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Adaptive Design of Fluorescence Imaging Systems for Custom Resolution, Fields of View, and Geometries

Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 260-273页

作者： Roujia Wang Riley J.Deutsch Enakshi D.Sunassee brian t.crouch Nirmala Ramanujam Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA

Objective and Impact Statement:We developed a generalized computational approach to design uniform,high-intensity excitation light for low-cost,quantitative fluorescence imaging of in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo samples with a single ***:Fluorescence imaging is a ubiquitous tool for biomedical *** extensively modify existing systems for tissue imaging,increasing the time and effort needed for translational research and thick tissue *** modifications are applicationspecific,requiring new designs to scale across sample ***:We implemented a computational model to simulate light propagation from multiple *** a global optimization algorithm and a custom cost function,we determined the spatial positioning of optical fibers to generate 2 illumination *** results were implemented to image core needle biopsies,preclinical mammary tumors,or tumor-derived *** were stained with molecular probes and imaged with uniform and nonuniform ***:Simulation results were faithfully translated to benchtop *** demonstrated that uniform illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis compared to nonuniform illumination and was concordant with traditional histological *** computational approach was used to optimize the illumination geometry for the purposes of imaging 3 different fluorophores through a mammary window chamber *** specifically designed for intravital tumor imaging generated higher image contrast compared to the case in which illumination originally optimized for biopsy images was ***:We demonstrate the significance of using a computationally designed illumination for in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo fluorescence *** illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis and enhanced the local contrast of biological *** approach is generalizable across light sources,biological appl

关键词： illumination Fluorescence image

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Facile synthesis of intra-nanogap enhanced Raman tags with different shapes

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8415-8423页

作者： Sanjun Fan brian t.Scarpitti Zhewen Luo Abigail E.Smith Jian Ye Zachary D.Schultz Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Hot spot engineering in plasmonic nanostructures plays a significant role in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)for bioanalysis and cell ***,creating stable,reproducible,and strong SERS signals remains challenging due to the potential interference from surrounding chemicals and locating SERS-active analytes into hot-spot ***,we developed a straightforward approach to synthesize intra-gap nanoparticles encapsulating 4-nitrobenzenethiol(4-NBt)as a reporter molecule within these gaps to avoid outside *** made three kinds of intra-gap nanoparticles using nanorods,bipyramids,and nanospheres as cores,in which the nanorods based intra-gap nanoparticles exhibit the highest SERS *** advantage of our method is the ease of preparation of high-yield and stable intra-gap nanoparticles characterized by a short incubation time(10 min)with 4-NBt and quick synthesis without requiring an additional step to centrifuge for the purification of core *** intense localized field in the synthesized hot spots of these plasmonic gap nanostructures holds great promise as a SERS substrate for a broad range of quantitative optical applications.

关键词： hot spot engineering surface enhanced Raman scattering intra-gap nanoparticles 4-nitrobenzenethiol

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Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves and the Formation of Boluses

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2024年第2期14卷 65-82页

作者： Hooman Enayati brian t. Helenbrook Department of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College Easton PA USA Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA

An internal solitary wave of elevation in a two-layer density stratified system of an incompressible, viscous and homogeneous fluid was studied. the run-up of a wave of elevation encountering different slopes was investigated numerically based on solving the continuity, Navier-Stokes and convective-diffusion equations within the Boussinesq approximation. the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to conduct the numerical simulations. For gradual shoals, a bolus formed that transported dense fluid up the shoal. the bolus disappeared when it reached its maximum height on the slope due to the draining of the dense fluid. Various shoal angles were simulated to detect the critical angle above which a bolus does not form. An angle of 30 or less resulted in the formation of a bolus. In addition, the simulations demonstrated that the size of the bolus induced by shallower slopes was larger and that the vertical height traveled by the bolus was insensitive to the slope of the shoal.

