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Increasing the value of weather-related warnings

Science Bulletin 2019年第10期64卷 647-649页

作者： Qinghong Zhang Liye Li Beth Ebert brian Golding David Johnston brian mills Shannon Panchuk Sally Potter Michael Riemer Juanzhen Sun Andrea Taylor Sarah Jones Paolo Ruti Julia Keller HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Deutscher Wetterdienst Research and Development Offenbach 6306乙 Germany World Weather Research Division World Meteorological Organization Geneva 1211 Switzerland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Met Office Exeter Devon EXI 3PB UK GNS Science/Massey University Willington 6140 New Zealand University of Waterloo and Environment and Climate Change Canada Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada Institute of Atmospheric Physics University of Mainz Mainz 55128 Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Despite advances in forecasting and emergency preparedness, weather related disasters continue to cost many lives, to displace populations and to cause wide-spread damage. Therefore, High Impact Weather Project (HIWeather), a 10-year research project (https://***/en/resources/buHetin/hiweather-10-yearresearch- project), was established in 2016 by WM0 (World Meteorology Organization) WWRP (World Weather Research Program: https://***/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/wwrp_new_en. html). HIWeather aimed at achieving dramatic improvements in the effectiveness of weather-related hazard warnings, following recent advancement in numerical weather prediction at km-scale and in disaster risk reduction. The implementation plan was developed under the concept of warning chain, which comprises all components and the connections between to a successful weather-hazards warning: observations, weather forecast, hazard forecast, impact forecast, the generation of warnings and decision making (Fig. 1). A successful warning relies on information produced by the meteorological and related physical sciences, thus its effectiveness of delivery depends on applications of social, behavioral and economic sciences. The workshop of WM0 High Impact Weather Project was held in Beijing during 20-22 November of 2018, attracted a diverse and interdisciplinary group of over 70 scientists from 25 countries in the broad field of physical and social science, during which all elements of the warning chain were discussed critically.

关键词： Despite advances forecasting and emergency weather related disasters

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A Comparison of Two Macroinvertebrate Multi-Plate Sampling Methods to Inform Great Lakes Monitoring and Remediation Efforts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第12期14卷 933-953页

作者： Roger Yeardley brian Duffy Kimani Kimbrough Jim Lazorchak Marc A. mills Ed Johnson Office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Albany USA National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring USA

Hester-Dendy (HD) multi-plate samplers have been widely used by state and federal government agencies for bioassessment of water quality through use of macroinvertebrate community data. To help guide remediation and restoration efforts at the Niagara River Great Lakes Area of Concern site, a multi-agency study was conducted in 2014 to assess the contribution of seven major urban tributaries on the US side of the river toward the impairment of the Niagara River. As part of this study, macroinvertebrate communities were sampled using two co-located versions of HD samplers: one version used by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and another by the US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. Samplers were deployed in tributaries in highly developed watersheds with high percent impervious surface. The two sampling methods varied in terms of number and size of plates, between-plate spacing, and deployment method. Comparison of the similarity/grouping of communities with multivariate ordination techniques, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling and Multi-Response Permutation Procedure, showed that both methods were able to detect differences in communities at stations, despite some grouping by month and method. The indices and metrics derived from the two HD methods were found to give comparable but not identical assessments of water quality. Despite their differences, the methods were robust with respect to water quality categories derived from indices used nationally (HBI) and by NY state (BAP). For the common richness metrics, total taxa and EPT richness, there was no statistical difference between means from 3 samplings. Some metrics, especially percent tolerant collector-gatherer individuals, did show significant differences at certain stations. Indicator Species Analysis showed some taxa associated with each method. The observed community differences were thought mostly due to the difference in sampler deploymen

关键词： Hester-Dendy Multi-Plate Samplers Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Great Lakes Methods Area of Concern

