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Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy with semi-robotic navigation in the Chinese population： initial results

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第1期20卷 93-94页

作者： Wai Kit Ma brian sh HO Andrew sh Lai Ka Cheong Lam Yun Sang Chan Lawrance KC Yip Ada TL Ng James HL Tsu Ming Kwong Yiu Division of Urology Department of Surgery The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Diagnostic Radiology The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China

Dear Editor, The current standard 12-core systematic transrectal ultrasound （TRUS）-guided biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis has the disadvantages of overdetecting indolent tumors, while failing to identify clinically significant cancers in up to 35%.1 Advances in imaging techniques, notably the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging （mpMRI）, allow clinically significant prostate cancers to be detected with more precise localization） Fusion of MRI and real-time TRUS enables targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions, overcoming human error, and inability of biopsy site tracking in cognitive fusion？ Multiple Western series have suggested a higher detection rate, higher specificity, and better risk stratification with fusion biopsy.

关键词： CANCER GUIDANCE SYSTEM

Prostate cancer detection upon transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen level： what to expect in the Chinese population？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 821-825,I0010页

作者： Jeremy YC Teoh Steffi KK Yuen James HL Tsu Charles KW Wong brian sh Ho Ada TL Ng Wai-Kit Ma Kwan-Lun Ho Ming-Kwong Yiu Department of Surgery Division of Urology Queen Mary Hospital University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

We investigated the prostate cancer detection rates upon transrectal ultrasound （TRUS）-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination （DRE） and prostate-specific antigen （PSA）, and risk factors of prostate cancer detection in the Chinese population. Data from all consecutive Chinese men who underwent first TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from year 2000 to 2013 was retrieved from our database. The prostate cancer detection rates with reference to DRE finding and PSA level of 〈 4, 4-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-50 and 〉 50 ng ml^-1 were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate for potential risk factors of prostate cancer detection. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. In patients with normal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 8.6%, 13.4%, 21.8%, 41.7% and 85.2% in patients with PSA 〈 4, 4-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-50 and 〉 50 ng ml^-1 respectively. In patients with abnormal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 12.4%, 30.2%, 52.7%, 80.6% and 96.4% in patients with PSA 〈 4, 4-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-50 and 〉 50 ng m1-1 respectively. Older age, smaller prostate volume, larger number of biopsy cores, presence of abnormal DRE finding and higher PSA level were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer detection upon multivariate logistic regression analyses （P 〈 0.001）. Chinese men appeared to have lower prostate cancer detection rates when compared to the Western population. Taking the different risk factors into account, an individualized approach to the decision of TRUS-guided biopsy can be adopted.

关键词： Chinese digital rectal examination prostate biopsy prostate cancer prostate-specific antigen

The performance characteristics of prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density in Chinese men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第1期19卷 113-116页

作者： Jeremv YC Teoh Steffi KK Yuen James HL Tsu Charles KW Wong brian sh Ho Ada TL Ng Wai-Kit Ma Kwan-Lun Ho Ming-Kwong Yiu Division of Urology Department of Surgery Queen Mary Hospital University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

We investigated the performance characteristics of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） and PSA density （PSAD） in Chinese men. All Chinese men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy （TRUS-PB） from year 2000 to 2013 were included. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves for both PSA and PSAD were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） at different cut-off levels were calculated. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. For the ROC, the area under curve was 0.770 for PSA （P〈 0.001） and 0.823 for PSAD （P〈 0.001）. PSA of 4.5 ng ml^-1 had sensitivity of 94.4%, specificity of 14.1%, PPV of 29.5%, and NPV of 86.9%; PSAD of 0.12 ng ml^-1cc^-1 had sensitivity of 94.5%, specificity of 26.6%, PPV of 32.8%, and NPV of 92.7%. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, PSA cut-off at 4.5 ng ml^-1 （OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.45, P = 0.029） and PSAD cut-off at 0.12 ng ml^-1 cc^-1 （OR 6.22, 95% CI 4.20-9.22, P 〈 0.001） were significant predictors for prostate cancer detection on TRUS-PB. In conclusion, the performances of PSA and PSAD at different cut-off levels in Chinese men were very different from those in Caucasians. PSA of 4.5 ng ml^-1 and PSAD of O. 12 ng ml^-1 cc^-1 had near 95% sensitivity and were significant predictors of prostate cancer detection in Chinese men.

关键词： Chinese prostate cancer transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy prostate-specific antigen prostate-specific antigen density

Establishment of Withania somnifera Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Withanolide A

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 975-981页

作者： Hosakatte N. Murthy Camelia Dijkstra Paul Anthony Daniel A. White Mike R. Davey J. brian Power Eun J. Hahn Kee Y. Paek Plant Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Food Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea

Withania sominifera （Indian ginseng） was transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants from seedling roots, stems, hypocotyls, cotyledonary nodal segments, cotyledons and young leaves were inoculated with A. rhizogenes strain R1601. Hairy （transformed） roots were induced from cotyledons and leaf explants. The transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using nptll and rolB specific primers and, subsequently, by Southern analysis for the presence of nptll and rolB genes in the genomes of transformed roots. Four clones of hairy roots were established; these differed in their morphology. The doubling time of faster growing cultures was 8-14 d with a fivefold increase in biomass after 28 d compared with cultured, non-transformed seedling roots. MS-based liquid medium was superior for the growth of transformed roots compared with other culture media evaluated （sh, LS and N6）, with MS-based medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose being optimal for biomass production. Cultured hairy roots synthesized withanolide A, a steroidal lactone of medicinal and therapeutic value. The concentration of withanolide A in transformed roots （157.4 μg/g dry weight） was 2.7-fold more than in non-transformed cultured roots （57.9 μg/g dry weight）.

关键词： Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy (transformed) roots Indian ginseng transformation withanolide A

Tyrosine kinase receptor B isoforms alter APP and BACE1 endogenous levels independently of BDNF

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2012年第3期1卷 93-101页

作者： Sara Ansaloni brian P. Leung Aditi Dubey Aleister J. Saunders Biology Department Drexel University Philadelphia USA

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and signaling via the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) have been shown to be altered in Alzheimer’s Disease. In addition, it has been reported that the isoforms of TrkB can differentially affect metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Conversely, Ab, a neurotoxic cleavage product of APP, has been shown to impair TrkB/ BDNF signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether the changes observed in APP metabolism were due to the isoform-specific effects of TrkB on either APP expression, and/or on the expression and activity of ADAM10 and BACE1. Since BDNF levels are decreased in AD, we focused on BDNF independent effects of the TrkB isoforms. We found that TrkB FL increases endogenous APP levels in both HEK293 and sh-SY5Y naive cells. We did not find an increase in ADAM10 activity in HEK293 cells, but an increase in BACE1 levels. Additionally, we have found that TrkB FL is able to increase NFAT3 mediated transcriptional activity and we suggest that this causes transcriptional activation of the BACE1 promoter.

关键词： TrkB Alzheimer BACE1 shC NFAT