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Non-native plant species richness and influence of greenhouses and human populations in the conterminous United States

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 388-401页

作者： brice b.hanberry USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationRapid CitySD 57702USA

background One issue in invasive plant ecology is identification of the factors related to the invasion process that increase number of non-native *** invasion by non-native species increases,so does the probability that some non-native species will become harmful,or classified as invasive species,which disrupt natural ecosystems with attendant economic and social costs.I quantified patterns of how non-native species richness varied with vegetation types and human *** evaluate the relative importance of different predictor variables for invasion pathways in the conterminous United States,I modeled non-native plant species richness by county compared to current and historical human populations;greenhouses and nurseries;railroads,pipelines,transmission lines,and oil and gas wells;and land covers of impervious surface,development intensity categories,agriculture,and vegetation types.I also modeled these variables within vegetation types,excluding vegetation *** To summarize patterns,non-native plant species richness increased from 72 to 200 with increasing human population density *** and forest land use mosaics had the greatest mean number of non-native plant species,ranging from 121 to 166,whereas grasslands and grassland mosaics had the least number of non-native plant species,about *** modeling variable importance,all combined variables had R^(2)values of 56%(random forests regressor)and 54%(cubist regressor)for predictions of withheld observations of non-native plant species rich-ness,with greenhouse density and percent forestlands as most influential *** variables of greenhouses(R^(2)=29%),historical and current human populations(R^(2)=27%and 23%),impervious surface(25%),and medium intensity development(23%)were most associated with non-native plant species *** vegetation types,greenhouse and historical human population densities were influential variables particularly in forestlands,shrubland

关键词： Agriculture Energy Forest Grassland Invasive Propagule Rural Transport Urban

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Trajectory from beech and oak forests to eastern broadleaf forests in Indiana, USA

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 21-28页

作者： brice b.hanberry USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationRapid CitySD 57702USA

background:Historical forests(circa 1799 to 1846)of Indiana were predominantly composed of American beech(25%of all trees)and upland oaks(27%of all trees).I compared historical forest composition,using studies of smaller areas to approximate composition for uncommon species or genera(blished historical density estimates from small studies and estimated current density for the ***:Current forests are diverse with an even composition of many eastern broadleaf *** addition to upland oaks,which decreased to 13%of all trees,only sugar maple currently comprises greater than 10%of all *** increasing species were yellow-poplar,red maple,black cherry,and eastern *** redcedar increased from no presence to one of the most abundant ten species(≥3.5%of composition),similarly to the pine genus,becoming more common currently than American *** or oak or beech-oak forest types(≥24%of all trees)became eastern broadleaf forests,with no dominant species,and black cherry,red maple,and eastern redcedar forest types now *** of historical oak or beech forests ranged from 28 trees per hectare to 175 trees per hectare,which probably represent savannas and *** mean density of Indiana forests is 385 trees per hectare,ranging from 180 trees per hectare to 450 trees per *** forests likely contain dense layers of woody vegetation,filling the midstory and replacing herbaceous vegetation in the ground ***:Historically dominant beech and oak forests in the eastern United States have transitioned to an alternative state of closed eastern broadleaf forests due to uncontrolled establishment of many tree species.

关键词： Fire Historical Range of variability Transition

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Recent shifts in shade tolerance and disturbance traits in forests of the eastern United States

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 391-401页

作者： brice b.hanberry Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceRapid CitySD 57702USA

background:Current forests of the eastern USA have the potential to succeed in composition to more shade-tolerant ***,long-term processes of transition from fire-tolerant tree species to fire-sensitive species and effects of current land use on forests may interfere with successional ***:I examined if forests in three regions have increased in shade tolerance and if life history strategy groups that represent response to disturbance(i.e.,fire-tolerance,early-successional species based on low shade tolerance,mid-successional species,late-successional species,and trees valued for traits related to short harvest rotations)have changed,using Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys,adjusted for comparison,and generalized linear mixed models to assess approximately 30 year trends,with adjustments to equalize different survey ***:Although statistically significant,a slight increase of 2 to 4%in regional mean shade tolerance may not be ecologically *** the central East,mid-successional species replaced early-successional species and early-successional species replaced fire-tolerant oaks,resulting in an overall shift from fire-tolerant oaks to mid-successional *** fire-tolerant pine species and increased planted pine species were the major changes in the northern Southeast and Coastal ***:The successional process of increased composition by shade-tolerant species over time was overshadowed by land use changes that resulted in decreased fire-tolerant species and increased planted ***,frequent land use disturbance may continue to prevent the slow progress of compositional succession to very shade-tolerant species.