关键词： Internal Solitary Waves COMSOL Multiphysics Wave Breaking

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Why and how to use the SeqCode

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 1-13页

作者： Wiliam B.Whitman Maria Chuvochina brian P.Hedlund Konstantinos t.Konstantinidis Marike Palmer Luis M.Rodriguez-R lain Sutcliffe Fengping Wang Deparment of Microbioogy University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUAA Schoolof Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Australian CentreforEogenomicsThe Universty of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia University of Nevada Las Vegas Las VegasNevadaUSA Schol of Civil and Environmental Engineering and School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Department of Microbiology University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA Department of Microbiology and Digital Science Center(DiSC) University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria Faculty of Health&Life Sciences Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK School of Oceanography International Center for Deep Life InvestigationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

the SeqCode,formally called the Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data,is a new code of nomenclature in which genome sequences are the nomenclatural types for the names of prokaryotic *** similar to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes(ICNP)in structure and rules of priority,it does not require the deposition of type strains in international culture ***,it allows for the formation of permanent names for uncultured prokaryotes whose nearly complete genome sequences have been obtained directly from environmental DNA as well as other prokaryotes that cannot be deposited in culture *** the diversity of uncultured prokaryotes greatly exceeds that of readily culturable prokaryotes,the SeqCode is the only code suitable for naming the majority of prokaryotic *** start date of the SeqCode was January 1,2022,and the online Registry(https://***)was created to ensure valid publication of *** SeqCode recognizes all names validly published under the ICNP before *** that date,names validly published under the SeqCode compete with ICNP names for *** a result,species can have only one name,either from the SeqCode or ICNP,enabling effective communication and the creation of unified taxonomies of uncultured and cultured *** SeqCode is administered by the SeqCode Committee,which is comprised of the SeqCode Community and elected administrative *** with an interest in the systematics of prokaryotes is encouraged to join the SeqCode Community and participate in the development of this resource.

关键词： genome sequences metagenome-assembled genomes nomenclature SeqCode

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CD200Rhigghh neutrophils with dysfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory t cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 349-361页

作者： Ye Seon Kim Yu Sun Jeong Geon Ho Bae Ji Hyeon Kang Mingyu Lee brian A.Zabel Yoe-Sik Bae Department of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Health Science and technology SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research Veterans Affairs HospitalPalo AltoCA94304USA

Distinct neutrophil populations arise during certain pathological *** generation of dysfunctional neutrophils during sepsis and their contribution to septicemia-related systemic immune suppression remain *** this study,using an experimental sepsis model that features immunosuppression,we identified a novel population of pathogenic CD200R^(high) neutrophils that are generated during the initial stages of sepsis and contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory t(t_(reg))*** to their CD200R^(low)counterparts,sepsis-generated CD200Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired autophagy and dysfunction,with reduced chemotactic migration,superoxide anion production,and tNF-α*** soluble CD200 blocks autophagy and neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow during experimental sepsis,and recombinant CD200 treatment in vitro can induce neutrophil dysfunction similar to that observed in CD200R^(high) *** administration of anα-CD200R antibody effectively reversed neutrophil dysfunction by enhancing autophagy and protecting against a secondary infection challenge,leading to increased *** analysis revealed that CD200R^(high) neutrophils expressed high levels of Igf1,which elicits the generation of treg cells,while the administration of anα-CD200R antibody inhibited treg cell generation in a secondary infection *** together,our findings revealed a novel CD200R^(high) neutrophil population that mediates the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced systemic immunosuppression by generating treg cells.

关键词： Sepsis Neutrophils CD200R Autophagy IGF-1 Regulatory t cells

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Cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention and INtERHEARt risk stratification among middle-aged adults in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 61-70页

作者： Siew-Keah Lee Ang-Lim Chua Clement Heng Yew Fong Ban Hao brian Cong Wen Ling Ng Jing Feng Kong Yik-Ling Chew Kai Bin Liew Yang Shao M.Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARAMalaysia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Pharmacy University of CyberjayaMalaysia the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University China

Objective:to investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INtERHEARt risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in ***:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January *** completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INtERHEARt risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final *** were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent ***:there was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(Ption).Notably,individuals with higher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural ***,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the CVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(Ptional level,smoking status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(Pthese findings underscore the importance of promoting car

关键词： Cardiovascular risk Knowledge Risk perception Behavioural intention INtERHEARt Middle-aged Lifestyle Physical activity Psychosocial stress

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A comparison of genetic risk score with family history for estimating prostate cancer risk

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 515-519页

作者： brian t Helfand Division of Urology NorthShore University HealthSystem University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 2650 Ridge Avenue Evanston IL 60201 USA.

