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Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy:population co-occurrence,genetic correlations and causal effects

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 103-111页

作者： Viktor H Ahlqvist Christina Dardani Paul Madley-Dowd Harriet Forbes jessica Rast Caichen Zhong Renee M Gardner Christina Dalman Kristen Lyal cRAIG Newschaffer Torbjorn Tomson Michael Lundberg Daniel Berglind Neil M Davies brian K Lee Cecilia Magnusson Dheeraj Rai Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Centre for Academic Mental Health Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK A.j.Drexel Autism Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region StockholmStockholmSweden K.G jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Division of Psychiatry University Collge LondonLondonUK Department of Statistical Sciences University Cllge LondonLondonK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BristoBristolUK Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health TrustBristolUK

Background Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** for the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and epilepsy remain poorly *** We aimed to triangulate the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions to determine the extent and possible origins of these *** Using nationwide Swedish health registries,we quantified the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with *** then used summarydata from genome-wide association studies to investigate whether the identified observational associations could be attributed to a shared underlying genetic aetiology using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score ***,we assessed the potential bidirectional relationships using two-sample Mendelian *** In a cohort of 7628495 individuals,we found that almost half of the 94435 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were also diagnosed with a psychiatric condition in their lifetime(adjusted lifetime prevalence,44.09%;95%confidence interval(Cl)43.78%to 44.39%).We found evidence for a genetic correlation between epilepsy and some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric *** example,we observed a genetic correlation between epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(r,=0.18,95%Cl 0.09 to 0.27,p<0.001)—a correlation that was more pronounced in focal epilepsy(r=0.23,95%CI 0.09 to 0.36,p<0.001).Findings from Mendelian randomisation using common genetic variants did not support bidirectional effects between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric *** Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** correlations may partially explain some comorbidities;however,there is little evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the genetic liability of epilepsy and psychiatric *** findings highlight the need to understand the role of environmental factors or rare genetic variations in the origins of psy

关键词： epilepsy Psychiat lifetime

AASLD慢性乙型肝炎临床指南(2007)精粹

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AASLD慢性乙型肝炎临床指南(2007)精粹

Reply to Letter by Dr. Christoph Kupferschmid： Commentary on ＂Countries with high circumcision prevalence have lower prostate cancer mortality＂

中国医师协会感染科医师分会成立大会暨首届感染科医师论坛

作者： Anna S.F.Lok brian j.mc Mahon

美国肝病研究协会(AASLD)关于《慢性乙型肝炎的临床实践指南》(《指南》) 最近再次更新,并经 AASLD 批准,代表学会立场,刊登于 Hepatology 2007年第2 期(Lok AS,mcMahon ***,2007,45:507-539)。《指南》更新遵循既往原

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 950-951页

作者： Mitchell S Wachtel Shengping Yang brian j Morris Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas USA School of Medical Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia

Dear Editor, We thank Dr. Kupferschmid for his interest in our study, which examined male circumcision （mc） and prostate cancer mortality〉2 Considerable strong evidence has been accumulated since 1951.3 Most of his references4-10 do not address mc and the risk of death from prostate cancer. That is a different question than mc and the risk of developing prostate cancer, which none of his references validly assess. One reference addressed bacterial colonization,6 not prostate cancer. Another7 concerned sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer.

关键词： EPIDEMIOLOGY RISK

Radon bearing water protection in underground uranium mining--A case study

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 599-603页

作者： Yun Xiaoyou Tang Baoyao Greg Murdock brian mcGill brian Mattie mcArthur River Operation Cameco Corporation Saskatoon S7M 1J3 Canada

High pressure, radon bearing water has been identified as one of the most critical challenges in mining the high-grade uranium deposit at the mc Arthur River Operation, Cameco Corporation. The ore deposits are located between 490 and 640 m below the surface and surrounded by water bearing Athabasca sandstone, a graphitic P2 fault zone, and highly altered ground. This paper introduces the inflow risk management program at mc Arthur River Operation, which includes various hydrogeological challenges and the corresponding strategies applied, such as risk-based probe and grout programs(geological, hydrogeological, and geotechnical), ground freezing programs, and comprehensive ground control programs. These programs have been developed, tested, and proven successful over years of mining practices. Working with this world class deposit of high risk and low tolerance, it is believed that these experiences might be beneficial to other mining operations with similar hydrogeological characteristics.

关键词： Inflow risk management Geotechnical and development probe and grout programs Dewatering infrastructure Ground freezing Ground control

Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1585-1594页

作者： Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus j Murphy brian T johnston Harry Comber jim mc Guigan john V Reynolds Liam j Murray Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences Queen's UniversityBelfastNorthern Ireland Royal Group of Hospitals BelfastNorthern Ireland National Cancer Registry CorkIreland St.james's Hospital DublinIreland

AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal ***:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 *** participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk ***:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's *** but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

关键词：巴雷特氏食管食管腺癌风险因子 FINBAR研究抽烟癌前病变

Management and prevention of acute and chronic lateral ankle instability in athletic patient populations

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World journal of Orthopedics 2015年第2期6卷 161-171页

作者： Brendan j.mc Criskin Kenneth L Cameron justin D Orr brian R Waterman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation William Beaumont Army Medical Center the john A. Feagin jr Sports Medicine Fellowship Keller Army HospitalUS Military AcademyWest Point

