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Commentary on “Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 vari-ants in Henan, China”

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 850-851页

作者： bruce l gilliam Robert R REDFIElD Richard Y ZHAO Robert C GAllO Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21201 USA Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21201 USA Department of Microbiology-Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21201 USA .Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA

Critical to the implementation and scale-up of successful antiretroviral therapy worldwide is an understanding of the effcacy, toxicitie and durability of antiretroviral regimens in the specific populations, which the... 详细信息

关键词： HIV Commentary on Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 vari-ants in Henan

New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy

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Bone Research 2017年第3期5卷 161-176页

作者： bruce W Hollis Carol l Wagner Department of Pediatrics Darby Children's Research Institute Medical University of South Carolina

Pregnancy represents a dynamic period with physical and physiological changes in both the mother and her developing fetus. The dramatic 2-3 fold increase in the active hormone 1,25（OH）2D concentrations during the early weeks of pregnancy despite minimal increased calcium demands during that time of gestation and which are sustained throughout pregnancy in both the mother and fetus suggests an immunomodulatory role in preventing fetal rejection by the mother. While there have been numerous observational studies that support the premise of vitamin D＇s role in maintaining maternal and fetal well-being, until recently, there have been few randomized clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation. One has to exhibit caution, however, even with RCTs, whose results can be problematic when analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis and when there is high non-adherence to protocol （as if often the case）, thereby diluting the potential good or harm of a given treatment at higher doses. As such, a biomarker of a drug or in this case ＂vitamin＂ or pre-prohormone is better served. For these reasons, the effect of vitamin D therapies using the biomarker circulating 25（OH）D is a far better indicator of true ＂effect.＂ When pregnancy outcomes are analyzed using the biomarker 25（OH）D instead of treatment dose, there are notable differences in maternal and fetal outcomes across diverse racial/ethnic groups, with improved health in those women who attain a circulating 25（OH）D concentration of at least 100 nmol. l-1 （40 ng. ml-1）. Because ,an important issue is the timing or initiation of vitamin D treatment/supplementation, and given the potential effect of vitamin D on placental gene expression and its effects on inflammation within the placenta, it appears crucial to start vitamin D treatment before placentation （and trophoblast invasion）; however, this question remains unanswered. Additional work is needed to decipher the vitamin D requirements of pregnant women and the optimal timing of s

关键词： New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy

Propulsive matrix of a helical flagellum

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 51-56页

作者：张何朋刘斌 bruce Rodenborn Harry l.Swinney Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Natural Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of California Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear Dynamics University of Texas at Austin

We study the propulsion matrix of bacterial flagella numerically using slender body theory and the regularized Stokeslet method in a biologically relevant parameter regime. All three independent elements of the matrix are measured by computing propulsive force and torque generated by a rotating flagellum, and the drag force on a translating flagellum. Nu- merical results are compared with the predictions of resistive force theory, which is often used to interpret micro-organism propulsion. Neglecting hydrodynamic interactions between different parts of a flagellum in resistive force theory leads to both qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between the theoretical prediction of resistive force theory and the numerical results. We improve the original theory by empirically incorporating the effects of hydrodynamic interactions and propose new expressions for propulsive matrix elements that are accurate over the parameter regime explored.

关键词： low-Reynolds-number flows micro-organism dynamics bacterial swimming

In memory of Perry l. McCarty, seminal founder of Environmental Biotechnology

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第10期17卷 171-173页

作者： bruce E.Rittmann Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5701USA

Perry *** passed away on June 4,at the age of *** was a revered leader in Environmental Engineering and *** *** passed away peacefully and with his family on June 4,*** was a world leader in Environmental Engineering,with special emphasis on Environmental Biotechnology,in which we form partnerships with microbial communities that provide services to make human society more sustainable.I was one of Perry’s ***,and we worked together on research,service,and publishing throughout my career.I have deep and personal knowledge of how Perry and his students developed the fundamental principles that have allowed Environmental Biotechnology to flourish and advance humans’sustainability.

关键词： peace allowed passed

A Dominant Allele of Arabidopsis Pectin-Binding Wall-Associated Kinase Induces a Stress Response Suppressed by MPK6 but Not MPK3 Mutations

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 841-851页

作者： bruce D. Kohorn Susan l. Kohorn Tanya Todorova Gillian Baptiste Kevin Stansky Meghan McCullough Department of Biology Bowdoin College ME 04011 USA

The plant cell wall is composed of a matrix of cellulose fibers, flexible pectin polymers, and an array of as- sorted carbohydrates and proteins. The receptor-like Wall-Associated Kinases （WAKs） of Arabidopsis bind pectin in the wall, and are necessary both for cell expansion during development and for a response to pathogens and wounding. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases （MPKs） form a major signaling link between cell surface receptors and both transcrip- tional and enzyme regulation in eukaryotes, and Arabidopsis MPK6 and MPK3 indeed have important roles in develop- ment and the response to stress and pathogens. A dominant allele of WAK2 requires kinase activity and activates a stress response that includes an increased ROS accumulation and the up-regulation of numerous genes involved in pathogen resistance, wounding, and cell wall biogenesis. This dominant allele requires a functional pectin binding and kinase domain, indicating that it is engaged in a WAK signaling pathway. A null mutant of the major plasma membrane ROS-producing enzyme complex, rbohd/f does not suppress the WAK2cTAP-induced phenotype. A mpk6, but not a mpk3, null allele is able to suppress the effects of this dominant WAK2 mutation, thus distinguishing MPK3 and MPK6, whose activity previously was thought to be redundant. Pectin activation of gene expression is abated in a wak2-null, but is tempered by the WAK-dominant allele that induces elevated basal stress-related transcript levels. The results suggest a mechanism in which changes to the cell wall can lead to a large change in cellular responses and help to explain how pathogens and wounding can have general effects on growth.

