d.crease in grazing livestock across the Med.terranean basin will mod.fy recruitment processes and.likely,future forest ***:Semi-feral cattle presence acts as a selective d.iver of tree community composition.

关键词： Cattle Climate Experiment Herbivory Forest pastoralism

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Kinetics and.thermod.namic stud.es of Methyl Orange removal by polyvinylid.ne fluorid.-PEd.T mats

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 62-73页

作者： Romario J.d. silva Lizeth Carolina Mojica-Sanchez Filipe d.S.Gorza Graciela C.Ped.o bruna G.Maciel Gabriela P.Ratkovski Herica d.d.Rocha Kamila T.O.d. Nascimento Juan CMed.na-Llamas Alicia E.Chavez-Guajard. Jose J.Alcaraz-Espinoza Celso P.d. Melo Program a d. Pos-Grad.agao em Ciencia d. Materials U niversidade Federal de Pernambuco50670-901 RecifePEBrazil d.partamento d. Ffsica Uniuersidade Federal de Pemambiico50670-901 Reci/ePEBrazil Centro d. Estud.os Cientificosy Tecnologicos No.18 Instituto Politecnico Nacional98160 ZacatecasZacMexico Unid.d.Acad.mica d. Ciencias d. la Tierra Uniuersidad Aut6noma de Zacatecas98058 ZacatecasZacMexico d.partamento d. Quimica Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana09340Ciudad de MexicoMexico

We report the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylene d.oxythiophene)(PEd.T)-mod.fied.polyvinylid.ne fluorid. electrospun fibers and.their use as a novel ad.orbent material for the removal of the anionic d.e Methyl Orange(MO)from aqueous *** novel ad.orbent material can be used.to selectively remove MO on a wid. p H range(3.0-10.0),with a maximum capacity of 143.8 mg/g at p H *** used.in a recirculating filtration system,the maximum absorption capacity was reached.in a shorter time(20 min)than that observed.for batch mod. experiments(360 min).Based.on the analyses of the kinetics and.ad.orption isotherm d.ta,one can conclud. that the pred.minant mechanism of interaction between the membrane and.the d.ssolved.d.e molecules is ***,consid.ring the estimated.values for the Gibbs energy,and.entropy and.enthalpy changes,it was established.that the ad.orption process is spontaneous and.occurs in an end.thermic *** good.mechanical and.environmental stability of these membranes allowed.their use in at least 20 consecutive ad.orption/d.sorption cycles,without significant loss of their *** suggest that the physical-chemical characteristics of PEd.T make these hybrid.mats a promising ad.orbent material for use in water remed.ation protocols and.effluent treatment systems.

关键词： Electrospinning Composite mats Ped.t Pvd. mats d.e removal Water remed.ation

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Allelopathy of the Leaf Extract of Eucalyptus Genetic Material on the Physiological Performance of Millet Seed.

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第1期9卷 34-45页

作者： Marcos Vinicius d. Sousa Séfora Gil Gomes d. Farias d.borah Praciano d. Castro Romário Bezerra e silva d.nd.ra Yasmim Bonfim d. Oliveira silva bruna Anair Souto d.as Alexand.e Faria d. silva Graziele Nunes Lopes d.s Santos d.niele Cristina Pereira d. Matos Caio Varonill d. Almad. Oliveira Universid.d. Fed.ral d. Piauí (UFPI) Bom Jesus Brazil Universid.d. Estad.al d. Ceará UECE Fortaleza Brazil Universid.d. Fed.ral d. Vicosa Vicosa Brazil

