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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第3期3卷 160-164页

作者： brian m. ross Division of m.dical Sciences at the Northern Ontario School of m.dicine in Thunder Bay Ontario MS 3002 Canada

Orthognathic surgery is frequently accom.anied by interm.xillary fixation. Interm.xillary fixation im.edes the m.intenance of effective oral hygiene and prolonged fixation can result in periodontal disease. A potential shorter term.effect is the generation of oral m.lodour. It is unclear, however, as to how the production of m.lodorous com.ounds in the oral cavity is altered post-surgery. Oral air concentration of sulphur containing com.ounds, short chain organic acids, am.onia, isoprene and acetone were m.asured using selected ion flow tube-m.ss spectrom.try in a patient who had undergone orthognathic surgery with subsequent interm.xillary fixation. Total sulphide levels rose approxim.tely 5-fold during fixation with m.tal ties, with sm.ller increases recorded for the other com.ounds m.asured with the exception of isoprene which rem.ined close to baseline levels. Organic acid levels declined m.rkedly once elastic ties had replaced m.tal ties, with a lesser reduction being observed in sulphide levels, with both declining further after the com.encem.nt of a chlorhexidinecontaining m.uthwash. These data suggest that bacterial generation of a variety of m.lodorous com.ounds increases m.rkedly following interm.xillary fixation. This single case also suggests that the use of elastic ties and effective oral hygiene techniques, including the use of chlorhexidine m.uthwash, m.y help am.liorate such post-surgical effects.

关键词： oral m.lodour halitosis oral hygiene breath analysis organic acids sulphides m.ss spectrom.try

The Relationship between Im.aired m.thylnicotinate Response and Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第2期4卷 141-146页

作者： brian m. ross Iain Glen Northern Ontario School of m.dicine Lakehead University Ontario Canada University of the Highlands and Islands Inverness UK

m.A response applied m.thylnicotinate (m.A) results in an arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase-dependent vasodilatatory response which is dim.nished in patients with schizophrenia. This observation has been suggested to form.the basis of a diagnostic test for the illness although the potential utility of such a procedure is dim.nished since the underlying m.chanism.is unclear. In this study we sought to discover if reduced m.A response in schizophrenia is related to increased oxidative stress i.e. whether or not the two m.asures are negatively correlated with each other. m.A response was assessed visually in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls and com.ared to the extent of oxidative stress in each participant assessed by quantifying the lipid peroxidation product ethane in breath. Serum.vitam.n E, a lipid soluble antioxidant, concentrations was also assessed. While m.A response was correlated with breath ethane concentrations, the expected relationship between the two m.asures was not observed. Instead a positive relationship between them.suggests that som. patients with schizophrenia have im.aired fatty acid utilization leading to both dim.nished lipid peroxidation and cyclo-oygenation. This was not related to vitam.n E concentrations, however, suggesting that lipid soluble anti-oxidant availability did not underlie our findings. Our data shed further light on the m.chanism.of im.aired m.A response in schizophrenia and support the notion that this occurs consequent to a change in lipid m.tabolism.

关键词： Ethane Breath Fatty Acid Schizophrenia Niacin

Increased breath ethane and pentane concentrations in currently unm.dicated patients with schizophrenia

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2011年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： brian m. ross Sandeep Shah m.lcolm.Peet 不详

Schizophrenia is a com.on and debilitating m.ntal illness. The disorder is thought to be developm.ntal in origin, with oxidative stress being im.licated as possible pathophysiological m.chanism. Breath alkanes provide a non-invasive m.ans to assess oxidative stress, with ethane levels reportedly increased in m.dicated patients with schizophrenia. It is possible, however, that the psychotropic m.dications used to treat the disorder result in elevated breath ethane levels. We have therefore m.asured the concentration of ethane and pentane, m.rkers of oxidative stress, in the breath of currently unm.dicated patients with schizophrenia. Alveolar breath sam.les were collected, applied to therm.l desorption tubes, and analyzed using a com.ination of two-stage therm.l de-sorption, gas chrom.tography and m.ss spectrom.try. Com.ared to healthy controls ethane and pentane levels were found to be elevated in patients with schizophrenia, while levels of butane were norm.l. Our data support the notion that oxidative stress is increased in schizophrenia and that this is unlikely to be a consequence of antipsychotic m.dications. In addition, breath alkane analysis m.y represent a rapid and non-invasive m.ans to m.nitor oxidative stress occurring in schizophrenia.

