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脑损伤后N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸肽酶抑制的神经保护

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中华神经外科杂志 2009年第10期25卷 937-940页

作者：钟春龙江基尧罗其中赵学仁 bruce g.lyeth 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经外科 200127 美围加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校神经外科

目的探索颅脑损伤后N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸（NAAg）肽酶抑制的神经保护效应。方法将20只SD大鼠随机分成4组后制作中度液压颅脑损伤模型。伤后3个时间点（即时，8h，16h）分别经腹腔注射新型NAAg肽酶抑制剂ZJ-43（各组剂量：0，50，100，1... 详细信息

目的探索颅脑损伤后N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸（NAAg）肽酶抑制的神经保护效应。方法将20只SD大鼠随机分成4组后制作中度液压颅脑损伤模型。伤后3个时间点（即时，8h，16h）分别经腹腔注射新型NAAg肽酶抑制剂ZJ-43（各组剂量：0，50，100，150mg／kg）。伤后24h处死动物取脑组织行Fluoro—Jade B组织荧光染色以及gFAP免疫组化染色。通过立体细胞计数着重观察大鼠海马CA2／3区退变神经元及正常胶质细胞的数量变化。结果，ZJ-43能显著减少颅脑损伤后的神经元退变（P〈0．01），其中小剂量处理组（50mg／kg）保护作用最佳，还能同时显著减少颅脑损伤后的胶质细胞丢失（P〈0.05）。结论阻断NAAg肽酶活性能有效放大内源性递质NAAg的神经保护作用，从而阻断谷氨酸兴奋毒性的病理进程，有望成为治疗颅脑损伤的新策略。

关键词：颅脑损伤 N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸谷氨酸兴奋毒性神经保护

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急性硬膜下血肿动物模型的制备

第二军医大学学报 2001年第8期22卷 702-702,710页

作者：姜正武卢亦成 bruce g.lyeth 第二军医大学长征医院神经外科上海200003 Division of Neurosurgery Medical College of VirginiaVirginia Commonwealth University

急性硬膜下血肿(ASDH)临床较常见,发病率和致死率高,危害大.但长期以来,一直缺乏一种稳定的、模拟性好的ASDH动物模型.国外20世纪90年代后,制备了一种新的ASDH动物模型,将动物自身血在短期内注入硬脑膜下腔,引起颅内压急剧升高,其模拟... 详细信息

急性硬膜下血肿(ASDH)临床较常见,发病率和致死率高,危害大.但长期以来,一直缺乏一种稳定的、模拟性好的ASDH动物模型.国外20世纪90年代后,制备了一种新的ASDH动物模型,将动物自身血在短期内注入硬脑膜下腔,引起颅内压急剧升高,其模拟性和稳定性均较好.该模型不伴有脑挫裂伤及轴索损伤等临床颅脑损伤中常伴发的病理损害,因而可更好地单独观察由颅内血肿引起的病理改变.我们参照此方法对该模型进行了研究,现介绍如下.

关键词：颅脑损伤急性硬膜下血肿动物模型 ASDH

Batteries for wearables

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National Science Review 2023年第1期10卷 9-11页

作者： Lie Wang Ye Zhang Peter g.bruce National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Departments of Materials and Chemistry University of Oxford

Batteries that convert the stored chemical energy directly into electricity have been known for hundreds of *** the lithium-ion battery as representative because of its high energy-conversion efficiency and long cycle *** is widely used as a power accessory for electronic devices and has become an important part of modern electronics.