Acute and chronic lateral ankle instability are common in high-demand patient populations. If not managed appropriately, patients may experience recurrent instability, chronic pain, osteochondral lesions of the talus, premature osteoarthritis, and other significantlong-term disability. Certain populations, including young athletes, military personnel and those involved in frequent running, jumping, and cutting motions, are at increased risk. Proposed risk factors include prior ankle sprain, elevated body weight or body mass index, female gender, neuromuscular deficits, postural imbalance, foot/ankle malalignment, and exposure to at-risk athletic activity. Prompt, accurate diagnosis is crucial, and evidence-based, functional rehabilitation regimens have a proven track record in returning active patients to work and sport. When patients fail to improve with physical therapy and external bracing, multiple surgical techniques have been described with reliable results, including both anatomic and nonanatomic reconstructive methods. Anatomic repair of the lateral ligamentous complex remains the gold standard for recurrent ankle instability, and it effectively restores native ankle anatomy and joint kinematics while preserving physiologic ankle and subtalar motion. Further preventative measures may minimize the risk of ankle instability in athletic cohorts, including prophylactic bracing and combined neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. These interventions have demonstrated benefit in patients at heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain and allow active cohorts to return to full activity without adversely affecting athletic performance.

关键词： Ankle instability Athlete Treatment Epidemiology Prevention Lateral Sprain

Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: A population-based case-control study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 4002-4008页

作者： Helen G Coleman Ronan T Gray Kar W Lau Conall mc Caughey Peter V Coyle Liam j Murray brian T johnston Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast Regional Virus Laboratory Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Royal Victoria HospitalBelfast

AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia ***: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia ***: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology.

关键词： Achalasia Risk factors Epidemiology Lifestyle Socio-economic status

Expertise and Ideology in Statistical Evaluation of Circumcision for Protection against HIV Infection

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World journal of AIDS 2017年第3期7卷 179-203页

作者： brian j. Morris Gia Barboza Richard G. Wamai john N. Krieger School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney Australia Department of Cultures Societies and Global Studies School of Criminology and Criminal Justice Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of African-American Studies Northeastern University Boston MA USA School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA Section of Urology VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA USA

Aim: To critically evaluate data and arguments by Van Howe defending his stance opposing male circumcision (mc), in particular his meta-regression analyses evaluating the ability of mc to reduce HIV infection risk in heterosexual populations within and outside Africa. Methods: We performed metaregression analysis of log odds of HIV infection between uncircumcised and circumcised men using a single covariate (mc prevalence) in the meta-regression model involving the metareg package in STATA 13 for 103 populations worldwide and for populations within Africa. The meta-regression of log odds and mc prevalence was fitted to a line, as were empirical Bayes estimates resulting from post-estimation. Results: Our critical evaluation of Van Howe’s arguments attempting to undermine the scientific evidence in support of the benefits of mc in protection of men against HIV during heterosexual intercourse, as well as other infections and conditions, together with his use of statistics to support his beliefs, revealed serious flaws, obfuscation and missing data. We therefore performed our own meta-regression analysis using a trivariate model. Doing so revealed that for mc prevalences of 50%, 75% and 100% for general populations within Africa, odds ratios for HIV risk in uncircumcised vs. circumcised men were 1.35, 1.58 and 1.85, respectively. Our meta-regression analysis of data for all countries yielded similar findings. For a general population outside Africa with 100% mc prevalence, OR was 1.5. Van Howe failed to acknowledge that since mc prevalence in US whites (91%) and blacks (76%) exceeds 75% his results support mc having a protective effect in those population groups. Conclusions: The protective effect of mc against HIV infection during heterosexual intercourse applies to populations both within and outside Africa. The debate engineered by mc opponents, and led by Van Howe, now appears to have run its course. The scientific evidence has prevailed.

关键词： Male Circumcision Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Prevalence Prevention Meta-Regression Global Health

Exogenous phosphatidic acid reduces acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by activating hepatic interleukin-6 signaling through inter-organ crosstalk

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3836-3846页

作者： Melissa M.Clemens Stefanie Kennon-mcGill joel H.Vazquez Owen W.Stephens Erich A.Peterson Donald j.johann Felicia D.Allard Eric U.Yee Sandra SmcCullough Laura P.james brian N.Finck Mitchell R.mcGill Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Graduate SchoolUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Fay W.Boozman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Winthrop P.Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR2205USA Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Center for Dietary Supplement Research University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA

We previously demonstrated that endogenous phosphatidic acid(PA)promotes liver regeneration after acetaminophen(APAP)***,we hypothesized that exogenous PA is also *** test that,we treated mice with a toxic APAP dose at 0 h,followed by PA or vehicle(Veh)*** then collected blood and liver at 6,24,and 52 ***-treatment with PA 2 h after APAP protected against liver injury at 6 h,and the combination of PA and N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)reduced injury more than NAC ***,PA did not affect canonical mechanisms of APAP ***,transcriptomics revealed that PA activated interleukin-6(IL-6)signaling in the *** with that,serum IL-6 and hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3)phosphorylation increased in PA-treated ***,PA failed to protect against APAP in IL-6-deficient ***,IL-6 expression increased 18-fold in adipose tissue after PA,indicating that adipose is a source of PA-induced circulating ***,however,exogenous PA did not alter regeneration,despite the importance of endogenous PA in liver repair,possibly due to its short *** data demonstrate that exogenous PA is also beneficial in APAP toxicity and reinforce the protective effects of IL-6 in this model.

关键词： Acute liver injury Acute liver failure Adipokine Cytokine Dietary supplement Drug-induced liver injury Hepatotoxicity Lipid