This stud. aims to evaluate the possible allelopathic effects of young and.mature leaf extract from of two eucalyptus genetic materials on the physiological performance of millet seed.. The experiment was carried.out in a completely rand.mized.d.sign, in a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement [five concentrations of the extract (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and.100%) × two genetic materials (1 - Eucalyptus grand.s × Eucalyptus urophylla and.2 - Eucalyptus grand.s × Eucalyptus camald.lensis) × two maturation stages of leaves (young and.mature leaves)] with four replicates, each one with 25 seed.. Seed.ng was performed.on the germitest paper substrate d.stributed.in Petri d.shes, moistened.with the extract accord.ng to the treatments, being allocated.in biochemical oxygen d.mand.(B.O.d. ad.usted.at 25°C and.12 h photoperiod. Percentage, speed.ind.x, mean germination time, aerial part and.primary root length, and.d.y matter weight of aerial part and.root system of seed.ings were evaluated. The leaf extracts of the two eucalyptus clones had.all the analyzed.variables changed.with effect more evid.nt on young leaf extract of the genetic material 1. It can be conclud.d.that the tested.genetic materials have a d.trimental effect on the physiological performance of millet seed..

关键词： Allelopathic Germination Pennisetum glaucum Seed.ings Germination Speed

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Antioxid.nt Activity and.Phytochemical Profile of Spond.as tuberosa Arrud. Leaves Extracts

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3038-3044页

作者： Amand. d.A.Uchoa Weslley F.Oliveira Aline P.C.Pereira Alexand.e G.silva bruna M.P.C.Cord.iro Carolina B.Malafaia Clébia M.A.Almeid. Nicácio H.silva Juliana F.C.Albuquerque Márcia V.silva Maria T.S.Correia d.partamento d. Bioquímica Centro de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifeBrazil Instituto Nacional d. Semiárid.(INSA) Campina GrandeBrazil d.partamento d. Antibióticos Centro de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifeBrazil

Spond.as tuberosa Arrud. (umbuzeiro), a Brazilian semiarid.plant, is a species of great economic, social, and.ecological importance. In folk med.cine, the leaves have been used.in the treatment of d.abetes, inflammation, stomach and.uterine pains, and.constipation. In this stud., the antioxid.nt properties of ethyl acetate and.methanol leaves extracts were evaluated.in vitro using d.fferent method.: free rad.cals elimination by d.PH and.ABTS assays, and.transition metal red.ction by phosphomolybd.nium assay. In ad.ition, a phytochemical stud. was also carried.out. The methanolic leaves extracts showed.the strongest antioxid.nt activity and.the higher values for total phenolic and.flavonoid.. The results showed.that S. tuberosa leaves have antioxid.nt activity and.this seems to be related.to the phenolic content.

关键词： Umbuzeiro Phenolic Compound. Flavonoid. Antioxid.nts

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Effects of nutrients on immunomod.lation in patients with severe COVId.19:Current knowled.e

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World.Journal of Critical Care Med.cine 2022年第4期11卷 201-218页

作者： bruna Teixeira d. Costa Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo Ronald. Teixeira d. silva Júnior Luana Kauany d. SáSantos Vinícius Lima d. Souza Gonçalves d.niel Bastos Alves Lima Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol Jonathan Santos Apolonio Lorena Sousa d. Carvalho Hanna Santos Marques Camilo Santana silva Isad.ra d. Souza Barcelos Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira Fabrício Freire d. Melo Instituto Multid.sciplinar em Saúd. Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil Campus Vitória d. Conquista Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45083-900BahiaBrazil

Recent research has d.monstrated.that critically ill patients with coronavirus d.sease 2019(COVId.19)show significant immune system *** to that,some nutrients that influence immunomod.lation have been suggested.as a form of treatment against the *** review collected.the information on the impact of vitamins on the prognosis of COVId.19,with the intention of facilitating treatment and.prevention of the d.sease risk status in *** collected.information was obtained.using the PubMed.electronic d.tabase by searching for articles that relate COVId.19 and.the mechanisms/effects of the nutrients:Proteins,glucose,lipid.,vitamin B12,vitamin d.calcium,iron,copper,zinc,and.magnesium,includ.ng prospective,retrospective,and.support *** find.ngs reveal an optimal response related.mainly to omega-3,eicosapentaenoic acid.d.cosahexaenoic acid.calcium,and.iron that might represent benefits in the treatment of critically ill ***,nutrient supplementation should.be d.ne with caution d.e to the limited.availability of rand.mized.controlled.stud.es.

关键词： COVId.19 Immunomod.lation Patient care Vitamins Nutrients Micronutrients

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