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Safety and efficacy of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with surgically altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2018年第1期1卷 12-14页

作者： Eric Sellers Andrew brock Internal Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425-2503USA Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425USA

Background:Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)is an effective,minimally invasive tool used for evaluation of the small *** date,there are no studies evaluating the diagnostic yield of WCE in patients with surgically altered upper gastrointestinal ***:To evaluate the diagnostic yield,technical success and safety of WCE in patients with surgically altered upper gastrointestinal ***:Retrospective chart review of all patients with surgically altered upper GI anatomy who underwent WCE between 2006 and 2016 at the Medical University of South *** success,diagnostic yield,adverse events and therapeutic yield data was ***:Thirty-one cases met inclusion *** were excluded as they did not undergo WCE due to failed patency *** mean age was 58(69%female).The capsule was ingested in 18 cases and endoscopically placed in *** most common surgical anatomy was Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(n=13).Technical success,defined as the capsule reaching the cecum,was achieved in 89.7%of *** diagnostic yield was 44.8%,with the most common finding being *** intra-or postprocedural adverse events were ***:Capsule endoscopy in patients with surgically altered upper GI anatomy appears to show no elevated risk of adverse events and shows similar technical success and diagnostic yield as in patients with native anatomy.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Diagnosis Digestive system surgical procedures Diagnostic techniques Gastric bypass

New technologies to investigate the brain-gut axis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 182-191页

作者： Abhishek Sharma Dina Lelic Christina brock Peter Paine Qasim Aziz Department of Gastrointestinal Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Neurogastro-enterology Group Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London E1 2AJ United Kingdom Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg Hospital Boulevarden 13 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity that is likely to be important in their pathophysiology. Knowledge of how the brain processes sensory information from visceral structures is still in its infancy. However, our understanding has been propelled by technological imaging advances such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, Magnetoencephalography, and Electroencephalography （EEG）. Numerous human studies have non-invasively demonstrated the complexity involved in functional pain processing, and highlighted a number of subcortical and cortical regions involved. This review will focus on the neurophysiological pathways （primary afferents, spinal and supraspinal transmission）, brainimaging techniques and the influence of endogenous and psychological processes in healthy controls and patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders. Special attention will be paid to the newer EEG source analysis techniques. Understanding the phenotypic differences that determine an individual＇s response to injurious stimuli could be the key to understanding why some patients develop pain and hyperalgesia in response to inflammation/injury while others do not. For future studies, an integrated approach is required incorporating an individual＇s psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and genetic profile to define phenotypic traits that may be at greater risk of developing sensitised states in response to gut inflammation or injury.

关键词： Brain-gut axis Central processing Neuraxis Neurophysiology

Quantities of comorbidities affects physical, but not mental health related quality of life in type 1 diabetes with confirmed polyneuropathy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第2期10卷 87-95页

作者： Anne-Marie L Wegeberg Theresa Meldgaard Sofie Hyldahl Poul Erik Jakobsen Asbjφrn M Drewes Birgitte brock Christina brock Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital and Clinical InstituteAalborg UniversityAalborg 9000Denmark Steno Diabetes Center North Judland Region NordjyllandAalborg 9000Denmark Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen Region HovedstadenGentofte 2820Denmark

BACKGROUND A large number of adults with long-term type 1 diabetes are affected by symmetrical peripheral *** complications increase socioeconomic expenses and diminish the individual quality of *** 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)is a generic patient reported questionnaire,measuring mental and physical health related quality of *** hypothesized that diabetic neuropathy would decrease physical and mental quality of life measured with SF-36,and that clinical appearance may be associated with the *** To investigate if diabetic neuropathy would decrease physical and mental quality of life measured with SF-36,and if clinical appearance may be associated with the *** Forty-eight adults[age 50±9 years,10 females,disease duration 32(14-51)years]with verified diabetic symmetrical peripheral neuropathy and 21 healthy participants(age 51±6 years,6 females)underwent standardised nerve conduction testing and completed the SF-36 ***,disease duration,number of comorbidities,both diabetes related and nondiabetes related,vibration perception threshold,number of hypoglycaemic events,HbA1c and administration way of insulin was *** In comparison to healthy subjects,patients’mental composite score was not significantly diminished(51.9±8.9 vs 53.1±5.5,P=0.558),while the physical composite score was(46.3±11.7 vs 54.6±3.3,P=0.002).As expected,the overall physical health related symptoms in patients were associated to total number of comorbidities(P<0.0001),comorbidities relation to diabetes(P=0.0002)and HbA1c(P=0.005)as well as comorbidities not related to diabetes(P=0.0006).CONCLUSION The finding of this study emphasises the importance of focusing on quality of life in adults with diabetes and especially in those with multiple comorbidities as well as the possibility of HbA1c as a biomarker for severe complication.

