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Magnetic and superconducting phase diagrams and transition temperatures predicted using text mining and machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1521-1529页

作者： Callum J.Court Jacqueline M.cole Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeJ.J.Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK ISIS Neutron and Muon Source STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshire OX110QXUK Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass AvenueArgonneIL 60439USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeWest Cambridge SitePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30FSUK

Predicting the properties of materials prior to their synthesis is of great importance in materials *** and superconducting materials exhibit a number of unique properties that make them useful in a wide variety of applications,including solid oxide fuel cells,solid-state refrigerants,photon detectors and metrology *** all these applications,phase transitions play an important role in determining the feasibility of the materials in ***,we present a pipeline for fully integrating data extracted from the scientific literature into machine-learning tools for property prediction and materials *** advanced natural language processing(NLP)and machine-learning techniques,we successfully reconstruct the phase diagrams of well-known magnetic and superconducting compounds,and demonstrate that it is possible to predict the phase-transition temperatures of compounds not present in the *** provide the tool as an online open-source platform,forming the basis for further research into magnetic and superconducting materials discovery for potential device applications.

关键词： phase transition superconducting

Tubulovillous adenoma of anal canal: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1780-1781页

作者： Bhupinder S Anand Gordana Verstovsek George cole Departments of Medicine Pathology and Surgery Michael E.DeBakey Veterans Administration Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUnited States

Tumors arising from the anal canal are usually of epithelial origin and are mostly squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma. We present a case of benign anal adenomas arising from the anus, an extremely rare diagnosis. A 78-year-old white man presented with rectal bleeding of several months duration. Examination revealed a 4 cm friable mass attached to the anus by a stalk. At surgery, the mass was grasped with a Babcock forceps and was resected using electrocautery. Microscopic examination revealed a tubulovillus adenoma with no areas of high grade dysplasia or malignant transformation. The squamocolumnar junction was visible at the edges of the lesion confirming the anal origin of the tumor. We believe the tubulovillus adenoma arose from either an anal gland or its duct that opens into the anus. Although seen rarely, it is important to recognize and treat these tumors at an early stage because of their potential to transform into adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Tubulovillous adenoma Anal canal

The promise of γδ T cells and the γδ T cell receptor for cancer immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第6期12卷 656-668页

作者： Mateusz Legut David K cole Andrew K Sewell Division of Infection and Immunity and Svstems Immunitv Universitv Research Institute. Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK

γδ T cells form an important part of adaptive immune responses against infections and malignant transformation. The molecular targets of humanγδT cell receptors （TCRs） remain largely unknown, but recent studies have confirmed the recognition of phosphorylated prenyl metabolites, lipids in complex with CD1 molecules and markers of cellular stress. All of these molecules are upregulated on various cancer types, highlighting the potential importance of the γδ T cell compartment in cancer immunosurveiliance and paving the way for the use of γδTCRs in cancer therapy. Ligand recognition by the γδ TCR often requires accessorylco-stimulatory stress molecules on both T cells and target cells; this cellular stress context therefore provides a failsafe against harmful self-reactivity. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells recognise their targets irrespective of HLA haplotype and therefore offer exciting possibilities for off-the-shelf, pan-population cancer immunotherapies. Here, we present a review of known ligands of human γδ T cells and discuss the promise of harnessing these cells for cancer treatment.

关键词： cancer γδ T cells immunotherapy phosphoantigens T cell receptor

Novel Heat Transfer Issues Associated with the Design and Safe Operation of the MEGAPIE Spallation Source Target

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第1期16卷 63-78页

作者： brian L.Smith Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory Paul Scherrer InstituteSwitzerland

Critical heat transfer problems are discussed in the context of the operation of a spallation source target, which represents a first demonstration of the feasibility of an innovative concept for generating energy using a particle accelerator. Within the framework of the umbrella project MEGAPIE, an R＆D support group was organized to take responsibility for target cooling. This involved the use of advanced numerical methods - Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） and Finite Element Method （FEM） - validated against suitable experimental data, and by means of appropriate benchmarking exercises. The design studies using CFD resulted in an optimum flow configuration being defined for the coolant circulation. Flow visualization tests were undertaken using a glass/water test section, with the velocity field mapped using optical and ultrasonic measuring techniques. These were followed by heat transfer tests, using the actual target materials （lead-bismuth-eutectic coolant and steel confinement）. Further CFD/FEM work to analyze operational transients and accident sequences was also carded out, and is described in the paper.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics finite element method liquid-metal coolant spallation source target

Cracking analysis of fracture mechanics by the finite element method of lines(FEMOL)

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2005年第5期21卷 495-502页

作者： Shaowei Hu brian Moran Department of Materials and Structural Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210024 China Department of Civil Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 USA

The Finite Element Method of Lines （FEMOL） is a semi-analytic approach and takes a position between FEM and analytic methods. First, FEMOL in Fracture Mechanics is presented in detail. Then, the method is applied to a set of examples such as edge-crack plate, the central-crack plate, the plate with cracks emanating from a hole under tensile or under combination loads of tensile and bending. Their dimensionless stress distribution, the stress intensify factor （SIF） and crack opening displacement （COD） are obtained, and comparison with known solutions by other methods are reported. It is found that a good accuracy is achieved by FEMOL. The method is successfully modified to remarkably increase the accuracy and reduce convergence difficulties. So it is a very useful and new tool in studying fracture mechanics problems.

