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Tenecteplase Reperfusion therapy in Acute ischaemic cerebrovascular Events-Ⅱ (TRAcE Ⅱ): rationale and design

Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第1期7卷 71-76页

作者： Shuya Li bruce c V campbell Lee H Schwamm Marc Fisher Mark Parsons Hao Li Yuesong Pan Yongjun Wang china National clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Medicine and Neurology University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Neurology and comprehensive Stroke center Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Liverpool HospitalSouth Western Sydney Clinical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Background and purpose Tenecteplase(TNK)is a promising agent for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).We hypothesised that recombinant human TNK tissue-type plasminogen activator(rhTNK-tPA)is non-inferior to rt-PA in achieving excellent functional outcome at 90 days,when administered within 4.5 hours of ischaemic stroke *** and design Tenecteplase Reperfusion therapy in Acute ischemic cerebrovascular Events(TRAcE)is a phase Ⅲ,multicentre,prospective,randomised,open-label,blinded-end point non-inferiority *** eligible for intravenous thrombolysis therapy are randomised to rhTNK-tPA 0.25 mg/kg(single bolus)to a maximum of 25 mg or rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg(10%bolus+90%infusion/1 hour)to a maximum of 90 *** considered necessary for the patient’s health may be given at the discretion of the investigator during 90-day *** outcomes The primary study outcome is excellent functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale(mRS)0–1 at 90 *** efficacy outcomes include favourable functional outcome defined as mRS≤2 at 90 days,ordinal distribution of mRS and major neurological improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke *** outcomes are symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within 36 hours and death from any *** There is no completed registration study of TNK in AIS *** Ⅱ strives to provide evidence for a new drug application for rhTNK-tPA in AIS within 4.5 hours through a well-designed and rigorously executed randomised trial in china.

关键词： infusion acute rational

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Models to predict injury, physical fitness failure and attrition in recruit training: a retrospective cohort study

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Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 391-400页

作者： Robin M.Orr bruce S.cohen Stephen c.Allison Lakmini Bulathsinhala Edward J.Zambraski Mark Jaffrey Tactical Research Unit Bond University2 Promethean WayGold CoastRobinaQLD 4226Australia United States Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine NatickMA 01760USA Defence Science and Technology Group Port MelbourneVIC 3207Australia

Background:Attrition rate in new army recruits is higher than in incumbent *** the current study,we identified the risk factors for attrition due to injuries and physical fitness failure in recruit training.A variety of predictive models were ***:This retrospective cohort included 19,769 Army soldiers of the Australian Defence Force receiving recruit training during a period from 2006 to *** them,7692 reserve soldiers received a 28-day training course,and the remaining 12,077 full-time soldiers received an 80-day training *** data included anthropometric measures,course-specific variables,injury,and physical fitness *** regression was used to develop a variety of models to predict the rate of attrition due to injuries and physical fitness *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of the ***:In the overall analysis that included both the 28-day and 80-day courses,the incidence of injury of any type was 27.8%.The 80-day course had a higher rate of injury if calculated per course(34.3%vs.17.6%in the 28-day course),but lower number of injuries per person-year(1.56 vs.2.29).Fitness test failure rate was significantly higher in the 28-day course(30.0%vs.12.1%).The overall attrition rate was 5.2%and 5.0%in the 28-day and 80-day courses,*** fracture was common in the 80-day course(n=44)and rare in the 28-day course(n=1).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the course-specific predictive models were relatively low(ranging from 0.51 to 0.69),consistent with"failed"to"poor"predictive *** course-combined models performed somewhat better than the course-specific models,with two models having AUc of 0.70 and 0.78,which are considered"fair"predictive ***:Attrition rate was similar between 28-day and 80-day *** comparison to the 80-day full course,the 28-day course had a lower rat

关键词： Military training Predictive modelling Risk management Soldier

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The response of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen pools to experimental warming in grasslands: a meta-analysis

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第4期15卷 733-742页

作者： Junliang Zou Juying Wu bruce Osborne Yiqi Luo Beijing Research&Development centre for Grass and Environment Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China UcD School of Biology and Environmental Science and UcD Earth Institute University College DublinBelfeldDublin 4Ireland center for Ecosystem Science and Society Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA

carbon(c)and nitrogen(N)coupling processes in terrestrial ecosystems have the potential to modify the sensitivity of the global c cycle to climate *** the degree to which c–N interactions contribute to the sequestration of terrestrial ecosystem c(c_(seq)),both now and in the future,remains *** this study,we used a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize c and N responses from feld experiments on grasslands subjected to simulated warming and assessed the relative importance of three properties(changes in ecosystem N amount,redistribution of N among soil,litter and vegetation,and modifcations in the c:N ratio)associated with grassland c_(seq) in response to *** increased soil,litter and vegetation c:N ratios and approximately 2%of N shifted from the soil to vegetation and ***-induced grassland c_(seq) was the result of the net balance between increases in vegetation and litter c(111.2 g·m^(−2))and decreases in soil c(30.0 g·m^(−2)).Warming-induced accumulation of c stocks in grassland ecosystems indicated that the three processes examined were the main contributors to c_(seq),with the changes in c:N ratios in soil,litter and vegetation as the major contributors,followed by N redistribution,whilst a decrease in total N had a negative effect on c_(seq).These results indicate that elevated temperatures have a signifcant infuence on grassland c and N stocks and their coupling processes,suggesting that ecological models need to include c–N interactions for more accurate predictions of future terrestrial c storage.