关键词： Quality of life 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) Diabetes mellitus,Type 1 Diabetic neuropathies Comorbidity

Sensory testing of the human gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 151-159页

作者： Christina brock Lars Arendt-Nielsen Oliver Wilder-Smith Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg Hospital DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Pain and Nociception Research Group Department of Anaesthesiology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centrethe Netherlands Mech-Sense Department of Gastro-enterology Aalborg Hospital DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark Author

The objective of this appraisal is to shed light on the various approaches to screen sensory information in the human gut. Understanding and characterization of sensory symptoms in gastrointestinal disorders is poor. Experimental methods allowing the investigator to control stimulus intensity and modality, as well as using validated methods for assessing sensory response have contributed to the understanding of pain mechanisms. Mechanical stimulation based on impedance planimetry allows direct recordings of luminal cross-sectional areas, and combined with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, the contribution of different gut layers can be estimated. Electrical stimulation depolarizes free nerve endings non-selectively. Consequently, the stimulation paradigm （single, train, tetanic） influences the involved sensory nerves. Visual controlled electrical stimulation combines the probes with an endoscopic approach, which allows the investigator to inspect and obtain small biopsies from the stimulation site. Thermal stimulation （cold or warm） activates selectively mucosal receptors, and chemical substances such as acid and capsaicin （either alone or in combination） are used to evoke pain and sensitization. The possibility of multimodal （e.g. mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical） stimulation in different gut segments has developed visceral pain research. The major advantage is involvement of distinctive receptors, various sensory nerves and different pain pathways mimicking clinical pain that favors investigation of central pain mechanisms involved in allodynia, hyperalgesia and referred pain. As impairment of descending control mechanisms partly underlies the pathogenesis in chronic pain, a cold pressor test that indirectly stimulates such control mechanisms can be added. Hence, the methods undoubtedly represent a major step forward in the future characterization and treatment of patients with various diseases of the gut, which provides knowledge to dinicians

关键词： Endoscopy Intestine Experimental Neurophysiology Pain

Do networks of social interactions reflect patterns of kinship？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 319-328页

作者： Joah R. MADDEN Johanna F. NIELSEN Tim H. CLUTTON-brock Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QG UK. Institute of Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JT UK. Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent＇s Park London NW1 4RY UK Large Animal Research Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3E J UK.

The underlying kin structure of groups of animals may be glimpsed from patterns of spatial position or temporal as- sociation between individuals, and is presumed to facilitate inclusive fitness benefits. Such structure may be evident at a finer, behavioural, scale with individuals preferentially interacting with kin. We tested whether kin structure within groups of meerkats Suricata suricatta matched three forms of social interaction networks： grooming, dominance or foraging competitions. Networks of dominance interactions were positively related to networks of kinship, with close relatives engaging in dominance interactions with each other. This relationship persisted even after excluding the breeding dominant pair and when we restricted the kinship network to only include links between first order kin, which are most likely to be able to discern kin through simple rules of thumb. Conversely, we found no relationship between kinship networks and either grooming networks or networks of foraging competitions. This is surprising because a positive association between kin in a grooming network, or a negative association be- tween kin in a network of foraging competitions offers opportunities for inclusive fitness benefits. Indeed, the positive association between kin in a network of dominance interactions that we did detect does not offer clear inclusive fitness benefits to group members. We conclude that kin structure in behavioural interactions in meerkats may be driven by factors other than indirect fit- ness benefits, and that networks of cooperative behaviours such as grooming may be driven by direct benefits accruing to indi- viduals perhaps through mutualism or manipulation

关键词： Social network Kinship Social structure Grooming Dominance Meerkats

Indole methylation protects diketopiperazine configuration in the maremycin biosynthetic pathway

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Science China Chemistry 2016年第9期59卷 1224-1228页

作者： Yingxia Lan Yi Zou Tingting Huang Xiaozheng Wang Nelson L. brock Zixin Deng Shuangjun Lin State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism:Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China

The maremycin biosynthetic gene cluster has been identified in Streptomyces sp. B9173. Comparative metabolic profiling with knockout mutant strains led to the identification of new products correlated to the maremycin biosynthesis, in particular the ＂demethyl＂-maremycins with an unexpected D-tryptophan unit. A biosynthetic pathway for the maremycins is proposed and plausible reasoning for tryptopban epimerization in the demethylmaremycin biosynthesis is also provided.