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A numerical optimization of high altitude testing facility for wind tunnel experiments

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第3期28卷 636-648页

作者： J.bruce Ralphin Rose g.R.Jinu C.J.Brindha Department of Aeronautical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of EngineeringNagercoil Department of Aeronautical Engineering The Raajas Engineering College

Abstract High altitude test facilities are required to test the high area ratio nozzles operating at the upper stages of rocket in the nozzle full flow conditions. It is typically achieved by creating the ambient pressure equal or less than the nozzle exit pressure. On average, air/gN2 is used as active gas for ejector system that is stored in the high pressure cylinders. The wind tunnel facilities are used for conducting aerodynamic simulation experiments at/under various flow velocities and operating conditions. However, constructing both of these facilities require more laboratory space and expensive instruments. Because of this demerit, a novel scheme is implemented for conducting wind tunnel experiments by using the existing infrastructure available in the high altitude testing （HAT） facility. This article presents the details about the methods implemented for suitably modifying the sub-scale HAT facility to conduct wind tunnel experiments. Hence, the design of nozzle for required area ratio A/A＊, realization of test section and the optimized configuration are focused in the present analysis. Specific insights into various rocket models including high thrust cryogenic engines and their holding mechanisms to conduct wind tunnel experiments in the HAT facility are analyzed. A detailed CFD analysis is done to propose this conversion without affecting the existing functional requirements of the HAT facility.

关键词： CFD Enclosed free-jet section ground testing High altitude testing (HAT)facility Optimization

NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF DEEP TISSUE TEMPERATURE CHANgES CAUSED BY APOPTOSIS DURINg BREAST CANCER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY:A CASE STUDY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 361-372页

作者： SO HYUN CHUNg RITA MEHTA bruce J.TROMBERg A.g.YODH Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 S.33rd StPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Medicine UC Irvine Healthcare 101 The City Drive SouthOrangeCA 92868USA Beckman Laser Institute Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine1002 Health Sciences Rd IrvineCA 92612USA

Treatment-induced apoptosis of cancer cells is one goal of cancer ***,more heat is generated by mitochondria during apoptosis,especially the uncoupled apoptotic state,^(1,2) compared to the resting *** this case study,we explore these thermal effects by longitudinally measuring temperature variations in a breast lesion of a pathological complete responder during neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging(DOSI)was employed to derive absolute deep tissue temperature using subtle spectral features of the water peak at 975 nm.^(3)A significant temperature increase was observed in time windows during the anthracycline and cyclophosphamide(AC)regimen but not in the paclitaxel and bevacizumab *** concentration changes generally did not follow temperature,suggesting the measured temperature increases were likely due to mitochondrial uncoupling rather than a direct vascular effect.A simultaneous increase of tissue oxygen saturation with temperature was observed,suggesting that oxidative stress also contributes to *** preliminary,this study indicates longitudinal DOSI tissue temperature monitoring provides information that can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of tissue response during NAC.

关键词： Deep tissue temperature Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging apoptosis neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer Bound Water Index NIR water absorption spectrum

Multidisciplinary approach for patients with esophageal cancer

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6737-6746页

作者： Victoria M Villaflor Marco E Allaix bruce Minsky Fernando A Herbella Marco g Patti Department of Medicine Section Hematology/Oncology University of Chicago Medicine Department of Surgery University of Chicago Medicine Radiation Oncology University of Chicago Medicine

Patients with esophageal cancer have a poor prognosis because they often have no symptoms until their disease is advanced. There are no screening recommendations for patients unless they have Barrett's esophagitis or a significant family history of this disease. Often, esophageal cancer is not diagnosed until patients present with dysphagia, odynophagia, anemia or weight loss. When symptoms occur, the stage is often stage Ⅲ or greater. Treatment of patients with very early stage disease is fairly straight forward using only local treatment with surgical resection or endoscopic mucosal resection. The treatment of patients who have locally advanced esophageal cancer is more complex and controversial. Despite multiple trials, treatment recommendations are still unclear due to conflicting data. Sadly, much of our data is difficult to interpret due to many of the trials done have included very heterogeneous groups of patients both histologically as well as anatomically. Additionally, studies have been underpowered or stopped early due to poor accrual. In the United States, concurrent chemoradiotherapy prior to surgical resection has been accepted by many as standard of care in the locally advanced patient. Patients who have metastatic disease are treated palliatively. The aim of this article is to describe the multidisciplinary approach used by an established team at a single high volume center for esophageal cancer, and to review the literature which guides our treatment recommendations.

