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Preslaughter diet management in sheep and goats:effects on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcass

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 69-78页

作者： Govind Kannan Venkat R Gutta Jung Hoon Lee brou kouakou Will R Getz George W McCommon Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley State University1005 State University DriveFort ValleyGA 31030USA

Sixteen crossbred buck goats （Kiko x Spanish; BW = 32.8 kg） and wether sheep （Dorset x Suffolk; BW = 39.9 kg） were used to determine the effect of preslaughter diet and feed deprivation time （FDT） on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcasses. Experimental animals were fed either a concentrate （CD） or a hay diet （HD） for 4 d and then deprived of feed for either 12-h or 24-h before slaughter. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol and blood metabolite analyses. Longisimus muscle （LM） pH was measured. Skin and carcass swabs were obtained to assess microbial loads. Plasma creatine kinase activity （863.9 and 571.7 ± 95.21 IU） and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations （1,056.1 and 589.8 _＋ 105.01 mEq/L） were different （P 〈 0.05） between sheep and goats. Species and diet treatments had significant effects on the ultimate pH of LM. Pre-holding total coliform （TCC） and aerobic plate counts （APC） of skin were significantly different between species. Goats had lower （P 〈 0.05） TCC （2.1 vs. 3.0 IogTo CFU/cm2） and APC （8.2 vs. 8.5 Iog10 CFU/cm2） counts in the skin compared to sheep. Preslaughter skin E. coil counts and TCC were different （P 〈 0.05） between species. Goats had lower （P 〈 0.05） counts of E. coil （2.2 vs. 2.9 log10 CFU/cm2） and TCC （2.3 vs. 3.0 log10 CFU/cm2） in the skin compared with those in sheep. Diet, species, and FDT had no effect （P 〉 0.05） on E. coli and TCC in carcass swab samples. The APC of carcass swab samples were only affected （P 〈 0.05） by the FDT. The results indicated that preslaughter dietary management had no significant changes on hormone and blood metabolite concentrations and sheep might be more prone for fecal contamination than goats in the holding pens at abattoir.

关键词： E.coli contamination diet Goats Physiology Sheep

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Effect of Fermentation Process on Nutritional Composition and Aflatoxins Concentration of Doklu,a Fermented Maize Based Food

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 1120-1127页

作者： Marina C.N.Assohoun Théodore N.Djeni Marina Koussémon-Camara kouakou brou Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology University Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Department of Nutri-tion and Food Security University Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanCote d’Ivoire

Investigations were carried out to determine the influence of spontaneous fermentations as achieved at household level on the nutrients composition and aflatoxins concentration of maize during the processing into doklu, a fermented maize food product consumed in Cote d’Ivoire with legumes, soup and fried fish. Results showed that maize grains contained aflatoxin B1, G1 and G2 and that during fermentation all physicochemical parameters significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased except moisture and total titratable acidity contents which were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. Fermentation also caused significant reduction in the concentration of total aflatoxins (72%), with the most important reduction in aflatoxin B1 (80%) after the soaking of maize grains. However, no aflatoxin was detected after 24 hours of fermentation until the final product was obtained. Despite the losses in some nutritional compounds, the fermented product, doklu, was found to have appreciable nutritional quality.

关键词： Aflatoxins Doklu Fermentation Maize Proximate Composition

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Modulation of Postprandial Glucose Bioavailability in a Cohort of Healthy and Pre-Diabetics Subjects during Ramadan Fasting in cote d'Ivoire

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2017年第5期7卷 127-139页

作者： Jacko R. Abodo Jean B. Gbakayoro kouakou brou Georges G. Tiahou Adélaide Hué Assita Yao Jocelyne Danho Adrien Lokrou Office of Endocrinology Diabetes Nutrition CHU Yopougon Abidjan cote d'Ivoire Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety Faculty of Science and Food Technology University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan cote d'Ivoire Laboratory of Biochemistry Medical Sciences Faculty University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké cote d'Ivoire

Objective: After the Ramadan fasting period, there is an increasing prevalence of diabetes in Cote d’Ivoire, in diabetes care centers. The objective of this study was to assess the consumption of sugary foods during this period and to determine the risks of diabetes in Muslim populations. Methods: Information was collected on the type and amount of sugary foods consumed. Methods for the preparation of these foods have been determined. Intake frequencies and postprandial glycemic responses were studied. The usual statistical methods were used. Results: Between 70% and 85% of the “fasters” consume plenty of these sugary foods during this period, with an average added sugar level varying between 10% and 35% and a daily consumption of between 250 cl and 0.5 l. The added sugar leads to hyperglycemia in both healthy subjects and pre diabetics. Conclusion: Regular consumption of these sugary foods results in significant hyperglycaemia throughout the month of fasting with a significantly higher blood glucose level in pre diabetic subjects. This makes pre diabetics people more at risk of diabetes among Muslim populations during Ramadan fasting.