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未来的汽油——煤经由合成气制汽油

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煤炭转化 1981年第2期 29-35+28页

作者： brian M.Harney,G.Alex mills,祝岳民美国能源部美国能源部

当甲醇合成工艺同莫比尔的甲醇一汽油方法相结合时,从煤得到的合成气可制成高辛烷汽油。这个结合看来可与氢化液化相抗衡。

关键词：莫比尔雷德蒸汽压汽油燃料油合成气合成氨生产液体燃料

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降低日粮粗蛋白并添加单体氨基酸对断奶——育肥猪生长性能和营养排泄的影响(下)

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猪业科学 2022年第12期39卷 18-20页

作者：何颖朱威力(编译) Caitlin E.Vonderohe Kayla M.mills Shule Liu Matthew D.Asmus Emily R.Otto-Tice brian T.Richert Ji-Qin Ni John Scott Radcliffe 重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心重庆400067 焦作禾丰饲料有限公司河南焦作454584 不详

综合来看,在生长第2阶段(d84)结束之前,NH3排放量无显著差异(P>0.05),其中饲喂对照组日粮的猪只每头排放的NH_(3)总量高于2X组,而IX组排放量介于二者之间(P<0.05)。在生长第3阶段,饲喂2X组日粮的猪只相较于对照组继续产生更少NH_(3)累积... 详细信息

综合来看,在生长第2阶段(d84)结束之前,NH3排放量无显著差异(P>0.05),其中饲喂对照组日粮的猪只每头排放的NH_(3)总量高于2X组,而IX组排放量介于二者之间(P<0.05)。在生长第3阶段,饲喂2X组日粮的猪只相较于对照组继续产生更少NH_(3)累积量,而IX组介于二者之间(P=0.0057)。

关键词：猪生长性能日粮粗蛋白累积量

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The Effects of an Applied Voltage on the Corrosion Characteristics of Dense MgO

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Engineering（科研） 2010年第7期2卷 496-501页

作者： brian Joseph Monaghan Sharon April Nightingale Qiang Dong Michael Funcik 不详

In a recent investigation mills and Riaz [1] showed that industrial oxide refractory corrosion by liquid oxides could be changed by the application of a small voltage across the liquid oxide-refractory interface. They explained their result in terms of penetration of the refractory pores with liquid oxide. Their analysis of the corrosion effect was to some degree limited by the use of an industrial refractory material in the study. Further, it was not clear whether their findings were limited to solely industrial refractories or had wider ranging application to more dense ceramic type solid oxide systems. In this study, a simpler and more easily characterized solid oxide (dense MgO) has been used to examine the effects of an applied voltage on the solid oxide in a liquid oxide melt. The dissolution rate of an MgO ceramic in a CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2- Fe2O3-FeO-MgO liquid oxide composition at various applied voltages has been measured at 1540°C. It was found that the MgO corrosion in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system was insensitive to an applied voltage over the voltage range –0.5 to 0.3 V. In the CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-FeO-MgO liquid oxide system the MgO corrosion rate showed a maximum at –0.45 V. This effect has been explained by considering the consequences of an applied voltage on the rate of Marangoni flow at the liquid oxide-refractory-gas interface and in turn, the flow effect on the rate of the mass transfer controlled MgO dissolution reaction.

关键词： Slags Liquid Oxide Refractory MgO Electrode Potential

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In Process Particle Size Distribution Measurements and Control for Jet Milling Processes

In Process Particle Size Distribution Measurements and Contr...

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Third Joint China/USA Chemical Engineering Conference

作者： Erik Gommeren Henk G.Merkus brian Scarlett PARSAT DuPont Experimental StationWilmington 19880 DEUSA Particle Technology Group Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 1362628 BL DelftThe Netherlands Particle Technology Group Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 1362628 BL DelftThe Netherlands

＜正＞Jet milling is often used when a well-defined particle size distribution is required. This process avoids excessive heat production as well as contamination of the product. This makes jet milling very suitable for processing of plastics, pharmaceuticals and food additives. The major disadvantage of the process is the very poor energy efficiency. In practice jet mills have to be operated below their maximum capacity in order to avoid the production of off-specification material, due to the operation disturbances. Therefore, it is important to automate operation with a real-time PSD instrument for quality control. A technique for in-line particle size measurement using laser diffraction is reported, which has been used to improve operation control of the jet mill grinding system. A CMOS pixel array sizer could be a more robust and flexible sizing sensor in this application than the exiting laser diffraction instrument.