关键词： Disturbance Eastern United States Fire Land use Mesophication Oak Pine Succession Traits

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Does white-tailed deer density affect tree stocking in forests of the Eastern United States?

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 371-382页

作者： brice b.hanberry Marc D.Abrams USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationRapid CitySD 57702USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University307 Forest Resources BldgUniversity ParkPA16802USA

background:White-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)have increased during the past century in the *** deer densities may reduce tree regeneration,leading to forests that are understocked,where growing space is not filled completely by *** deer pressure,a major transition in eastern forests has resulted in increased tree ***:To reconcile conflicting trends,we applied generalized linear mixed models to compare deer densities during 1982 and then 1996 to tree stocking after about 30 years and 15 years of potential reductions of small trees by deer,for the entire eastern US and 11 ecological *** also compiled deer browse preferences and compared preferred browse with trends in tree species composition from historical(1620–1900)and current tree ***:The forested area of the eastern US,including a prairie ecological province,was equally well-stocked(52%)and understocked(48%)during 2011–2017 tree *** 1982 deer densities,38%of area had deer densities>5.8 deer/km2 and for 1996,66%of area had deer densities>5.8 deer/*** densities and tree stocking were not related significantly for the entire eastern *** may reduce tree stocking in the Laurentian Mixed Forest;however,this province had both lower deer densities and greater tree stocking than other ***,major tree species trends did not match tree browse ***:Rather than too few trees,too many trees is an ecological problem where historical open oak and pine forests had herbaceous understories,and currently,trees have captured growing *** attribute other drivers than deer to explain this transition.

关键词： Driver Fire Herbivory Open forests Transition Tree density

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Knotting ligands to control metal coordination geometry

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 403-404页

作者： Fabien b.L.Cougnon Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland

Zinc is a metal of particular importance for life[1].It is the most abundant transition metal in biological systems after iron and contributes both structural and catalytic roles to many cellular *** properties of Zn^(Ⅱ),unlike those of any other first-row transition metal ions,explain its biological *** to its filled d-shell orbitals,Zn^(Ⅱ) is redox-stable,has a ligand-field energy stabilization of zero and,consequently,no typical coordination number and *** metalloproteins exploit these features to carry a broad range of chemical reactions in mild *** metalloenzymes,unsaturated ZnII centres often act as redox-stable Lewis *** protein backbone provides a highly preorganized environment around the metal centre and accompanies the changes in coordination geometry occurring as substrate transformation proceeds,thereby modulating the metal reactivity.

关键词： coordination geometry centre

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Atmospheric chemistry of trifluorodicarbonyls initiated by Cl atoms:Reactivity trends,mechanism,and acid formation yields

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 12-25页

作者： Pedro L.Lugo Vianni G.Straccia Cynthia b.Rivela Mariano A.Teruel María b.blanco Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire(L.U.Q.C.A) Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba(I.N.F.I.Q.C.)Dpto.de Fisicoquímica.Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba.Ciudad Universitaria5000 CórdobaArgentina Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research University of WuppertalDE-42097 WuppertalGermany