关键词： Ramadan Fasting Postprandial Glucose Pre Diabetes

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Rain-Flow Modeling Using a Multi-Layer Artificial Neural Network on the Watershed of the Cavally River(Cote d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第12期9卷 1403-1413页

作者： brou Loukou Alexis Kouassi kouakou Lazare Konan kouakou Seraphin Kouadio Zile Alex Konan Koffi Felix Kamagate Bamory Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede DaloaCote d’Ivoire Universite Nangui-Abrogoua AbidjanCote d’Ivoire

Water resources management is nowadays a significant stake for the world. However, missing or bad quality of the hydro-climatic historical data available of the studied area makes sometimes hydrological studies difficult. Generally, conceptual rain-flow models are designed to bring an appropriate answer with the correction of gaps and prediction of the flows. Historical hydro-climatic data of the Ity station, located on Cavally River, contain gaps which must be bridged. This study aims to establish a rainfall-runoff model through artificial neural networks for filling the gaps into the flow data series of the hydrometric station of Ity on the watershed of Cavally River. A multi-layer perceptron of feed forwards with two entries (monthly average rain and evapotranspiration) and an exit (flows) was established with flow evapotranspiration data. Comparison of the criteria of performance of the various architectures of the neural network model showed that architecture 2-3-1 gives best results. This architecture provides Nash coefficients of 75.79% and correlation linear coefficient of 95.64% for the calibration and Nash coefficients of 73.32% and correlation linear coefficient of 98.33% for the validation. The correlations between simulated flows and observed flows are strong. The correlation coefficients are 83.89% and 83.08% respectively for the calibration and validation.

关键词： Rain-Flow Modeling Artificial Neural Network Cavally River Cote d’Ivoire

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Prospects for Minimizing the Potential Environmental Impacts of the Hydro-Agricultural Dam of M’Bahiakro(Cote d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第9期5卷 847-853页

作者： Lazare kouakou Kouassi Innocent Kouassi Kouame Seraphin kouakou Konan brou Dibi Soumahoro Moussa Diakaria Kone Dago Gnakri Laboratoire des Sciences de l’eau et de l’Environnement Universite Jean Lorougnon GuedeDaloaCote d’Ivoire Laboratoire Geosciences et Environnement Universite Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Projet d’Aménagement Hydroagricole de la Vallee du N’Zi ONDR_MINAGRIDimbokroCote d’Ivoire Office National de l’Eau Potable(ONEP) Direction des Ressources en EauAbidjanCote d’Ivoire

This study aims at characterizing the physical environment and suggesting solutions for a better management of the hydro-agricultural dam of M’Bahiakro which is being constructed over the N’Zi River and is the first inflatable dam in Cote d’Ivoire. In this survey, data related to hydrology, characteristics of the dam and the irrigated rice production area were obtained with the Water Resources Agency and the National Office of Rice Development of Cote d’Ivoire. Physicochemical parameters of the N’Zi River were collected seasonally at three monitoring stations. Results showed that the N’Zi River is characterized by a high water level period from April to November and a low water level period from November to April. The gap between the low flows and the high flows is important (about 206 m3/s on average). The annual average flow is 40 m3/s with a standard deviation of 32.52 m3/s and a variation coefficient of 0.88. The SAR average value (1.63) and the average conductivity (78.44 μS/cm) showed that waters of the N’Zi River are of high quality to be used for irrigation. Suspended sediment concentrations do not present significant difference along the river. But the seasonal variations are important;they are higher during the rainy seasons (45.8 mg/L on average) than in the dry seasons (17.7 mg/L on average). The annual solid flux of the N’Zi River is 41897 tons, i.e. 15810 m3 of sediments. The annual sediment flux is important and can lead to high depositions in the line-shaped reservoir of the dam and that calls for attention to control the silting up of the reservoir. Great efforts concerning interdisciplinary approaches, as well as extensive and intensive field work are needed in order to better manage the hydro-agricultural dam of M’Bahiakro.