关键词： climate change carbon sequestration carbon–nitrogen interactions grasslands nitrogen limitation stoichiometry

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Numerical modelling of strength and energy release characteristics of pillar-scale coal mass

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第5期11卷 935-943页

作者： Onur Vardar chengguo Zhang Ismet canbulat bruce Hebblewhite School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering.University of New South Wales

coal burst is a manifestation of rapid energy release,which is considered as one of the most critical operational hazards in underground coal *** study numerically investigates the effects of discontinuities on the strength and energy release characteristics of coal mass samples under uniaxial *** universal distinct element code(UDEc)was used to model pillar-scale coal mass samples that were represented by an assembly of triangular deformable blocks,and pre-existing discontinuities such as bedding planes and cleats were also included in the *** shows that cleat spacing can have a significant impact on compressive strength and energy release,with both strength and energy release(magnitude and rate)reducing as the number of cleats was *** work is one of the first attempts to numerically model and quantify the energy release which occurs during the failure of pillar-scale coal mass samples with varying cleat *** insights from the numerical modelling can help to understand the possible energy release mechanisms and associated coal burst potential in changing coal cleat conditions.

关键词： coal burst coal clearing Energy release Distinct element method(DEM) Numerical modelling

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New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第4期30卷 1459-1472页

作者： Alejandro MURRIETA-MENDOZA bruce BEUZE Laurane TERNISIEN Ruxandra Mihaela BOTEZ Research Laboratory in Active control Avionics and Aeroservoelasticity (LARCASE) Universitd du Quebec (Ecole deTechnologie Superieure - ETS) Montreal H3C 1K3 Canada

With the objective of reducing the flight cost and the amount of polluting emissions released in the atmosphere, a new optimization algorithm considering the climb, cruise and descent phases is presented for the reference vertical flight trajectory. The selection of the reference vertical navigation speeds and altitudes was solved as a discrete combinatory problem by means of a graphtree passing through nodes using the beam search optimization technique. To achieve a compromise between the execution time and the algorithm＇s ability to find the global optimal solution, a heuristic methodology introducing a parameter called ‘‘optimism coefficient was used in order to estimate the trajectory＇s flight cost at every node. The optimal trajectory cost obtained with the developed algorithm was compared with the cost of the optimal trajectory provided by a commercial flight management system（FMS）. The global optimal solution was validated against an exhaustive search algorithm（ESA）, other than the proposed algorithm. The developed algorithm takes into account weather effects, step climbs during cruise and air traffic management constraints such as constant altitude segments, constant cruise Mach, and a pre-defined reference lateral navigation route. The aircraft fuel burn was computed using a numerical performance model which was created and validated using flight test experimental data.

关键词： Beam search commercial aircraft Flight time Flight management system Fuel burn FMS Trajectory optimization

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Education as cultivation in chinese culture

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Frontiers of Education in china 2016年第2期11卷 250-252页

作者： Bertram c.bruce University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign

Shihkuan Hsu and Yuh-Yin Wu(Eds.).Singapore:Springer Science+Business Media,2015.288 pp.(hardcover),£***:978-981-287-224-1 Neoliberal education today suffers from the confluence of a conception of students as workers in training,an overemphasis on knowledge transmission,and high stakes *** there are Western origins for this approach,it accords well with some aspects of chinese culture,especially the emphasis on diligence and meritocratic social placement.

关键词： education culture origin

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Water and nutrient and energy systems in urbanizing watersheds

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 596-611页

作者： Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER Michael bruce BEcKl, Jim W. HALL Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2152 USA Environmental change Institute University of Oxford Oxford University Centre for the Environment South Parks Road Oxford OXI 3QY UK

Driven by considerations of sustainability, it has become increasingly difficult over the past 15-20 years -- at least intellectually -- to separate out the water infrastructure and water metabolism of cities from their intimately inter-related nutrient and energy metabolisms. Much of the focus of this difficulty settles on the wastewater component of the city＇s water infrastructure and its associated fluxes of nutrients （N, P, c, and so on）. Indeed, notwithstanding the massive volumes of these materials flowing into and out of the city, the notion of an urban nutrient infrastructure is conspicuous by its absence. Likewise, we do not tend to discuss, or conduct research into, ＂soilshed＂ agencies, or soilshed management, or Integrated Nutrient Resources Management （as opposed to its most familiar companion, Integrated Water Resources Management, or IWRM）. The paper summarizes some of the benefits （and challenges） deriving from adopting this broader, multi-sectoral ＂systems＂ perspective on addres- sing water-nutrient-energy systems in city-watershed settings. Such a perspective resonates with the growing interest in broader policy circles in what is called the ＂water-food-energy security nexus＂. The benefits and challenges of our Multi-sectoral Systems Analysis （MSA） are illustrated through computational results from two primary case studies： Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and London, UK. Since our work is part of the International Network on cities as Forces for Good in the Environment （cFG; see ***）, in which other case studies are currently being initiated -- for example, on Kath- mandu, Nepal we close by reflecting upon these issues of water-nutrient-energy systems in three urban settings with quite different styles and speeds of development.

