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Prophylaxis with intraocular pressure lowering medication and glaucomatous progression in patients receiving intravitreal anti-VeGF therapy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2022年第10期15卷 1611-1618页

作者： Jeanette Du James T Patrie Xiao-Yu Cai bruce e Prum Yevgeniy Shildkrot New York eye and ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai 310 East 14 StreetNew YorkNY 10003USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of VirginiaP.0.Box 800717CharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA Department of Ophthalmology University of Virginia School of Medicine1300 Jefferson Park AveCharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA

AIM: To investigate whether pretreatment with pressurelowering medication prior to anti-vascular endothelial factor(VeGF) injections had an effect on glaucomatous progression in patients with preexisting glaucoma or ocular hypertension(OHT).MeTHODS: A total of 66 eyes from 54 patients with a preexisting diagnosis of glaucoma or OHT, treated with six or more anti-VeGF injections were selected for chart review. Primary outcome measures were rate of visual field loss in d B/year, rate of change in retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness in microns/year, and need for additional glaucoma ***: The number of eyes requiring additional glaucoma medication was 5 of 20(25.0%) and 14 of 46(30.4%) for the pretreated and non-pretreated groups, respectively. The number of eyes requiring glaucoma laser or surgery was 4 of 20(20.0%) and 13 of 46(28.3%) for the pretreated and non-pretreated groups, respectively. estimated mean rate of pattern standard deviation decline was not significant in either group(P>0.073), with no difference between groups(P=0.332). Although both groups showed significant RNFL change from baseline(Perence was detected between groups(P=0.467).CONCLUSION: Pretreatment has no detectable effect on structural or functional glaucomatous progression. Patients receiving repeated injections may be at risk for glaucomatous complications requiring invasive intervention.

关键词： anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy pretreatment glaucomatous progression

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Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 677-692页

作者： Randall e Harris bruce C Casto Zachary M Harris The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States College of Medicine and College of Public Health Center of Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Health The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States

Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following:(1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis;(2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis(mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin e2(PGe-2) biosynthesis;(3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGe-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis;(4) extrahe-patic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and(5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive overexpression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".

关键词： Breast Cancer Cyclooxygenase-2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Inflammogenesis estrogen Aromatase

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A new alternative approach for investigating acidization dissolution front propagation in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 1197-1210页

作者： ZHAO ChongBin HOBBS bruce ORD Alison Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South University School of earth and environment The University of Western Australia

The natural phenomenon associated with the chemical dissolution of dissolvable minerals of rocks can be employed to develop innovative technology in mining and oil extracting engineering. This paper presents a new alternative approach for theoretically dealing with chemical dissolution front （CDF） propagation in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks. Note that the CDF is represented by the porosity front in this study. In this new approach, the porosity, pore-fluid velocity and acid concentration are directly used as independent variables. To illustrate how to use the present new approach, an aeidization dissolution system （ADS） consisting of carbonate rocks, which belongs to one of the many general chemical dissolution systems （CDSs）, is taken as an application example. When the acid dissolution capacity （ADC） number （that is defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid） approaches zero, the present new approach can be used to obtain analytical solutions for the stable ADS. However, if the ADC number is a nonzero finite number, then numerical solutions can be only obtained for the ADS, especially when the ADS is in an unstable state. The related theoretical results have demonstrated that：（1） When the ADS is in a stable state and in the case of the ADC number approaching zero, the present new approach is mathematically equivalent to the previous approach, in which the porosity, pore-fluid pressure and acid concentration are used as independent variables. However, when the ADS is in an unstable state, the use of the present new approach leads to a free parameter that needs to be determined by some other ways. （2） The existence of a non-step-type dissolution front within a transient region should at least satisfy that none of the ADC number, injected acid velocity and reciprocal of the dissolution reaction rate is equal to zero in the stable ADS.

关键词： acidization dissolution front propagation critical length alternative approach critical time carbonate rocks

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A unified theory for sharp dissolution front propagation inchemical dissolution of fluid-saturated porous rocks

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第1期62卷 163-174页

作者： ZHAO ChongBin HOBBS bruce ORD Alison Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South University School of earth and environment The University of Western Australia