Prostate cancer （PCa） testing is recommended by most authoritative groups for high-risk men including those with a family history of the disease. However, family history information is often limited by patient knowledge and clinician intake, and thus, many men are incorrectly assigned to different risk groups. Alternate methods to assess PCa risk are required. In this review, we discuss how genetic variants, referred to as PCa-risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms, can be used to calculate a genetic risk score （GRS）. GRS assigns a relatively unique value to all men based on the number of PCa-risk SNPs that an individual carries. this GRS value can provide a more precise estimate of a man＇s PCa risk. this is particularly relevant in situations when an individual is unaware of his family history. In addition, GRS has utility and can provide a more precise estimate of risk even among men with a positive family history. It can even distinguish risk among relatives with the same degree of family relationships. taken together, this review serves to provide support for the clinical utility of GRS as an independent test to provide supplemental information to family history. As such, GRS can serve as a platform to help guide-shared decision-making processes regarding the timing and frequency of PCa testing and biopsies.

关键词： family history genetic risk score prostate cancer single-nucleotide polymorphisms

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Anatomy of a eustatic event during the turonian (Late Cretaceous) hot greenhouse climate

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 20-29页

作者： Bilal U. HAQ brian t. HUBER Department of Paleobiology MRC-121Smithsonian InstitutionWashington D C 20013USA Sorbonne ISTEP Pierre&Marie Curie UniversityParis 75005France

Sequence stratigraphic studies consider relative change in sea level(as regulated by eustasy,local tectonics and sediment supply)as the main builder of the stratigraphic *** has generally been considered as a consequence of the growth and decay of continental ice sheets that would explain large,rapid changes in sea level,even during periods of relative global climatic ***,such a mechanism has become increasingly difficult to envision during times of extreme global warmth such as the turonian,when the equator-to-pole temperature gradient was very low and the presence of polar ice seems *** paper investigates the timing and extent of sea level falls during the late Cenomanian through turonian,especially the largest of those events,sequence boundary Ktu4,which occurred during the middle to late turonian peak of the Cretaceous hot greenhouse *** conclude that the amplitude of the widespread third-order sea level fall in the middle turonian that is centered at^91.8 Ma varies at different locations depending on the influence of dynamic topography on local tectonics and regional climatic *** volume variations seem unlikely as a mechanism for controlling sea level at this ***,this causal factor cannot be ruled out completely since Antarctic highlands(if they existed in the Late Cretaceous)could sequester enough water as ice to cause eustatic *** ascertain this requires detailed tomographic imaging of Antarctica,followed by geodynamic modeling,to determine whether high plateaus could have existed to accumulate ephemeral ice *** mechanisms for sea level change,such as transference between ground water(a small amplitude shorter time scale effect)and the ocean and entrainment and release of water from the mantle to the oceanic reservoir(a potentially large amplitude and longer time scale process),are intriguing and need to be explored further to prove their efficacy at third-order time scales.

关键词： Eustatic event turonian Hot greenhouse climate

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所有的汽车都应该是电动的吗?

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中学生英语 2024年第11期 31-32页

作者： brian S.McGrath 陈佳(译) 不详武汉市光谷五小

让更多的电动汽车上路的竞赛正在进行中。但根据2021年的一项调查,超过一半的美国成年人不希望逐步淘汰燃油汽车。让我们来看看国外学生的看法。

关键词：燃油汽车电动汽车逐步淘汰成年人

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take only pictures, leave only...fear？ the effects of photography on the West Indian anole Anolis cristatellus

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 77-82页

作者： brian HUANG Katie LUBARSKY tiffany tENG Daniel t. BLUMStEIN Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

Ecotourism encourages an environmentally friendly exploration of the world＇s natural habitats. tourists often engage in wildlife photography, an activity that is generally not considered disturbing to animals. We investigated the effects of cam- era-related stimuli to determine whether shutter noise and/or flash affected the immediate behavior of female crested anoles Ano- lis cristaellus. Anoles decreased their display rate following stimuli that included shutter noises, but did not change their behavior in response to flash or silence treatments. to determine the relative importance of this response, we observed anole behavior fol- lowing playbacks of calls from kestrels Falco sparverius, a predator, and bananaquits Coereba flaveola, a non-predator. Anoles decreased display rates following kestrel calls when compared to their response to bananaquit calls. Furthermore, anoles spent a greater proportion of time displaying following bananaquit calls compared to both kestrel calls and silence. the magnitude of response to shutter noises was about the same as that to predator calls. this demonstrates that photography may not be as benign as commonly believed, and we should consider whether restrictions on camera noises should be implemented to reduce ani- mal disturbance

关键词： Antipredator Behavior Ecotourism Photography Anoles Multimodal Risk Assessment

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