关键词： Esophageal Cancer Multimodality therapy Multidisciplinary therapy Chemoradiotherapy Esophageal resection Esophagectomy

Experimental and numerical analysis of compressible two-phase flows in a shock tube

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2015年第3期6卷 35-53页

作者： J.bruce Ralphin Rose S.Dhanalakshmi g.R.Jinu Department of Aeronautical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Tirunelveli 627007 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Tirunelveli 627007 India Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering Nagercoil 629004 India

The comparative study on seven equation models with two different six equations modelfor compressible two-phase flow analysis is proposed. The seven equations model isderived for compressible two-phase flow that is in the nonconservation form. In thepresent work, two different six equations model are derived for two pressures, two velocities and single temperature with the derivation of the equation of state. The closingequation for one of the six equations model is energy conservation equation while anotherone is closed by entropy balance equation. The partial differential form of governingequations is hyperbolic and written in the conservative form. At this point, the set ofgoverning equations are derived based on the principle of extended *** method of solving single temperature from both six equation models are simple anddirect solution can be obtained. Numerical simulation has been tried using one of the sixequation models for air–water shock tube problems. Explicit fourth order Runge–Kuttascheme is used with Finite Volume Shock Capturing method for solving the governingequations numerically. The pressure, velocity and volume fraction variations are captured along the shock tube length through flow solver. Experimental work is carried outto magnify the initial stage of liquid injection into a gas. The outcome of six equationsmodel for compressible two-phase flow has revealed the multi-phase flow characteristicsthat are similar to the actual conditions.

关键词： Two-phase flows shock tubes Runge–Kutta scheme six equation models entropy balance

Physician approaches to drug shortages: Results of a national survey of pediatric hematologist/oncologists

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第4期8卷 336-342页

作者： Jill C Beck Baojiang Chen bruce g gordon Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center

AIM To evaluate personnel involved in scarce drug prioritization and distribution and the criteria used to inform drug distribution during times of shortage among pediatric hematologists/oncologists. METHODS Using the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology(ASPHO) membership list, a 20 question survey of pediatric hematologists/oncologists was conducted via email to evaluate personnel involved in scarce drug prioritization and distribution and criteria used to inform scarce drug distribution. RESULTS Nearly 65% of the 191 study respondents had patients directly affected by drug shortages. Most physicians find out about shortages from the pharmacist(n = 179, 98%) or other doctors(n = 75, 41%). One third of respondents do not know if there is a program or policy for handling drug shortages at their institution. The pharmacist was the most commonly cited decision maker for shortage drug distribution(n = 128, 70%), followed by physicians(n = 109, 60%). One fourth of respondents did not know who makes decisions about shortage drug distribution at their institution. The highest priority criterion among respondents was use of the shortage drug for curative, rather than palliative intent and lowest priority criterion was order of arrival or first-come *** Despite pediatric hematology/oncology physicians and patients being heavily impacted by drug shortages, institutional processes for handling shortages are lacking. There is significant disparity between how decisions for distribution of shortage drugs are currently made and how study respondents felt those decisions should be made. An institution-based, and more importantly, a societalapproach to drug shortages is necessary to reconcile these disparities.

关键词： Pediatric hematology/oncology Chemotherapy Ethics

Nanostructured TiO2(B):the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 235-244页

作者： Zheng Liu Yuri g.Andreev A.Robert Armstrong Sergio Brutti Yu Ren Peter g.bruce School of Chemistry and EaStChem University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife KY16 9STUK Dipartimento di Scienze Unversità della BasilicataV.le Ateneo Lucano 10Potenza 85100Italy National Institute of Clean-and-low-carbon Energy(NICE) Future Science& Technology CityChangping

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,***-ion batteries,that employ such ***2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent *** offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized ***,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and ***,to date these materials have not be compared in one *** the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical *** TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.

关键词： TiO2(B) Synthesis Anode Nanostructure Li-ion batteries