关键词： The finite element method of lines (FEMOL) .Cracking analysis . Application

Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network for improved materials property predictions

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1691-1698页

作者： Kamal Choudhary brian DeCost Materials Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Theiss ResearchLa Jolla California 92037USA DeepMaterials LLC Silver SpringMD 20906USA

Graph neural networks(GNN)have been shown to provide substantial performance improvements for atomistic material representation and modeling compared with descriptor-based machine learning *** most existing GNN models for atomistic predictions are based on atomic distance information,they do not explicitly incorporate bond angles,which are critical for distinguishing many atomic ***,many material properties are known to be sensitive to slight changes in bond *** present an Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network(ALIGNN),a GNN architecture that performs message passing on both the interatomic bond graph and its line graph corresponding to bond *** demonstrate that angle information can be explicitly and efficiently included,leading to improved performance on multiple atomistic prediction *** ALIGNN models for predicting 52 solid-state and molecular properties available in the JARVIS-DFT,Materials project,and QM9 *** can outperform some previously reported GNN models on atomistic prediction tasks by up to 85%in accuracy with better or comparable model training speed.

关键词： explicitly property passing

An Anti-Counterfeiting RFID Privacy Protection Protocol

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 438-448页

作者： Xiaolan Zhang brian King Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois U.S.A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis U.S.A.

The privacy problem of many RFID systems has been extensively studied. Yet integrity in RFID has not received much attention as regular computer systems. When we evaluate an identification protocol for an RFID system for anti-counterfeiting, it is important to consider integrity issues. Moreover, many RFID systems are accessed by multiple level trust parties, which makes comprehensive integrity protection even harder. In this paper, we first propose an integrity model for RFID protocols. Then we use the model to analyze the integrity problems in Squealing Euros protocol. Squealing Euros was proposed by Juels and Pappu for RFID enabled banknotes that will support anti-forgery and lawful tracing yet preserve individual＇s privacy. We analyze its integrity, we then discuss the problems that arise and propose some solutions to these problems. Then an improved protocol with integrity protection for the law enforcement is constructed, which includes an unforgeable binding between the banknote serial number and the RF ciphertext only readable to law enforcement. This same protocol can be applied in many other applications which require a privacy protecting anti-counterfeiting mechanism.

关键词： RFID security integrity privacy

Evidence of the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic eruption in South Polar snow

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第8期44卷 756-760页

作者： Jihong cole-Dai Ellen Mosley-Thompson Byrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USAByrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Traces of tephra and increased sulfate (SO42-) concentrations were identified in the1992-1994 snow layers in 2 firn cores from South Pole. The deposition of the Pinatubo SO42-aerosol was delayed due to the long transport to the high south latitudes and its initial existence at high altitudes in the Antarctic atmosphere. Electron microscopic analyses show that the element composition of the tephra is identical to that of volcanic ash found near the Pinatubo volcano in Philippines. Detailed stratigraphic snow sampling resolved the Pinatubo signal from that of Cerro Hudson eruption during August 1991 in Chile. The South Pole sulfate flux from Pinatubo is calculated to be (10.9 ±1.1) kg·km-2, while the Hudson sulfate flux is (3.2 ± 1.1) kg·km-2. This information will be useful to estimating the magnitudes of the past volcanic eruptions recorded in Antarctic ice core.

关键词： Pinatubo volcanoes Antarctica ice cores.

Evidence-based Clinical Chinese Medicine:What Has Changed Over the Past 20 Years

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广州中医药大学学报 2024年第10期41卷 2555-2567页

作者： Charlie Changli Xue Anthony Lin Zhang brian H May Louise Pobjoy Iris Wenyu Zhou RMIT University MelbourneAustralia

Chinese medicine has been used for centuries to treat a range of health *** history has produced a wealth of classical literature,case studies and clinical research data detailing its use and ***,high-quality and conclusive evidence that meets modern requirements for clinical decision support is *** evidence gap limits the integration of Chinese medicine with contemporary medicine,which in turn limits global access and acceptance of Chinese medicine as a form of safe and effective health *** the past 20 years,researchers and organisations around the world,including the World Health Organization(WHO)and United Nations,have worked to support the integration of traditional medicines,such as Chinese medicine,with conventional medicines to improve global health *** paper provides an overview of Chinese medicine studies published in the top four general medical journals(BMJ,JAMA,Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine)from February 2005 to February 2024 in the past 20 years to highlight the progress in the development of this evidence *** also highlights key actions taken to promote evidence-based clinical Chinese medicine,including product and practitioner regulation,formalising education standards,and international *** conducted at the China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine demonstrates the benefits of such a *** development of its unique and inclusive‘whole-evidence’approach,plus clinical studies and systematic reviews,the Centre has significantly contributed to the evidence base for clinical Chinese *** addition,its high-impact papers and groundbreaking monographs have been cited in international conventional medicine *** progress has certainly been made during the past 20 years to build a stronger evidence base for clinical Chinese medicine,there is still a considerable gap that limits its integration with conventional medic

关键词： evidence-based medicine traditional Chinese medicine whole-evidence approach integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine integrative medicine China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine