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The evolutionary strategies of plant defenses have a dynamic impact on the adaptations and interactions of vectors and pathogens

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 297-306页

作者： Ordom brian Huot Punya Nachappa Cecilia Tamborindeguy Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA

Plants have evolved and diversified to reduce the damages imposed by in- fectious pathogens and herbivorous insects. Living in a sedentary lifestyle, plants are constantly adapting to their environment. They employ various strategies to increase per- formance and fitness. Thus, plants developed cost-effective strategies to defend against specific insects and pathogens. Plant defense, however, imposes selective pressure on in- sects and pathogens. This selective pressure provides incentives for pathogens and insects to diversify and develop strategies to counter plant defense. This results in an evolution- ary arms race among plants, pathogens and insects. The ever-changing adaptations and physiological alterations among these organisms make studying plant-vector-pathogen interactions a challenging and fascinating field. Studying plant defense and plant protec- tion requires knowledge of the relationship among organisms and the adaptive strategies each organism utilize. Therefore, this review focuses on the integral parts of plant-vector- pathogen interactions in order to understand the factors that affect plant defense and disease development. The review addresses plant-vector-pathogen co-evolution, plant defense strategies, specificity of plant defenses and plant-vector pathogen interactions. Improving the comprehension of these factors will provide a multi-dimensional perspective for the future research in pest and disease management.

关键词： coevolution induced defense phytohormones plant-vector-pathogen interactions specificity of defense transmission mechanism

Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 330-340页

作者： Gerald C Shurson brian J Kerr Andrea R Hanson Department of Animal Science University of MinnesotaStPaulMN 55018USA usda-ars-national laboratory for agriculture and the environment Ames IA 50011USA svc-research St PeterMN 56082USA

Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition,quality, feeding value, and price among sources. Common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles,and unsaponifiables（MIU）, titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances（TBARS）, and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same ***, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBARS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a met

关键词： Growth Indicative tests Lipids Metabolic oxidation Peroxidation Pigs

The practice of mine ventilation engineering

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第2期25卷 165-169页

作者： Wallace Keith Prosser brian Stinnette J.Daniel Mine Ventilation Services Inc.

The practice of ventilation is continually evolving with new technological advances developed in the mining *** recent years the advances in diesel engine technologies,ventilation modeling software,and ventilation management capacities have redefined the historical methods used to evaluate *** advances re-evaluate previous methods used to calculate the airflow requirements for the dilution of diesel exhaust *** software has become an integral part of planning and developing ventilation systems in partnership with graphical mine design software packages to generate realistic representations of the *** advances in ventilation control strategies through remote sensors and monitoring capabilities have been developed to results in cost *** there has been much advancement in mine ventilation technology,the practices and basic ventilation principals enacted through the ventilation engineer cannot be placated with technological advances only.

关键词： Modern ventilation Ventilation on demand Diesel Airflow evaluation Monitoring system

Advanced Strategies to Improve Performances of Molybdenum-Based Gas Sensors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第12期13卷 337-382页

作者： Angga Hermawan Ni Luh Wulan Septiani Ardiansyah Taufik brian Yuliarto Suyatman Shu Yin Faculty of Textile Science and Engineering Shinshu University3-15-1 TokidaUedaNagano 386-8567Japan Advanced Functional Materials Research Group Institut Teknologi BandungBandung 40132Indonesia Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology(RCNN) Institut Teknologi BandungBandung 40132Indonesia Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material(IMRAM) Tohoku University2-1-1 KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan

Molybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor ***,molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunable structural and physicochemical properties that meet sensor *** materials have good durability,are naturally abundant,low cost,and have facile preparation,allowing scalable fabrication to fulfill the growing demand of susceptible sensor *** advances have been made in recent decades to design and fabricate various molybdenum oxides-and dichalcogenides-based sensing materials,though it is still challenging to achieve high ***,many experimental and theoretical investigations have been devoted to exploring suitable approaches which can significantly enhance their gas sensing *** review comprehensively examines recent advanced strategies to improve the nanostructured molybdenum-based material performance for detecting harmful pollutants,dangerous gases,or even exhaled breath *** summary and future challenges to advance their gas sensing performances will also be presented.

