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Journal of Central South University 2024年第4期31卷 1121-1135页

作者：王小燕肖细元郭朝晖彭驰 RICHMOND Anaman 薛生国 bridget ataa School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

以某废弃铜冶炼厂收集的铜冶炼烟尘作为样本,采用TCLP毒性浸出和宽溶液pH(3~13)范围浸出实验,研究了铜冶炼烟尘中重金属的释放行为及其矿物学控制机制。结果表明,TCLP浸出液中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn浓度分别是我国《危险废物鉴别标准浸出... 详细信息

以某废弃铜冶炼厂收集的铜冶炼烟尘作为样本,采用TCLP毒性浸出和宽溶液pH(3~13)范围浸出实验,研究了铜冶炼烟尘中重金属的释放行为及其矿物学控制机制。结果表明,TCLP浸出液中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn浓度分别是我国《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)中相应元素限值的704倍、82.7倍、2.08倍、3.1倍和3.26倍。在整个溶液pH处理范围内,As的释放率高达26.0%~28.1%。在酸性条件下Cd、Cu和Zn的浸出率明显较高,而Pb在pH 13.0时释放率较高。地球化学分析表明,在pH 5.5~11.5的溶液处理下,As的溶解度部分受新形成的Ca、Cu、Pb和Zn砷酸盐控制,而Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的溶解度主要受碱性条件下氢氧化物沉淀形成控制。BCR顺序提取和XRD分析表明,浸出液中Cd和Zn浓度较高与其在灰尘中赋存活性态比例高一致。研究结果为烟尘处理或处置防止重金属污染提供科学指导。

关键词：烟尘形态溶解度化学形态释放重金属

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不同环境因素下铜选冶废渣中重金属的释放特性和机制

不同环境因素下铜选冶废渣中重金属的释放特性和机制

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作者： bridget ataa Fosua（爱塔）中南大学

学位级别：硕士

铜矿选、冶炼活动过程中会产生大量含重金属的尾矿、烟尘和水淬渣等废渣。雨水淋滤和植物根系作用会导致露天堆放的废渣中重金属淋溶释放,污染周围土壤和地下水。因此,研究废渣中重金属释放特性,对评估其环境风险影响及提出合理污染防... 详细信息

铜矿选、冶炼活动过程中会产生大量含重金属的尾矿、烟尘和水淬渣等废渣。雨水淋滤和植物根系作用会导致露天堆放的废渣中重金属淋溶释放,污染周围土壤和地下水。因此,研究废渣中重金属释放特性,对评估其环境风险影响及提出合理污染防治措施具有重要意义。本文选取湖南省柏坊镇某废弃铜选冶厂生产过程中产生的尾矿、烟尘、阳极泥和水淬渣等废弃物为研究对象,在研究其理化性质和重金属赋存形态等潜在活性的基础上,利用TCLP(Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure)毒性浸出和SPLP(Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure)方法研究渣中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn等重金属的浸出毒性;以水淬渣为对象,开展不同酸雨p H值、温度和液固比等条件下静态释放实验,研究重金属释放特征;探讨模拟柠檬酸、草酸、乳酸和乙酸等根系有机酸对水淬渣中重金属的释放影响,分析了重金属释放与其赋存形态及矿物相转化的作用机制。主要研究结果如下:(1)全量分析结果表明,废渣中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn等重金属含量量及活性态比例均较高,酸溶态和可还原态比例较高的金属呈现Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb;As虽以残渣态为主,但其总活性态比例较高。烟尘、阳极泥和尾矿中TCLP和SPLP浸提液中部分重金属浓度超过了TCLP和毒性浸出标准(GB 5085.3-2007)相应元素含量限值,可被归类为对环境具有中度至高度风险的危险废物。(2)在不同酸雨p H值(3.0、4.5、5.6、7.0)、温度(15、25、35、45C)和液固比(5:1、10:1、20:1、30:1)等条件下开展水淬渣中重金属的为期72 h批处理浸出实验,浸出液p H值稳定在7.21-7.63之间,表明水淬渣有较强的潜在酸缓冲能力。低p H值和较高温度显著促进重金属的浸出,增加液固比(L/S)至20:1 m L/g以上显著降低浸出液重金属浓度。浸出前期(24 h)浸出液重金属浓度较高,随浸出时间增加略有下降。浸出液中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn浓度分别为0.81-3.05、0.011-0.094、0.74-3.09、0.58-2.98、1.45-13.75 mg/L。根据PHREEQC模型计算,As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的关键氢氧化物、氧化物和含硫酸盐矿物溶解度控制渣中重金属的溶解/沉淀。SEM-EDS和XRD分析表明,酸性条件下水淬渣表面形貌发生改变,渣中正硅酸铁(FeSi O)、石英(Si O)和其他矿物相峰减弱,表明重金属等矿物溶解到浸出液中。XPS光谱结果显示,浸出渣中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的分别以As O、Cd SO、Cu、Pb SO和Zn Si O形式存在。(3)开展不同浓度(1 m M,5 m M和10 m M)柠檬酸、草酸、乳酸和乙酸等模拟根系有机酸浸出下,水淬渣中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn等重金属的释放特征试验。结果表明,提高有机酸浓度促进渣中重金属的释放,10 m M有机酸浸出下,Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn浓度范围分别为0.49～3.32、9.50～47.32、2.30～37.5、12.3～88.2 mg/L。不同有机酸对废渣重金属浸出量和矿物相峰降低的影响顺序为:柠檬酸>草酸>乳酸>乙酸,重金属的释放量呈现出Zn>Cu≈Pb>Mn>Cd。XPS光谱显示,有机酸浸出后的残余废渣中COO-拟合峰区的比例明显增加。柠檬酸含有两个羧基,可与重金属形成具有5或6元环结构的稳定螯合物,有利于渣中重金属的释放。综上所述,铜选冶废渣中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn等金属活性较高,在降水等自然环境条件下释放出来,对周围环境造成严重威胁,因此,为防止重金属污染,有必要开发适当的废渣处置和回收处理技术。20个图,10个表,267个参考文献