This paper presents a unified theory to deal with when, why and how a sharp acidization dissolution front(ADF), which is represented by the porosity distribution curve, can take place in an acidization dissolution system composed of fluid-saturated porous rocks. The theory contains the following main points:(1) A reaction rate of infinity alone can lead to a sharp ADF of the Stefan-type in the acidization dissolution system. This sharp front is unstable when permeability in the downstream region is smaller than that in the upstream region.(2) For a finite reaction rate, when the acid dissolution capacity number approaches zero,the ADF can have a sharp profile of the Stefan-type either on a much smaller time scale or on a much larger time scale than the dissolution time scale. In the former case, the ADF may become unstable on a much larger time scale than the transport time scale, while in the latter case, it may become unstable if the growth rate of a small perturbation is greater than zero.(3) On the dissolution time scale, even if both the reaction rate is finite and the acid dissolution capacity number approaches zero, the profile of an ADF may not be sharp because it is in a transient state. In this case, not only can an ADF change its profile with time, but also its morphology can grow if the growth rate of a small perturbation is greater than zero. Due to the involvement of both the change rate and the growth rate of the ADF profile, it is necessary to conduct a transient linear stability analysis for determining whether or not a time-dependent ADF is stable in the acidization dissolution system.

关键词： sharp dissolution front stationary/steady state transient state acid dissolution capacity acidization dissolution porous rocks

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effects of porosity heterogeneity on chemical dissolution-front instability in fluid-saturated rocks

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第3期24卷 720-725页

作者： ZHAO Chong-bin Peter SCHAUBS bruce HOBBS Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South University Changsha 410083 China CSIRO Mineral Resource National Research Flagship R O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia School of earth and environment The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia

Homogeneity and heterogeneity are two totally different concepts in *** the particle length scale,rocks exhibit strong heterogeneity in their constituents and *** the heterogeneity of porosity obeys the random uniform distribution,both the mean value and the variance of porosities in the heterogeneous porosity field can be used to reflect the overall heterogeneous characteristics of the porosity *** main purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of porosity heterogeneity on chemical dissolution front instability in fluid-saturated rocks by the computational simulation *** related computational simulation results have demonstrated that:1) since the propagation speed of a chemical dissolution front is inversely proportional to the difference between the final porosity and the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field,an increase in the extent of the porosity heterogeneity can cause an increase in the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field and an increase in the propagation speed of the chemical dissolution front.2) An increase in the variance of porosities in the initial porosity field can cause an increase in the instability probability of the chemical dissolution front in the fluid-saturated rock.3) The greater the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field,the quicker the irregular morphology of the chemical dissolution front changes in the supercritical chemical dissolution *** means that the irregular morphology of a chemical dissolution front grows quicker in a porosity field of heterogeneity than it does in that of homogeneity when the chemical dissolution system is at a supercritical stage.

关键词： porosity heterogeneity chemical dissolution front instability computational simulation porous rocks

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effects of land-use types and the exotic species,Hypochaeris radicata,on plant diversity in human-transformed landscapes of the biosphere reserve,Jeju Island,Korea

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Plant Diversity 2023年第6期45卷 685-693页

作者： Deokjoo Son bruce Waldman Uhram Song College of education Department of Science education Dankook UniversityGyeonggi-do16890Republic of Korea Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Biology Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Land-use and plant invasion influence *** the effects of land-use types and invasive plants on the ecosystem is crucial for better management and the development of strategic plans for increasing biodiversity in Jeju Island,Korea,a designated Biosphere Reserve by the United Nations education,Scientific,and Cultural *** effect of the most dominant invasive exotic species,Hypochaeris radicata,on the four land-use types of Jeju Island was *** composition,soil characteristics,and plant diversity among four land-use types(cropland,green space,neglected land,and residential)were *** the land-use types,croplands had the most diverse plant composition and the highest richness in exotic and native plant ***,such as tangerine orchards,which are widely distributed throughout Jeju Island,showed the highest plant diversity because of medium intensity disturbance caused by weed *** relative cover of *** did not differ between land-use ***,*** invasion was negatively related with plant species richness,making this invasive species a threat to the biodiversity of native herbs present in land-use *** adapts to areas with a broad range of soil properties and a variety of land-use ***,it is crucial to monitor land-use types and patterns of plant invasion to guide the implementation of consistent management and conservation strategies for maintaining ecosystem integrity of the transformed habitat in Jeju Island.

关键词： Biosphere reserve Cropland Invasive exotic plant Plant richness Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

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emerging roles of spliceosome in cancer and immunity

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Protein & Cell 2022年第8期13卷 559-579页

作者： Hui Yang bruce Beutler Duanwu Zhang Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Center for the Genetics of Host Defense University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismMinistry of Science and TechnologyInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Precursor messenger RNA(pre-mRNA)splicing is cat-alyzed by an intricate ribonucleoprotein complex called the *** the spliceosome is consid-ered to be general cell"housekeeping"machinery,mutations in core components of the spliceosome fre-quently correlate with cell-or tissue-specific pheno-types and *** this review,we expound the links between spliceosome mutations,aberrant splicing,and human ***,spliceosome-targeted therapios(STTs)have become efficient anti-cancer strategies for cancer patients with splicing *** also highlight the links between spliceosome and immune *** studies have shown that some spliceosome gene mutations can result in immune dysregulation and notable phenotypes due to mis-splicing of immune-related ***,several core spliceosome components harbor splicing-inde-pendent immune functions within the cell,expanding the functional repertoire of these diverse proteins.

