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Early Cretaceous overprinting of the Mesozoic Daqing Shan fold-and-thrust belt by the Hohhot metamorphic core complex,Inner Mongolia,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2010年第1期1卷 1-20页

作者： Gregory A.Davis brian j.Darby Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0740USA ExxonMobil Exploration Company HoustonTXUSA

The Early Cretaceous Hohhot metamorphic core complex （mcc） of the Daqing Shan （Mtns.） of central Inner Mongolia is among the best exposed and most spectacular of the spatially isolated mcc＇s that developed within the northern edge of the North China ＂craton＂. All of these mcc＇s were formed within the basement of a Late Paleozoic Andean-style arc and across older Mesozoic fold-and-thrust belts of variable age and tectonic vergence. The master Hohhot detachment fault roots southwards within the southem margin of the Daqing Shan for an along-strike distance of at least 120 km. Its geometry in the range to the north is complicated by interference patterns between （1） primary, large-scale NW-SE-trend- ing convex and concave fault corrugations and （2） secondary ENE-WSW-trending antiforms and syn- forms that folded the detachment in its late kinematic history. As in the Whipple Mtns. of California, the Hohhot master detachment is not of the Wernicke （1981） simple rooted type; instead, it was spawned from a mid-crustal shear zone, the top of which is preserved as a mylonitic front within Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks in its exhumed lower plate. 4~Ar-39Ar dating of siliceous volcanic rocks in basal sections of now isolated supradetachment basins suggest that crustal extension began at ca. 127 Ma, although lower-plate mylonitic rocks were not exposed to erosion until after ca. 119 Ma. Essentially synchronous cooling of bornblende, biotite, and muscovite in footwall mylonitic gneisses indicates very rapid exhumation and at ca. 122--120 Ma. Contrary to several recent reports, the master detachment clearly cuts across and dismembers older, north-directed thrust sheets of the Daqing Shah foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Folded and thrust-faulted basalts within its foredeep strata are as young as 132.6 ± 2.4 Ma, thus defining within 5--6 Ma the regional tectonic transition between crustal contraction and profound crustal extension.

关键词： North China Yin Shah Daqing Shan Hohhot mcc Cretaceous extension

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Mapping microstructure to shock-induced temperature fields using deep learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 516-523页

作者： Chunyu Li juan Carlos Verduzco brian H.Lee Robert j.Appleton Alejandro Strachan School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The response of materials to shock loading is important to planetary science,aerospace engineering,and energetic *** activated processes,including chemical reactions and phase transitions,are significantly accelerated by energy localization into *** result from the interaction of the shockwave with the materials’microstructure and are governed by complex,coupled processes,including the collapse of porosity,interfacial friction,and localized plastic *** mechanisms are not fully understood and the lack of models limits our ability to predict shock to detonation transition from chemistry and microstructure *** demonstrate that deep learning can be used to predict the resulting shock-induced temperature fields in composite materials obtained from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with the initial microstructure as the only *** accuracy of the Microstructure-Informed Shock-induced Temperature net(MISTnet)model is higher than the current state of the art and its evaluation requires a fraction of the computation cost.

关键词： microstructure Microstructure friction

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Basal diet and indigestible marker influence apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids of cottonseed meal and soybean meal in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 234-240页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo Neil j.Gannon brian j.Leury Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia BPTP Central java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia

This study was to determine the apparent ileal nitrogen(N)and amino acid digestibilities of cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate-based and more complex wheat-based *** five Large White × Landrace boars(40.9 kg)were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments:a wheat diet,40% CSM in either a sugar:starch(1:1)or wheat-based diet,or 40% SBM in either a sugar:starch or wheat-based diet for 14 *** diets contained vitamins,minerals,and contained acid-insoluble ash(AIA)and Cr2 O3 as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/pig per d)in3 meals/d on d 1-11 and 8 meals/d on d *** d 14,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8 th meal,pigs were anaesthetised with isoflurothane,and ileal and faecal digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal injection of *** ileal digestibility(AID)of N was greater(12.1%)when CSM was fed in the wheat-based diet as compared to the simple carbohydrate-based diet,whereas apparent ileal N digestibility of SBM was slightly lower(-4.5%)in the wheat-based diet as compared to the sugar:starch-based *** ileal amino acid digestibility generally respondeds similarly to ***,while there was a wide difference in apparent N and amino acid digestibilities of SBM and CSM when they were fed in the sugar:starch-based diets,these differences were less apparent when they were fed the wheat-based *** was an apparent net release of N into the hindgut of pigs fed CSM in both base ***,there was quite substantial apparent digestion of N in the hindgut of pigs fed SBM in both base *** use of Cr2 O3 as an indigestible marker resulted in lower apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities than using AIA,particularly for diets containing *** data demonstrate that the basal diet and choice of indigestible marker can substantially influence the estimate of apparent N digestibility,this response can differ for different protein meals.