关键词： Hydrology Irrigation Dam Suspended Sediment N’Zi River

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Indices of Water Quality and Pesticide Monitoring Survey in Lake of Western Cote d’Ivoire and Its Human Risk Assessment

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Natural Resources 2020年第2期11卷 46-69页

作者： Kouame kouakou Benoit Konan kouakou Seraphin Konan Koffi Felix Boussou Koffi Charles Kouame Kouame Martin Dibi brou Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment University Jean Lorougnon GuedeDaloaCote d’Ivoire Laboratory of Ecology Biodiversity and EvolutionUniversity Jean Lorougnon GuedeDaloaCote d’Ivoire

The aims of the work were to study the current quality of the water in Lake DOHOU used for drinking water supply through several physical, chemical analyses and using water quality indices (WQI). In addition, the question was whether the populations are at risk after drinking water of lake following a reduction of 50% and 75% in the median and maximum values of pesticides. Thus, the results of the pesticide monitoring program were incorporated into probabilistic human health risk assessment exercises. Water samples were collected over a period of one year. Pesticides were subjected to solid phase extraction and then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectroscopy. The other parameters were measured according to conventional methods. The results showed that the most frequently detected pesticides were aldicarb (79%), simazine (79%) and monolinuron (44%). They also showed the mean values of concentrations exceeding 1.5 μg/L. Metoxuron detected at a frequency of 29% showed the maximum average concentration (13.46 μg/L). Nearly 98% of the sampling points had at least one substance with an average concentration above the quality standard (0.1 μg/L) and 80% did not meet the total concentration standards. Cumulative risk quotient estimates after 50% or 75% abatement for frequently identified pesticides were greater than unity when extreme?values for adults and children were considered. To determine the suitability of water for aquatic life, drinking water consumption and drinking water production, the water quality index (WQI), the heavy metal pollution (HPI) and the heavy metal evaluation (HEI) were calculated. The poor quality of the water was mainly related to pesticides, organic matter and microbiological parameters. Most of the nutrients and metals studied were often below the standards of drinking water and aquatic life. The Water Quality Index (WQI) has shown that water quality is degrading for these three modes of use and ranges from poor to m

关键词： Pesticides Health Risk Assessment Water Quality Index Heavy Metal Index

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Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Functioning of the Cavally River Using a Coupled 1D-2D Model in the Ity Area (Zouan-Hounien in Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2021年第4期11卷 75-84页

作者： Affoué Berthe Yao Kouao Armand Anoh Loukou Alexis brou Menouan Wilfried Goli Lazare kouakou Kouassi Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies UFR Environment University Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire

In recent years, the Cavally River has been subject to multiple activities, including the construction of diversion channels and a bridge that makes it vulnerable to flooding. In order to assess the impact of these hydraulic structures on the river hydrodynamic functioning, a 1D-2D model was realized. The implementation of the 1D-2D model consisted of first running the 1D model, then the 2D model, and finally in coupling them. The 1D-2D model was designed with the 1988 flood hydrograph, a Manning’s coefficient of 0.052 m1/3/s for the minor bed and 0.06 m1/3/s for the major bed. The results of the hydraulic model show that the velocities are almost identical to those of the Cavally in natural operation. The values of the velocities are included between 0.4 m/s and 1.3 m/s at the level of the minor bed of the river and between 0.06 m/s and 0.71 m/s at the level of the floodplains. The average water level for flood propagation is 262.37 ± 0.44 m before construction of the structures and 262.23 ± 0.85 m after construction of the structures. The 0.41 m reduction in water level due to the diversion canal and bridge is negligible compared to the total fluctuations of the Cavally River, which vary from 6 to 7 m over the year.