关键词： biosynthesis maremycin N-methylation methyltransferase epimerization

Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expression of stress response genes in the liver

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1163-1174页

作者： Denise K.Gessner Corinna brock Lena M.Hof Erika Most Christian Koch Klaus Eder Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Hofgut Neumühle67728 Münchweiler an der AlsenzGermany.

Background: We hypothesised that supplementation of green tea extract(GTE) in dairy cows during the transition period can attenuate proinflammatory conditions and prevent endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in the liver of these cows. Thirty Holstein cows with an average parity of 3.06(± 1.31, SD) were divided into a control group and a group that received a daily amount of 10 g of GTE from d 7 before the calving day and a daily amount of 20 g of GTE from the day of calving until d 7 of ***: Cows supplemented with GTE did not show differences in energy intake or milk yield in weeks 2–7 of lactation. However, these cows had a lower milk fat concentration and a lower energy corrected milk yield than the control cows and showed a trend of improved energy balance. The relative m RNA concentrations of proinflammatory genes, genes involved in the acute phase reaction and antioxidant genes in the liver in weeks 1, 4 and 7 of lactation were not different between the two groups of cows. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in plasma were not different between the two groups. However, the group supplemented with GTE showed significant reductions of some genes of the unfolded protein response(UPR) in week 1 and a trend of lower liver triacylglycerol(TAG) concentrations in the liver compared to the control ***: This study shows that supplementation of GTE in dairy cows lowers the fat concentration in the milk but overall has no effect on the expression of inflammatory genes and the antioxidative status in dairy cows during early lactation. The finding of reduced m RNA levels of genes involved in the UPR at week 1, however, supports other results showing that supplementation of polyphenols could prevent the development of ER stress in the liver of cows during early lactation. The finding of a tendency towards a reduced TAG concentration in the liver of cows supplemented with GTE might be due to an improved ene

关键词： Animal nutrition Cow Green tea extract Liver Metabolism Milk performance

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镁基石灰复合喷吹铁水脱硫技术的工艺优势

钢铁 2009年第7期44卷 96-100页

作者： brock Gadsdon 刘艳波达涅利康力斯加拿大有限公司

客户对于高品质钢的不断需求推动着铁水外部脱硫技术的发展。从相对简单的机械搅拌法到较成熟的喷吹技术,炼钢工作者不断地在生产成本和操作效率之间寻求最佳的平衡点。镁和石灰复合喷吹法是一项经过生产实践证明了的成熟技术,为炼钢生... 详细信息

客户对于高品质钢的不断需求推动着铁水外部脱硫技术的发展。从相对简单的机械搅拌法到较成熟的喷吹技术,炼钢工作者不断地在生产成本和操作效率之间寻求最佳的平衡点。镁和石灰复合喷吹法是一项经过生产实践证明了的成熟技术,为炼钢生产者们提供了一种可靠的、可重复且满足生产需要的经济脱硫方法。

关键词：铁水脱硫复合喷吹脱硫剂

Technological,environmental and biological factors:referent variance values for infrared imaging of the bovine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 469-484页

作者： Yuri R.Montanholi Melissa Lim Alaina Macdonald brock A.Smith Christy Goldhawk Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein Stephen P.Miller Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Guelph Department of Plant and Animal Sciences Dalhousie University Monsanto HeadingleyMB R3T 6E3Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Invermay Agricultural Centre AgResearch Limited

Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state. Nine trials, divided into three classes （technological, environmental and biological factors） were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging. Results： Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following： measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within ]0 s; appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target; and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges. Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate; additionally, body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure. Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate. Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate, and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging. Conclusion： The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs, thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations.

关键词： Body heat loss Convective heat loss Infrared imaging Oxygen consumption Pharmacodynamics