关键词：水淬渣,重金属,有机酸,矿物相酸雨 pH值

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Exploring Personal Factors That Might Influence the Vulnerability of Construction Employees to Occupational Psychological Disorders

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Health 2019年第5期11卷 546-566页

作者： Genevieve ataa Fordjour Albert P. C. Chan Peter Amoah Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Building Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ashanti Ghana

Personal factors could act as intervening variables between the causes and effects of psychological health conditions of employees. This study focused on six personal intervening factors that were associated with the risks of occupational psychological disorders namely: low self-esteem, negative personality trait, unproductive core beliefs, poor self-concept evaluation on performance, poor relationship with others and poor time management skills. An investigation on the level of severity of these personal intervening factors was conducted involving 150 construction professionals and 150 construction trade workers, who were purposively selected in Ghana. The personal factors that were found to be prevalent among the construction employees were low self-esteem and poor time management skills. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to determine the relationships between the personal intervening factors and demographic factors such as the age, educational levels and marital status of the research participants. The results of the study indicated that the age and marital status of the respondents had no significant relationship with any of the personal intervening factors. Personal factors such as personality trait and relationship with others also had no relation with any of the demographic factors analyzed. The educational level of the respondents, however, had a significant relationship with the factors of self-esteem, productive core beliefs, self-evaluation on performance and time management skills. An independent two-sample T-test was used to compare the means of the factors with significant relations. This study revealed that construction employees who were highly educated had better self-esteem and time management skills than those who were less educated. The findings from this study broaden the view of moderators on influential sources of psychological health conditions of employees.

关键词： Occupational Psychology Psychological Disorders Personal Factors Construction Employees Ghanaian Construction

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Coping Strategies Adopted by Construction Employees to Deal with the Causes and Effects of Occupational Psychological Disorders: A Study in Ghana

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Health 2019年第6期11卷 755-782页

作者： Genevieve ataa Fordjour Albert P. C. Chan Peter Amoah Louis Tuffour-Kwarteng Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Building Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Electrical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Coping strategies adopted to deal with psychological health issues could have influences on the general health, productivity and task performance of the employee. This study sought to investigate the coping strategies adopted by construction employees to deal with the causes and effects of occupational psychological disorders such as burnout and workaholism. To achieve this aim, the methods of focus group discussions were first employed. A total of 16 semi-structured focus group discussions were held in Ghana, with 90 construction employees. The focus group study revealed 25 coping strategies adopted as efforts to mitigate the causes and 22 coping strategies adopted as responses to moderate the effects of occupational psychological disorders. A quantitative study involving 150 construction professionals and 150 construction trade workers were also conducted in Ghana to investigate the coping strategies that were highly adopted by the two construction working groups. The findings from the study revealed that the construction professionals adopted delegating complicated tasks and seeking medical attention as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. The construction trade workers were also revealed to adopt withdrawing from work duties or changing jobs and taking in more caffeinated drinks as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and the findings were put into the main constructs. The causes focused coping strategies were categorized under avoidance, alteration, adaptation, and acceptance. The effects focused coping strategies were also categorized under healthy and unhealthy coping strategies. This study recommends appropriate coping strategies and interventions in the construction industry such as education of construction personnel on the consequences of various coping strategies.

关键词： Occupational Psychology Psychological Disorders Coping Strategies Construction Employees Ghana

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Exploring the Effects of Occupational Psychological Disorders on Construction Employees and the Construction Industry

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2020年第1期8卷 1-25页

作者： Genevieve ataa Fordjour Albert P. C. Chan Peter Amoah Audrey Amponsah Fordjour Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Building Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department/School of Social Work University of Northern British Columbia Prince George Canada

Construction employees could experience occupational psychological disorders, such as workaholism and burnout due to their work, personality characteristics or lifestyle. This study sought to explore the effects of psychological disorders on construction employees and the construction industry. To achieve this aim, both the methods of focus group discussions and survey questionnaire were employed. The focus group discussions revealed 17 potential effects and 12 potential effects of psychological disorders on the construction employees and the construction industry respectively. A quantitative study was then employed to determine the key effects and to test the reliability of the findings from the focus group study. The results revealed that the highly perceived effects of psychological disorders on construction employees were accident-prone, chronic pain, insomnia or sleep disturbances, as these had the highest mean scores. The key effects also identified as perceived effects of construction employees’ psychological health conditions on the construction industry were: absenteeism/sick leave, errors in work, job dissatisfaction and increased medical costs. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and the 17 effects on construction employees were categorized under behavioural effects and physiological effects. The 12 effects on the construction industry were also categorized under direct costs and indirect costs. The results from this study confirm the need for strategic interventions to mitigate the effects of occupational psychological disorders on construction employees and the construction industry of Ghana and to some extent globally. The exploratory nature of the study using preliminary findings from focus group discussions contributes to the literature on occupational health psychology.

关键词： Occupational Psychology Psychological Effects Psychological Disorders Construction Industry Construction Employees

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