关键词： Ity Mines 1D-2D Modeling Flooding Cavally River Côte d’Ivoire

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Assessment of the Quality of Sediments and Agricultural Soils: Case of the Ity-Floleu Area in the Prefecture of Zouan-Hounien, Western Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 255-275页

作者： Konan kouakou Séraphin Gbamélé Kouassi Serge Doffou Richard Jean Olive brou Loukou Alexis Kouassi kouakou Lazare Dongui Bini Kouamé Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Departement of Geology University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

The objective of this study is to assess the level of metal contamination of sediments and agricultural soils in the Ity-Floleu zone. The concentrations of trace elements (Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured in different seasons over two successive years. The sediment pollution index made it possible to note that the sediments and agricultural soils of the various stations studied are highly polluted in all seasons. The calculation of the geoaccumulation index indicates that surface water sediments most often experience extreme or moderate pollution in As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn in the dry or rainy season except in Pb in some cases. We observed that the sediments of the Cavally river present a serious pollution due to extreme anthropic activities carried out along the river. Over the entire region, the results of the potential ecological risk index (RI) indicate that all the sediments and agricultural soils analysed present a moderate ecological risk in terms of Pb and Zn in certain cases and an ecological risk is observed low bound to other metals in all seasons. This metallic pollution generated by human activities in this region can have consequences for the environment and biodiversity.

关键词： Anthropogenic Activities Cavally River Contamination Factors Contamination Indices Metallic Trace Elements Sediments and Agricultural Soils

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Evaluation of Pollution Due to Gold Mining at Ity-Floleu Area in Sub-Prefecture of Zouan-Hounien, Western Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第12期7卷 20-41页

作者： Gbamélé Kouassi Serge Konan kouakou Séraphin Kouassi kouakou Lazare brou Loukou Alexis Konan Koffi Félix Bini Kouamé Dongui Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa Côte d’Ivoire Departement of Geology University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa Côte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Ecology Biodiversity and Evolution University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa Côte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Environment Chemistry and Materials University Jean Lorougnon Guede Daloa Côte d’Ivoire

This study aims to evaluate the mineral pollution of a gold mining environment in the sub-Prefecture of Zouan-Hounien (C?;te d’Ivoire). Samples were taken from surface water and flesh and skin samples of the Cavally River fish species over a period of two successive years. Concentrations in major elements, trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), nutrients () and physico-chemical parameters in situ were measured. The results obtained show that the surface waters have very low pH with an average of 5.70. For nutrient salts, the deterioration of water quality in the study area is mainly related to alterations by nitrates, phosphates and sulphates. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Hg and Pb are above the existing standards (international, FAO/WHO) for the majority of the stations, thus causing the deterioration of the surface water quality. Therefore, their use for agricultural irrigation could have negative impact on the health of the population and on biodiversity. Regarding the bioindicating species, the results obtained after analysis of samples showed that the fish (carp and machoiron) have Fe, Cu, Hg and Pb concentrations higher than the existing standards (international, FAO/WHO) exposing consumers to high health risks. This study showed good correlation between the high values of surface water turbidity and the proximity of gold washing sites. The use of the principal component analysis (PCA) of the physicochemical dataset revealed comparable behaviors for certain minerals within the groups (Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Na) and (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Ca) in water. The Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) analysis has defined three different classes of surface water in the study area. The presence of mineral trace elements in these receiving environments is of natural origin but would be strongly accentuated by human activities.

关键词： Cavally River Fish Gold Mining Major Elements Nutritious Salts Surface Water Trace Elements

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1D-2D Hydraulic Modeling of a Diversion Channel on the Cavally River in Zouan-Hounien,Cote d’Ivoire

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第8期11卷 1036-1048页

作者： Kouassi kouakou Lazare brou Loukou Alexis Yao Affoue Berthe Kouadio Zile Alex Konan kouakou Seraphin Konan Koffi Felix Koffi Berenger Department of Geology University Jean Lorougnon GUEDEDaloaCote d’Ivoire

On the Cavally River, located on the border between C?te d’Ivoire and Liberia, several hydraulic structures such as bridges and diversion channels are planned to be made in recent years in the operating perimeter of the Ity mining company. A 1D-2D hydraulic model was developed to design a diversion channel to cut a meander of the Cavally River in order to ensure hydraulic operation similar to the initial conditions of the river (water levels, flow and velocities). This model was designed with a flow rate of 240 m3/s and a Manning coefficient of 0.052 m1/3·s-1 for the minor bed and 0.06 m1/3·s-1 for the major bed. The results from the hydraulic model show that the hydraulic conditions (water levels, velocities) in the channel before and after the diversion remain almost like those of the Cavally River.

关键词： Hydraulic Modeling Diversion Channel Cavally River Ity Cote d’Ivoire

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