Rate coefficients of the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with a series of fluorinated diketones(FDKs):CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(3)(TFP),CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH_(2)CH_(3)(TFH)and CF_(3)C(O)CH_(2)C(O)CH(CH_(3))2(TFMH),have been measured at(298±2)K and under atmospheric *** experiments were performed using the relative-rate method with a GC-FID detection *** different determinations and references used,the following rate coefficients were obtained(in cm3/(molecule·sec)):k_(4)(TFP+Cl)=(1.75±0.21)×10^(−10),k_(5)(TFH+Cl)=(2.05±0.23)×10^(−10),k_(6)(TFMH+Cl)=(2.71±0.34)×10^(−10).Reactivity trends of FDKs were discussed and Free Energy Relationships analysis was *** expression lgkOH=1.68 lgkCl+5.71 was obtained for the reactivity of the studied FDKs together with similar unsaturated VOCs with Cl and OH radicals Additionally,acetic acid(CH_(3)C(O)OH)and trifluoroacetic acid(CF_(3)C(O)OH)were positively identified and quantified as degradation products using in situ FTIR *** to the identified products,atmospheric chemical mechanisms were *** atmospheric implications of the studied reactions were assessed by the estimation of the tropospheric lifetimes of TFP,TFH,and TFMH concerning their reaction with Cl atoms to be 48,41,and 31 hours,*** relatively short residence in the atmosphere of the fluorocarbons studied will have a local/regional impact with restricted *** warming potential(GWP(20 yr))calculated for the studied fluoro diketones were 0.014,0.003 and 0.001 for TFP,TFH and TFMH,respectively with a negligible contribution to the greenhouse effect.

关键词： Fluorinated diketones Kinetics SPME-GC-FID FTIR in situ SAR Free energy relationships

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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IPS for Securing Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen banu A S.K.b.Sangeetha Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biology(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Federated Learning’s Role in Next-Gen TV Ad Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： Gabriela Dobrita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela bâra Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving landscape of television advertising,optimizing ad schedules to maximize viewer engagement and revenue has become *** methods often operate in silos,limiting the potential insights gained from broader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverages Federated Learning(FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,combining the strengths of local optimization techniques with the power of global Machine Learning(ML)models to uncover actionable insights without compromising data *** combines linear programming for initial ads scheduling optimization with ML—specifically,a K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)model—for predicting ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling problem,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using Google’s OR-Tools CP-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will be the result of the optimization ***,this output becomes the target of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries based on their characteristics ensuring the implementation of the scheduling at large scale(using KNN,Light Gradient boosting Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integration of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strategic insight across different broadcasting networks while preserving data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads being precisely matched to their optimal category placements,showcasing an alignment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation observed,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-category variance from their ideal placement in the original dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning KNN

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Kinetics of the reaction of OH radical with ethylfluoroacetate,ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate,and butylfluoroacetate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 273-283页

作者： Pedro L.Lugo Vianni Straccia Mariano A.Teruel María b.blanco Laboratorio Universitario de Química y Contaminación del Aire(L.U.Q.C.A) Institute for Research in Physical Chemistry of Córdoba(I.N.F.I.Q.C.)Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical SciencesNational University of CórdobaUniversity CityCórdoba 5000Argentina Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research University of WuppertalWuppertal DE-42097Germany

Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of•OH radicals with a series of fluoroesters were studied for the first time at 298±3 K and atmospheric *** rate coefficients were determined by in situ FTIR spectroscopy in nitrogen and GC-FID in air to monitor the decay of reactants and *** following coefficient values(in 10^(−12)cm^(3)/(molecule•sec))were obtained for ethyl fluoroacetate(EFA),ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate(ETb),and butyl fluoroacetate(bFA),respectively:k_(1)(EFA+OH)=1.15±0.25 by FTIR and 1.34±0.23 by GC-FID;k_(2)(ETb+OH)=1.61±0.36 by FTIR and 2.02±0.30 by GC-FID;k_(3)(bFA+OH)=2.24±0.37 by *** trends were developed and correlated with the number of CH_(3)and F substituents in the fluoroester,and structure-activity relationships(SARs)calculations were *** addition,the tropospheric lifetimes of EFA,ETb,and bFA upon degradation by OH radicals were calculated to be 9,6,and 5 days,respectively,indicating that these fluorinated compounds could have a possible regional effect from the emission *** small photochemical ozone creation potentials of 9,7,and 19 were estimated for EFA,ETb,and bFA,*** GlobalWarming Potentials(GWPs)for EFA,ETb,and bFA were calculated for different time *** a 20-year time horizon,the GWPs were 1.393,0.063,and 0.062,*** the case of a 100-year time horizon,the GWPs were 0.379,0.017,and 0.017,and for a 500-year time horizon,the GWPs were 0.108,0.005,and 0.005 for EFA,ETb,and bFA.

关键词： CFC replacements sinks in situ FTIR SAR Acidification potentials Greenhouse gases

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