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Schottky Diode Technology at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Schottky Diode Technology at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Microwave Technology & Computational Electromagnetics(ICMTCE 2011)

作者： Byron Alderman Manju Henry Hoshiar Sanghera Simon Rea brian Ellison Peter.de.Maagt STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory OxfordshireUK European Space Agency NL 2200 AG NoodwijkThe Netherlands

Most parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are well understood and exploited,but the terahertz region between the microwave and infrared is still relatively under *** receiver applications are wide-ranging and cross-disciplinary,spanning the physical,biological,and medical *** this spectral region,Schottky diode technology is uniquely *** MMIC amplifiers are generally limited to frequencies less than ～200 GHz,above which their noise performance rapidly *** circuits,which require cooling,may not always be *** as varistor diodes （heterodyne mixing）,or varactor diodes （sub-millimetre power generation）,Schottky technology underpins terahertz receiver *** important developments have occurred in recent ***,the underpinning technology base has demonstrably *** Schottky diode technology has been shown to be practical at frequencies as high as 2,500 GHz,and frequency multipliers have been shown to be capable of generating 100s of mW at frequencies around ***,circuit designs can now be optimised theoretically with CAD electromagnetic structure simulators and non-linear analysis *** high-speed computer controlled mills,improved lithographic capabilities and micro-machining techniques also offer exciting new options for cavity and circuit *** paper describes the Schottky diode technology currently being developed at the Rutherford Appleton *** diode components are described as well as integrated diode/filter *** multiplier diode structures are reported which include novel substrate transfer techniques to reduce the effects of dielectric loading and self-heating.

关键词： About Terahertz Schottky Diode

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The Optical and Two-Photon Properties of Amylose-Encapsulated Chromophore

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 199-203页

作者： David Sukwon Chung James Kenneth Park Judy Sulki Lee Choong Sung Lee Ester Yang Moon-Jun brian Kim Sung-Jae Chung Division of Biology and Medicine Brown University Providence 02912 USA Jefferson High School Shenandoah Junction WV25442 USA McDonogh School Owings Mills MD 21117 USA Glenelg Country School Ellicott City MD 21042 USA Mount Holyoke College South Hadley MA 01075 USA Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Cornell University NY 14850 USA Chemistry School of Arts and Sciences Marymount University VA 22207 USA

Encapsulation of DASP (4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-1-octylpyridinium bromide) with amylose, and conformational transitions of amylose upon complexation with the dyes were investigated using UV-vis, fluorescence and two-photon absorption properties in various Dimethyl Sulfoxide ( DMSO)/H2O mixtures. Encapsulation of the dye was achieved by dilution of DMSO stock solutions of the chromophores (1 × 10-3 M) and amylose (1 × 10-1 M) with DMSO, followed by a dropwise addition of H2O with continuous stirring at room temperature. At less than 40% aqueous DMSO solutions, the chromophores had a stable encapsulation with amylose and showed over 100 times the fluorescence intensity of non-encapsulated chromophores. Both of the dye solution with and without amylose also exhibit 2PA (two-photon absorption), as determined by nonlinear absorption measurements using 10 ns laser pulses at 800 nm. The respective values of two-photon cross-sections are 13.3 × 10-20 for encapsulated dye solution and 2.53 × 10-20 cm4/GW for non encapsulated dye solution. The data clearly indicate that the contribution of the encapsulated dye dominates the two-photon absorption cross-section of the non encapsulated dye at 800 nm.

关键词：双光子吸收直链淀粉发色团包封染料溶液络合染料 DMSO 性质

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