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility

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Spatial distribution of soil hydraulic parameters estimated by pedotransfer functions for the jialing River Catchment,Southwestern China

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journal of Mountain Science 2016年第1期13卷 29-45页

作者： LEI Wen-juan TANG Xiang-Yu brian j.REID ZHOU Xiang-Yang Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR4 7T JUK College of Water Resource&Hydropower University of SichuanChengdu 610065China

Soil hydraulic parameters θs,α,n,Ks,L and θr of the van Genuchten-Mualem model were estimated using three pedotransfer functions(PTFs) based on soil properties for surface soils of the largest main tributary catchment(the jialing River) of the upper Yangtze River in *** soil database was from the second national soil survey of China with a spatial 30 × 30 arc-second *** to the statistical analysis of the differences between the continuous-PTFs-estimated values of soil hydraulic parameters for the study catchment and the reference values for a specific texture class provided in the development database of a specific PTF,best estimations were obtained using the W?sten *** Rawls & Brakenssiek PTF was good estimation for parameter θr that was assumed as zero by W?sten *** established higher θr(0.08%) and lower Ks(20 cm/d) and θs(0.43%) in the mid-downstream area relative to the other areas of the catchment could lead to larger amounts of surface runoff andconsequently provide higher energy to erode ***,these factors provide a supporting explanation for previously reported severe soil erosion occurring in this *** heterogeneity analysis for estimated hydraulic parameters in terms of semivariogram showed that the spatial correlation distance was in the range of 50-80 km and that the spatial variability(sill) was not large except for parameters Ks and *** semi-variance with the exponential model at the zero distance(nugget) was 30%-50% of the *** study provided a practical PTF approach for estimating soil hydraulic properties from soil survey data at a large watershed *** estimation results could provide better insight into the mechanism of surface runoff and soil erosion,which is important to better understand and manage erosion in the catchment.

关键词： hydraulic catchment erosion downstream runoff texture exponential heterogeneity watershed fitted

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State-of-the-Art management of knee osteoarthritis

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第2期3卷 89-101页

作者： Kenton H Fibel Howard j Hillstrom brian C Halpern Department of Medicine Primary Care Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory Department of RehabilitationHospital for Special Surgery

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common type of arthritis found in the United States' population and is also the most common disease of joints in adults throughout the world with the knee being the most frequently affected of all joints. As the United States' population ages along with the increasing trends in obesity prevalence in other parts of the world, it is expected that the burden of OA on the population, healthcare system, and overall economy will continue to increase in the future without making major improvements in managing knee OA. Numerous therapies aim to reduce symptoms of knee OA and continued research has helped to further understand the complex pathophysiology of its disease mechanism attempting to uncover new potential targets for the treatment of OA. This review article seeks to evaluate the current practices for managing knee OA and discusses emerging therapies on the horizon. These practices include non-pharmacological treatments such as providing patient education and self-management strategies, advising weight loss, strengthening programs, and addressing biomechanical issues with bracing or foot orthoses. Oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories are pharmacologicals that are commonly used and the literature overall supports that some of these medications can be helpful for managing knee OA in the short-term but are less effective for long-term management. Additionally, more prolonged use significantly increases the risk of serious associated side effects that are not too uncommon. Diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drugs are being researched as a treatment modality to potentially halt or slow disease progression but data at this time is limited and continued studies are being conducted to further investigate their effectiveness. Intra-articular injectables are also implemented to manage knee OA ranging from corticosteroids to hyaluronans to more recently plateletrich plasma and even stem cells while several other injection therapies are presently b

关键词： Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Knee osteoarthritis Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Osteoarthritis management Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs Hyaluronic acid Arthroscopy Platelet-rich plasma Corticosteroids Stem cells

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Effects of monoculture-conditioned soils on common tallgrass prairie species productivity

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journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 474-484页

作者： Thomas P.McKenna brian j.Darby Kathryn A.Yurkonis Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas2101 Constant Ave.Takeru Higuchi HallLawrenceKS 66047USA Department of Biology University of North Dakota10 Cornell Street Stop 9019Grand ForksND 58202USA

Aims Within biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments,it is widely understood that yields of some species rapidly decline when planted in *** effect may arise due to decreased access to soil nutrients or an increase in detrimental soil patho-gens within monoculture *** determine whether or not soil conditioning affects tall grass prairie species biomass produc-tion,we conducted a field experiment to assess species growth in conspecifically and heterospecifically conditioned soils and a greenhouse experiment to elucidate how conspecific soil biota affected species *** To test for species-specific soil effects,seedlings of the legume Astragulus canadensis,the cool-season grass Elymus canaden-sis,the forb Helianthus maximiliani and the warm-season grass Panicum virgatum were grown in field plots that had either been conspecifically or heterospecifically conditioned over 2 *** growth was recorded over a single growing season,and soils were assessed for differences in their nematode(mesofauna)*** of these species were additionally grown over a 6-week period in conspecifically conditioned soil that was either untreated,heated to 60°C,sterilized(autoclaved at 120°C)or heated to 60°C and reinoculated with conspecific soil *** two heating treatments were used to compare growth responses between a low-and high-temperature soil *** reinoculation treatment was used to assess the effect of soil biota in light of any nutrient changes that may have occurred with soil *** Findings Elymus canadensis,*** and *** growth was improved in field plots conditioned by the legume *** com-pared with their growth in conspecifically conditioned(home)*** variation(grass versus nongrass)in their soil nematode com-munities,there was no evidence to suggest that these three species were inhibited by conspecific or functionally conspecific soil condi-tioning in the ***