关键词： Breath Analysis Alkane Schizophrenia Ethane Pentane

Em.rging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William.J.Flerlage m.rk L.Dell’Acqua brian m.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniform.d Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Departm.nt of Pharm.cology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a m.jor contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying em.tional and m.od dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Sim.ons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct m.lecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through com.lex interactions organized by num.rous m.ltivalent protein scaffolds,including the fam.ly of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Use of non-tim.er forest products from.invasive alien Prosopis species(m.squite) and native trees in South Africa: im.lications for m.nagem.nt

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Forest Ecosystem. 2015年第3期2卷 197-207页

作者： ross T Shackleton David C Le m.itre brian W van Wilgen David m.Richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Centre for Invasion Biology Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIR

Background: Prosopis species have been introduced to m.ny areas outside their native range to provide benefits to local com.unities. Several Prosopis species and their hybrids(hereafter "m.squite") have, however, becom. naturalised and invasive and now generate substantial costs. m.nagem.nt options are lim.ted because of the com.lex conflicts of interest regarding benefits and costs. m.nagem.nt policies and strategies m.st take account of such conflicts, but further insights are needed on the dim.nsions of uses and im.acts before such inform.tion can be usefully applied. Current policy in South Africa allows for the growth and use of m.squite in one province,but not in others where its control is m.ndatory. We report on a study to quantify the direct use and perceptions of non-tim.er forest products(NTFPs) from.m.squite and native trees in South ***: Sem.-structures household interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups to identify what tree products are used, to ascertain am.unts used as well as to gauge perceptions of natural resource use between different tree species and use over ***: The direct household use value of native trees was higher than that of m.squite, and local stakeholders attached greater value to products from.native trees than from.m.squite. Therefore, native trees are and will still be preferentially harvested, and m.squite is unlikely to offer protection to native species by providing an alternative source of products. m.squite pods do, however, provide valuable additional resources(fodder and m.dicinal products). The use of both native trees and m.squite is decreasing as the incom.s of poorer households rise and as alternative energy sources becom. available. The benefits and reliance on m.squite are not as high as previously assum.d and the im.acts from.m.squite invasions create large problem. for local ***: This study provides further evidence that the im.acts of m.squite exceed the benefi

关键词： Biological invasions Conflicts of interests Cost v

IRX14 and IRX14-LIKE, Two Glycosyl Transferases Involved in Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis

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m.lecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 834-841页

作者： brian D. Keppler Allan m. Showalter Departm.nt of Environm.ntal and Plant Biology Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Ohio University 315 Porter Hall Athens OH 45701-2979 USA

IRX14 and IRX14-LIKE （IRX14L） are two closely related glycosyl transferases in the glycosyl transferase 43 （GT43） fam.ly of Arabidopsis. A T-DNA insertion m.tant for IRX14 results in com.aratively m.nor changes, such as irregular xylem. while a m.tation for IRX14L results in no changes. However, an irx14 and irx14L double m.tant severely affects growth and developm.nt, with the dwarf plants failing to produce an inflorescence stem. Plants that are hom.zygous for IRX14 but heterozygous for IRX14L （irx14 irx14L（±）） exhibit an interm.diate phenotype, including noticeably sm.ller leaves, stem., and underdeveloped siliques. Additionally, the T-DNA insertion m.tant for IRX14 was found to result in a drought-tolerant phenotype. Carbohydrate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed a reduction in xylose for the irx14 and irx14 irx14L（±） m.tants, consistent with a defect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. Im.unolocalization of xylan with the Lm.0 antibody revealed a loss of xylan in irx14 m.tants and a further reduction in the irx14 irx14L（±） m.tants. IRX14L likely functions redundantly with IRX14 in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis, with IRX14 having a m.re im.ortant role in the process.

关键词： Abiotic/environm.ntal stress cell walls genetics Arabidopsis irregular xylem xylan.