关键词： Wall Associated Kinases MPK3 MPK6 pectin oligogalacturonides.

Novel Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat Variants Detected Through the Use of Massively Parallel Sequencing

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第4期13卷 250-257页

作者： David H.Warshauer Jennifer D.Churchill Nicole Novroski Jonathan l.King bruce Budowle Institute of Applied Genetics Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) King Abdulaziz University

Massively parallel sequencing （MPS） technology is capable of determining the sizes of short tandem repeat （STR） alleles as well as their individual nueleotide sequences. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） within the repeat regions of STRs and variations in the pattern of repeat units in a given repeat motif can be used to differentiate alleles of the same length. In this study, MPS was used to sequence 28 forensically-relevant Y-chromosome STRs in a set of 41 DNA samples from the 3 major U.S. population groups （African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics）. The resulting sequence data, which were analyzed with STRait Razor v2.0, revealed 37 unique allele sequence variants that have not been previously reported. Of these, 19 sequences were variations of documented sequences resulting from the presence of intra-repeat SNPs or alternative repeat unit patterns. Despite a limited sampling, two of the most frequently-observed variants were found only in African American samples. The remaining 18 variants represented allele sequences for which there were no published data with which to compare. These findings illustrate the great potential of MPS with regard to increasing the resolving power of STR typing and emphasize the need for sample population characterization of STR alleles.

关键词： Y-STR Sequence polymorphism Allele variants Massively parallel sequencing Nextera STRait Razor

Effects of land-use types and the exotic species,Hypochaeris radicata,on plant diversity in human-transformed landscapes of the biosphere reserve,Jeju Island,Korea

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 685-693页

作者： Deokjoo Son bruce Waldman Uhram Song College of Education Department of Science Education Dankook UniversityGyeonggi-do16890Republic of Korea Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Biology Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

land-use and plant invasion influence *** the effects of land-use types and invasive plants on the ecosystem is crucial for better management and the development of strategic plans for increasing biodiversity in Jeju Island,Korea,a designated Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations Education,Scientific,and Cultural *** effect of the most dominant invasive exotic species,Hypochaeris radicata,on the four land-use types of Jeju Island was *** composition,soil characteristics,and plant diversity among four land-use types(cropland,green space,neglected land,and residential)were *** the land-use types,croplands had the most diverse plant composition and the highest richness in exotic and native plant ***,such as tangerine orchards,which are widely distributed throughout Jeju Island,showed the highest plant diversity because of medium intensity disturbance caused by weed *** relative cover of *** did not differ between land-use ***,*** invasion was negatively related with plant species richness,making this invasive species a threat to the biodiversity of native herbs present in land-use *** adapts to areas with a broad range of soil properties and a variety of land-use ***,it is crucial to monitor land-use types and patterns of plant invasion to guide the implementation of consistent management and conservation strategies for maintaining ecosystem integrity of the transformed habitat in Jeju Island.

关键词： Biosphere reserve Cropland Invasive exotic plant Plant richness Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

PROBING THE IMPACT OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON THE METABOlIC STATE OF NEURAl STEM AND PRECURSOR CEllS USING DUAl-WAVElENGTH INTRINSIC SIGNAl TWO-PHOTON EXCITED FlUORESCENCE

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第3期4卷 289-300页

作者： TATIANA B.KRASIEVA ERICH GIEDZINSKI KATHERINE TRAN MARY lAN CHARlES l.lIMOlI bruce J.TROMBERG laser Microbeam and Medical Program Beckman laser Institute University of California Irvine1002 Health Sciences Road EastIrvineCA 92612USA Department of Radiation Oncology University of California IrvineCalifornia 92697USA

Two-photon excitedfluorescence(TPEF)spectroscopy and imaging were used to investigate the effects of gamma-irradiation on neural stem and precursor cells(NSPCs).While the observed signal from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)was localized to the mitochondria,the signal typically associated with oxidizedflavoproteins(Fp)was distributed diffusely throughout the *** measured TPEF emission and excitation spectra were similar to the established spectra of NAD(P)H and *** intensity was markedly increased by addition of the electron transport chain(ETC)modulator menadione to the medium,along with a concomitant decrease in the NAD(P)H ***-dimensional(3D)neurospheres were imaged to obtain the cellular metabolic index(CMI),calculated as the ratio of Fp to NAD(P)Hfluorescence *** effects were found to differ between low-dose(50 cGy)and high-dose(50 cGy)***-dose irradiation caused a marked drop in CMI values accompanied by increased cellular *** higher doses,both NAD(P)H and Fp signals increased,leading to an overall elevation in CMI *** underscore the complex relationship between radiation dose,metabolic state,and proliferation status in NSPCs and highlight the ability of TPEF spectroscopy and imaging to characterize metabolism in 3D spheroids.

关键词： Multiphoton microscopy cellular metabolic index gamma radiation brain tumors NAD(P)H flavoproteins

liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds:Current progress,challenges,and opportunities

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第10期40卷 280-305页

作者： Kamal H.Hussein Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada Julio Cisneros Correa Ahmer Sultan Silvana Wilken bruce Amiot Scott l.Nyberg Department of Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States William J.von liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States Department of Surgery Anesthesiologyand RadiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt

liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver ***,the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting *** liver bioengineering,an emerging field of tissue engineering,holds great potential to overcome this *** approach involves two main steps;the first is liver decellularization and the second is *** decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ,leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary *** involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells,theoretically from the recipient patient,to reconstruct the parenchyma,vascular tree,and biliary *** aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver,including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices,the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques,selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation,vascular,and biliary tree *** vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered ***,the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also *** these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Bioengineered liver Decellularization Recellularization Reendothelialization Biliary reconstruction