关键词： Molybdenum based MoO_3 MoS_(2) Gas sensing Advanced strategy

FOSSIL RIDGE HIGH SCHOOL

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Journal of Green Building 2006年第1期1卷 21-32页

作者： Corky Bradley brian Dunbar Josie Plaut RB+B Architects Inc. Institute for the Built Environment Colorado State University

INTRODUCTION A typical high school in Colorado costs about$1.00 per square foot per year to *** a comparable school be designed and built that could be heated and cooled for half the typical cost?Could such a school also become an outstanding place for teaching and learning?These questions were among the significant challenges given to the design team for Poudre School District’s recently completed Fossil Ridge High School,the fifth public high school in *** article examines the major steps,features,and results that have gone into this LEED Silver Certified school.

关键词： heated Silver steps

Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5806-5812页

作者： Orla M O'Neill brian T Johnston Helen G Coleman Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust

Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter ***,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per *** recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some *** aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be *** causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune *** of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible *** in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for *** classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to *** is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the *** achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal *** risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is ***,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective.

关键词： Epidemiology Achalasia Incidence Treatment Oesophageal cancer risk

Modelling low carbon transition and economic impacts under SSPs and RCPs based on GTIMES

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第6期12卷 858-870页

作者： YANG Lei SHI Jing-Cheng CHEN Wen-Ying James GLYNN brian O GALLACHOIR Institute of Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China MaREI Centre for Energy Climate and MarineEnvironmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkT12 K8AFIreland School of Engineering University College CorkCorkT12 K8AFIreland

The simulation of global and regional energy system transition and its potential mitigation cost could intuitively reflect the need for earlier climate mitigation actions. To explore the possible transitions of global and regional energy system, this study applied a 14-region energy system model (GTIMES) with scenarios designed using Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and detailed depicts the quantification of SSPs trajectories into GTIMES model. Modeling results show that: 1) Global energy-related CO_(2) emissions will reach 37–74 Gt by 2050 under reference scenarios, while they will decrease to 12–14 Gt under higher possibility pathways to reach 2 ℃ target, with ratios of non-fossil fuel round to 42%–46%. 2) Electrification level has to increase noticeably in regional transition with a global average level of about 44% to achieve significant emission reduction. 3) Higher level of mitigation cost would happen with the constraint mitigation target, as well as social and economic trajectories chosen. Therefore, following trajectories of sustainable development is necessary.

关键词： GTIMES model Shared social-economic pathways CO_(2)emission Energy consumption

Mapping microstructure to shock-induced temperature fields using deep learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 516-523页

作者： Chunyu Li Juan Carlos Verduzco brian H.Lee Robert J.Appleton Alejandro Strachan School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The response of materials to shock loading is important to planetary science,aerospace engineering,and energetic *** activated processes,including chemical reactions and phase transitions,are significantly accelerated by energy localization into *** result from the interaction of the shockwave with the materials’microstructure and are governed by complex,coupled processes,including the collapse of porosity,interfacial friction,and localized plastic *** mechanisms are not fully understood and the lack of models limits our ability to predict shock to detonation transition from chemistry and microstructure *** demonstrate that deep learning can be used to predict the resulting shock-induced temperature fields in composite materials obtained from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with the initial microstructure as the only *** accuracy of the Microstructure-Informed Shock-induced Temperature net(MISTnet)model is higher than the current state of the art and its evaluation requires a fraction of the computation cost.

关键词： microstructure Microstructure friction

Practical Considerations and Limitations of Using Leaf and Canopy Temperature Measurements as a Stomatal Conductance Proxy:Sensitivity across Environmental Conditions,Scale,and Sample Size

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第2期6卷 416-432页

作者： Ismael K.Mayanja Christine H.Diepenbrock Vincent Vadez Tong Lei brian N.Bailey Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development(IRD) UMR DIADEUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance

Stomatal conductance(gs)is a crucial component of plant physiology,as it links plant productivity and water loss through *** gs indirectly through leaf temperature(Tl)measurement is common for reducing the high labor cost associated with direct gs ***,the relationship between observed Tl and gs can be notably affected by local environmental conditions,canopy structure,measurement scale,sample size,and gs itself.

关键词： environmental temperature conditions canopy sample proxy scale leaf across conductance