关键词： spliceosome splicing cancer innate immunity immune dysregulation

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evaluation of utility in shoulder pathology:Correlating the American Shoulder and elbow Surgeons and Constant scores to the euroQoL

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第3期3卷 20-24页

作者： Blaine T Bafus Richard e Hughes bruce S Miller James e Carpenter Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland OH 44115-2325 United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2200 United States

AIM: To study whether health utility scores can be derived from shoulder-specific ***: Authors investigated two questions:(1) do the American Shoulder and elbow Surgeons(ASeS) score and the Constant score correlate with the euroQo L(eQ-5D), a measure of health utility?(2) can the ASeS and Constant scores be obtained from a complete study sample without bias? Thirty subjects with various shoulder diagnoses completed ASeS, Constant, and eQ-5D instruments. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the associations between eQ-5D score and ASeS and Constant ***: The correlation between eQ-5D score and ASeS score was 0.60(P eQ-5D and Constant scores(P e regression model containing ASeS score, Constant score, age, and gender failed to adequately predict eQ-5D. Moreover, 25% of patients meeting the inclusion criteria did not complete the ASeS questionnaire because they did not feel that specific questions, such as "do usual sport-list" and "throw ball overhand," applied to ***: Authors' results do not support the use of the ASeS and Constant scores in predicting euroQ ol health utility values. However, the Constant score was more suitable for this patient population because all patients were able to complete it.

关键词： Utility euroQoL American Shoulder and elbow Surgeons score Constant score Shoulder Outcomes

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The impact of Gunnera tinctoria(Molina)Mirbel invasions on soil seed bank communities

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Journal of Plant ecology 2009年第3期2卷 153-167页

作者： Margherita Gioria bruce Osborne UCD School of Biology and environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Aims In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in the impact of invasive alien plant species on the soil seed *** seed banks play an important role in determining the composition and dynamics of the vegetation through ***,an ability to form a persistent seed bank and/or a capacity to alter the structure of the seed bank of invaded communities could be important factors in determining the success of many alien plant *** this study,we report on a detailed assessment of the characteristics of the seed bank community associated with the herbaceous plant invader,Gunnera tinctoria,a newly emerging and potentially globally significant invasive plant *** species,native to South America,is invasive in a range of wet habitats in europe,Australasia and the *** A comprehensive assessment of the seed bank of invaded and comparable uninvaded areas was made at two points in time(May and October),at three sites in western *** seedling emergence approach was used to assess the structure(diversity,dominance and abundance)of the soil seed *** between invaded and uninvaded seed bank communities were investigated at the spatial scales of site,plot and *** Findings Gunnera tinctoria formed a large persistent seed bank at the study *** 30000 seedlings per square metre emerged from soils collected from invaded areas,of which 30%were found in deep soil *** of this invader represented 53–86%of the total number of seedlings associated with invaded *** the transient and the more persistent component of the seed bank of invaded communities were significantly less diverse and abundant than those of uninvaded areas,and were characterized by higher dominance,even when seedlings of the invader were not included in the *** seed bank of invaded areas was largely composed of seeds of agricultural weeds in addition to those of the *** results suggest that ***

关键词： invasive species soil seed bank diversity dominance Gunnera tinctoria

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CNN and MLP neural network ensembles for packet classification and adversary defense

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2021年第1期2卷 66-82页

作者： bruce Hartpence Andres Kwasinski the GCCIS i-School at the Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNew YorkNY 14623USA the Department of Computer engineering KGCOE at the Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkNY 14623USA

Machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks are seeing increased use in the examination of communication network research *** to many of these research questions is the need to classify packets and improve ***-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural networks and Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)have been used to successfully identify individual ***,some datasets create instability in neural network *** learning can also be subject to data injection and misclassification *** addition,when attempting to address complex communication network challenges,extremely high classification accuracy is *** network ensembles can work towards minimizing or even eliminating some of these problems by comparing results from multiple *** ensembles tuning,training time can be reduced,and a viable and effective architecture can be *** of their effectiveness,ensembles can be utilized to defend against data poisoning attacks attempting to create classification *** this work,ensemble tuning and several voting strategies are explored that consistently result in classification accuracy above 99%.In addition,ensembles are shown to be effective against these types of attack by maintaining accuracy above 98%.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) Multi-Layer Perception(MLP) ensemble classification adversary

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