Postnatal roles of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor fam.ly m.m.ers in nociceptors plasticity

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 571-578页

作者： Sacha A. m.lin brian m. Davis Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA Departm.nt of Neurobiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA

The neurotrophin and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) fam.ly of growth factors have been extensively studied because of their proven ability to regulate developm.nt of the peripheral nervous *** neurotrophin fam.ly,which includes nerve growth factor(NGF),NT-3,NT4/5 and BDNF,is also known for its ability to regulate the function of adult sensory *** recently,little was known concerning the role of the GNDF-fam.ly(that includes GDNF,artem.n,neurturin and persephin) in adult sensory neuron *** we describe recent data that indicates that the GDNF fam.ly can regulate sensory neuron function,that som. of its m.m.ers are elevated in inflam.atory pain m.dels and that application of these growth factors produces pain in *** we discuss how these two fam.lies of growth factors m.y converge on a single m.m.rane receptor,TRPV1,to produce long-lasting hyperalgesia.

关键词：胶质细胞神经系统敏感性电位香草酸亚型1 TRPV1

Transcriptom. Analysis of Arabidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim.Trichom.s Identifies Four Additional Genes Required for Trichom. Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 803-822页

作者： m. David m.rks Jonathan R Wenger Edward Gilding ross Jilk Richard A. Dixon Departm.nt of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St Paul MN 551108 USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Wisconsin-River Falls River Falls Wl 54022 USA Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Transcriptom. analyses have been perform.d on m.ture trichom.s isolated from.wild-type Arabidopsis leaves and on leaf trichom.s isolated from.the g13-sst sim.double m.tant, which exhibit m.ny attributes of im.ature trichom.s. The m.ture trichom. profile contained m.ny highly expressed genes involved in cell wall synthesis, protein turnover, and abiotic stress response. The m.st highly expressed genes in the g13-sst sim.profile encoded ribosom.l proteins and other proteins involved in translation. Com.arative analyses showed that all but one of the genes encoding transcription factors previously found to be im.ortant for trichom. form.tion, and m.ny other trichom.-im.ortant genes, were preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim.trichom.s. The analysis of genes preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim.led to the identification of four additional genes required for norm.l trichom. developm.nt. One of these was the HDG2 gene, which is a m.m.er of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor gene fam.ly. m.tations in this gene did not alter trichom. expansion, but did alter m.ture trichom. cell walls. m.tations in BIT resulted in a loss of trichom. branch form.tion. The relationship between bit and the phenotypically identical m.tant, sti, was explored. m.tations in PEL3, which was previously shown to be required for developm.nt of the leaf cuticle, resulted in the occasional tangling of expanding trichom.s. m.tations in another gene encoding a protein with an unknown function altered trichom. branch form.tion.

关键词： Cell wall cell differentiation hom.odom.in wax trichom.

Adult neurogenesis from.reprogram.ed astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 973-979页

作者： brian B.Griffiths Anvee Bhutani Creed m.Stary Departm.nt of Anesthesiology Pain & Perioperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine

The details of adult neurogenesis,including environm.ntal triggers,region specificity,and species hom.logy rem.in an area of intense *** or halting age-related cognitive dysfunction,or restoring neurons lost to disease or injury represent just a fraction of potential therapeutic *** neurons can derive from.stem.cells,pluripotent neural progenitor cells,or non-neuronal glial cells,such as *** m.st be epigenetically"reprogram.ed"to becom. neurons,which can occur both naturally in vivo,and via artificial exogenous *** neural progenitor cells are localized to a few neurogenic zones in the adult brain,astrocytes populate alm.st every brain *** this review,we will sum.arize recent research into neurogenesis that arises from.conversion of post-m.totic astrocytes,detail the genetic and epigenetic pathways that regulate this process,and discuss the possible clinical relevance in supplem.nting stem.cell neurogenic therapies.

关键词： astrocyte brain dedifferentiation developm.nt disease glia injury neurogenesis

m.DELING THE PRIVATE FINANCIAL RETURNS FROm.GREEN BUILDING INVESTm.NTS

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第1期2卷 97-105页

作者： brian ross m.rio López-Alcalá Arthur A.Sm.ll Colum.ia University’s School of International and Public Affairs 不详 Departm.nt of m.teorology The Pennsylvania State University

INTRODUCTION We analyze the financial returns to a green building renovation project for a sm.ll com.ercial office building in the urban *** with a com.arable conventional renovation,the LEED renovation required addit... 详细信息

关键词： LEED building returns