关键词： Astragulus canadensis diversity Elymus canadensis Helianthus maximiliani monoculture overyielding Panicum virgatum productivity soil biota soil conditioning

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Globodera pallida,a non-transgenic invertebrate as a new model for investigating Alzheimer’s disease(and other proteinopathies)?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 113-114页

作者： Norah A.Althobaiti Farid Menaa johnathan j.Dalzell brian D.Green Biology Department College of Science and Humanities-Al QuwaiiyahShaqra UniversityAl QuwaiiyahSaudi Arabia Departments of Internal Medicine and Nanomedicine Fluorotronics-California Innovations CorporationSan DiegoCAUSA Department of grassland and Plant Science AgriFood and Biosciences InstituteNorthern IrelandUK Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueen’s University BelfastBelfastUK

Biological models of Alzheimer’s disease(AD):Non-human models have contributed tremendously to the understanding of AD and its underlying pathological *** models have aided the investigation of the genetic and environmental risk *** also have enabled the progression of candidate therapies into human clinical *** of similarities with human brain anatomy and genetics,rodent models have been used extensively to recapitulate some aspects of AD pathology,measure AD-associated behavioral parameters and related nervous system dysfunctions(Eriksen and janus,2007).For instance,transgenic mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein have furthered the development of the amyloid cascade hypothesis as a central pillar of familial AD.

关键词： anatomy Alzheimer amyloid

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Measurement and quantification of caking in excipients and food products with emphasis on the non-homogeneous interaction with ambient moisture

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 75-83页

作者： Katrina Brockbank brian Armstrong jamie Clayton Freeman Technology Ltd 1 Miller CourtSevern DriveTewkesburyGloucestershireGL208DNUK

Whilst caking occurs via several different mechanisms,absorption and migration of moisture is frequently the most dominant mechanism within the food and pharmaceutical *** understanding the propensity to cake is important for minimising down-stream process issues,however most characterisation techniques assume that moisture induced caking occurs homogenously through the sample resulting in a uniformly caked powder *** this study,the effect of moisture induced caking on powder flowability was investigated using powder *** materials,including skimmed milk powder(SMP)and sulphated methyl ester(SME)were stored for several days under controlled humidity *** flow energies,a measure of the resistance to flow,were measured at 24 h intervals using an FT4 Powder *** the energy is measured as a function of the bed height,variations in the powder bed are also *** results demonstrated that caking does not always occur uniformly,instead a caked region(or crust)forms at the air-powder interface and then progresses through the powder ***,the strength of this caked region was shown to increase over several days before stabilising.

关键词： Powder Caking Crust formation Powder rheometry Relative humidity

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Explaining surface interactions for common associated gangues of rare earth minerals in response to the oxalic acid

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第2期28卷 343-346页

作者： Saeed Chehreh Chelgani brian Hart Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Surface Science Western University of Western Ontario

In the flotation of rare earth minerals(REMs), oxalic acid is reportedly acting both as a depressant and p H modifier. Although results of testing have established the significance of oxalic acid in the flotation process, its specific role in either the recovery or selectivity of REMs over their common gangue minerals is not well understood. Pulp p H reduction trials with alternative acids have not shown the same effect on the REMs recovery or the depression of gangue phases. This work studies the effect of oxalic acid on the surface of common REMs gangue minerals(quartz and carbonates(dolomite and calcite)) in a series of conditioning tests. Gangue surface analyses by time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy(TOFSIMS) indicate that oxalic acid inhibits the transfer of secondary ions generated during the conditioning process from one mineral to another. In this regard, the oxalate anion acts to fix ions in solution through chelation, limiting their participation in surface adsorption.

关键词： Oxalic acid Rare earth Silicate Carbonate TOF-SIMS

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Forming Process of Strong Anisotropic Material Based on the Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing with Radial Pressure

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第5期21卷 733-737页

作者： joachim DANCKERT Karl brian NIELSEN Department of Production Aalborg University Fibigerstraede 16 DK-9220Aalborg DenmarkDepartment of ProductionAalborg University Fibigerstraede 16 DK-9220Aalborg Denmark

The hydrodynamic deep drawing process enables net shape or near net shape forming of complicated sheet metal parts made from difficultly forming materials, such as aluminium or high strength steels. Based on the conventional hydrodynamic deep drawing process, a new process, hydrodynamic deep drawing process, in which radial pressure is applied to the rim of the blank, is proposed. This new process has been analysed using FEM simulations and the obtained results have been compared with the experimental results. The material used in the experiments was Al-Mg-Si alloy, and in the FEM-simulations the elastic-plastic behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloy was modelled using Barlat＇s 89 yield criteria.

关键词： Hydroforming Hydrodynamic deep draw Simulation Aluminum alloy

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