关键词： cities climate change energy sector nutrientsector systems analysis resource recovery water-food-energy security

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Polyethylene glycol restores axonal conduction after corpus callosum transection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 757-760页

作者： Ravinder Bamba D.colton Riley Richard B.Boyer Alonda c.Pollins R.bruce Shack Wesley P.Thayer Department of Plastic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA Department of Surgery Georgetown University Washington DC USA Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA

Polyethylene glycol（PEG） has been shown to restore axonal continuity after peripheral nerve transection in animal models. We hypothesized that PEG can also restore axonal continuity in the central nervous system. In this current experiment, coronal sectioning of the brains of Sprague-Dawley rats was performed after animal sacrifice. 3Brain high-resolution microelectrode arrays（MEA） were used to measure mean firing rate（MFR） and peak amplitude across the corpus callosum of the ex-vivo brain slices. The corpus callosum was subsequently transected and repeated measurements were performed. The cut ends of the corpus callosum were still apposite at this time. A PEG solution was applied to the injury site and repeated measurements were performed. MEA measurements showed that PEG was capable of restoring electrophysiology signaling after transection of central nerves. Before injury, the average MFRs at the ipsilateral, midline, and contralateral corpus callosum were 0.76, 0.66, and 0.65 spikes/second, respectively, and the average peak amplitudes were 69.79, 58.68, and 49.60 μV, respectively. After injury, the average MFRs were 0.71, 0.14, and 0.25 spikes/second, respectively and peak amplitudes were 52.11, 8.98, and 16.09 μV, respectively. After application of PEG, there were spikes in MFR and peak amplitude at the injury site and contralaterally. The average MFRs were 0.75, 0.55, and 0.47 spikes/second at the ipsilateral, midline, and contralateral corpus callosum, respectively and peak amplitudes were 59.44, 45.33, 40.02 μV, respectively. There were statistically differences in the average MFRs and peak amplitudes between the midline and non-midline corpus callosum groups（P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. These findings suggest that PEG restores axonal conduction between severed central nerves, potentially representing axonal fusion.

关键词： nerve regeneration polyethylene glycol nerve repair axonal fusion central nerve injury axonal conduction corpus callosum neural regeneration

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一种新型Inside-Out核磁共振传感器——三圆柱磁体阵列

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电工技术学报 2016年第8期31卷 96-101页

作者：郭盼何为 Juan c.García-Naranjo bruce *** 输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室(重庆大学) 重庆400044 新布伦瑞克大学磁共振成像中心东方大学医学生物物理学中心古巴圣地亚哥90500

介绍了一种新型的inside-out核磁共振传感器。该传感器磁体结构由三个沿轴向磁化的圆柱形永磁体同轴排列而成,结构紧凑。通过调节三个磁体之间的距离,可以在磁体结构外侧建立起径向对称的均匀静态磁场或有恒定梯度的静态磁场B_0,其方向... 详细信息

介绍了一种新型的inside-out核磁共振传感器。该传感器磁体结构由三个沿轴向磁化的圆柱形永磁体同轴排列而成,结构紧凑。通过调节三个磁体之间的距离,可以在磁体结构外侧建立起径向对称的均匀静态磁场或有恒定梯度的静态磁场B_0,其方向平行于传感器轴向。为了满足射频磁场B_1垂直于静态磁场B_0的要求,射频线圈采用马鞍形结构。传感器直径为2.8cm,长度为6cm,重为200g。该传感器磁体结构简单,且灵敏区域相对其本身尺寸较大。

关键词： Inside-out核磁共振传感器三圆柱磁体阵列均匀磁场恒定梯度磁场马鞍形线圈

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Bioreduction of vanadium(V) in groundwater by autohydrogentrophic bacteria:Mechanisms and microorganisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 122-128页

作者： Xiaoyin Xu Siqing Xia Lijie Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang bruce E.Rittmann State Key Laboratory of Pollution control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Swette center for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji University

As one of the transition metals, vanadium（V）（V（V）） in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V（V） can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V（V） is to reduce it to V（IV）, which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V（V） in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. compared with the previous organic donors,H2 shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V（V） was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V（IV）precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to p H and temperature, with the optimum ranges of p H 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°c, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V（V） bioreduction belonged to theβ-Proteobacteria. Previously known V（V）-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V（V）reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V（V）bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V（V） bioreduction.

关键词： Vanadium Bioreduction Hydrogen Rhodocyclus clostridium

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