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Early terrestrial and lunar anorthosites:Comparative geochemistry and evolutionary processes

Geoscience frontiers 2024年第6期15卷 348-366页

作者： Paul Sotiriou Ali Polat Tim Kusky brian f.windley School of the Environment University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4Canada GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen 91054BayernGermany Center for Global Tectonics State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei ProvincePR China School of Geography Geology and the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK

In a paper in 1970,brian windley first recognised that early terrestrial and lunar anorthosites both have calcic plagioclase,and low TiO_(2)and high CaO and Al_(2)O_(3)*** these similarities,the geochemistry of early terrestrial and lunar anorthosites has not been rigorously compared and *** this end,we compiled 425 analyses from 212 early terrestrial anorthosite occurrences and 306 analyses from 16 lunar anorthosite *** was supplemented by a compilation of plagioclase anorthite(An)contents and pyroxene Mg#from early terrestrial and lunar *** terrestrial anorthosites have lower whole-rock An contents but similar Mg#to lunar *** CaO contents of lunar anorthosites are higher than those of early terrestrial anorthosites for a given MgO and Al_(2)O_(3)content,early terrestrial anorthosites have higher SiO_(2)contents than lunar anorthosites at a given MgO content,and lunar anorthosites have higher Eu/Eu*anomaly ratios yet broadly similar La/Yb and Nd/Sm ratios than early terrestrial *** early terrestrial anorthosites have less fractionated chondrite-normalised rare earth element(REE)patterns and less prominent positive Eu anomalies than lunar *** anorthosites have higher plagioclase An contents,yet a similar range of pyroxene Mg#compared to their early terrestrial *** early terrestrial anorthosites are more fractionated than some lunar *** interpretations imply that most early terrestrial anorthosites crystallised from basaltic parental magmas that were generated by high-degree partial melting of sub-arc asthenosphere mantle wedge sources that were hydrated by slab-derived fluids,with the remainder being associated with mid-ocean ridge and mantle plume *** of the arc-related early terrestrial anorthosites were influenced by crustal *** addition,early terrestrial anorthosites originated from partial melting of the mantle at variou

关键词： Early terrestrial anorthosites Lunar anorthosites Geochemistry Mineral chemistry

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Geological Evidence for the Operation of Plate Tectonics throughout the Archean:Records from Archean Paleo-Plate Boundaries

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第6期29卷 1291-1303页

作者： Timothy M.Kusky brian f.windley Ali Polat State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Center for Global Tectonics School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences Department of Geology University of Leicester Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Windsor

Plate tectonics describes the horizontal motion of rigid lithospheric plates away from midoceanic ridges and parallel to transforms, towards deep-sea trenches, where the oceanic lithosphere is subducted into the mantle. This process is the surface expression of modern-day heat loss from Earth. One of the biggest questions in Geosciences today is ＂when did plate tectonics begin on Earth＂ with a wide range of theories based on an equally diverse set of constraints from geology, geochemistry, numerical modeling, or pure speculation. In this contribution, we turn the coin over and ask ＂when was the last appearance in the geological record for which there is proof that plate tectonics did not operate on the planet as it does today＂. We apply the laws of uniformitarianism to the rock record to ask how far back in time is the geologic record consistent with presently-operating kinematics of plate motion, before which some other mechanisms of planetary heat loss may have been in operation. Some have suggested that evidence shows that there was no plate tectonics before 800 Ma ago, others sometime before 1.8–2.7 Ga, or before 2.7 Ga. Still others recognize evidence for plate tectonics as early as 3.0 Ga, 3.3–3.5 Ga, the age of the oldest rocks, or in the Hadean before 4.3 Ga. A key undiscussed question is： why is there such a diversity of opinion about the age at which plate tectonics can be shown to not have operated, and what criteria are the different research groups using to define plate tectonics, and to recognize evidence of plate tectonics in very old rocks？ Here, we present and evaluate data from the rock record, constrained by relevant geochemical-isotopic data, and conclude that the evidence shows indubitably that plate tectonics has been operating at least since the formation of the oldest rocks, albeit with some differences in processes, compositions, and products in earlier times of higher heat generation and mantle temperature, weaker oceanic lithosphere, hotte

关键词： Archean tectonics ophiolite OPS(oceanic plate stratigraphy) orogeny

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Subaqueous early eruptive phase of the late Aptian Rajmahal volcanism,India:Evidence from volcaniclastic rocks,bentonite,black shales,and oolite

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Geoscience frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 809-822页

作者： Naresh C.Ghose Nilanjan Chatterjee brian f.windley G/608 Raheja ResidencyKoramangala Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Geology The University of Leicester

The late Aptian（118-115 Ma） continental flood basalts of the Rajmahal Volcanic Province（RVP） are part of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province,and constitute the uppermost part of the Gondwana Supergroup on the eastern Indian shield *** lower one-third of the Rajmahal volcanic succession contains thin layers of plant fossil-rich inter-trappean sedimentary rocks with pyroclasts,bentonite,grey and black shale/mudstone and oolite,whereas the upper two-thirds consist of sub-aerial fine-grained aphyric basalts with no inter-trappean *** the eastern margin and the north-central sector of the RVP,the volcanics in the lower part include rhyolites and dacites overlain by enstatite-bearing basalts and *** pyroclastic rocks are largely felsic in composition,and comprise ignimbrite as well as coarse-grained tuff with lithic clasts,and tuff breccia with bombs,lapilli and ash that indicate explosive eruption of viscous rhyolitic *** rhyolites/dacites（〉68 wt.%） are separated from the andesites（〈 60 wt.%） by a gap in silica content indicating their formation through upper crustal anatexis with only heat supplied by the basaltic *** the other hand,partially melted siltstone xenoliths in enstatite-bearing basalts suggest that the enstatite-andesites originated through mixing of the upper crust with basaltic magma,crystallizing orthopyroxene at a pressure-temperature of ~3 kb/1150℃.In contrast,the northwestern sector of the RVP is devoid of felsic-intermediate rocks,and the volcaniclastic rocks are predominantly mafic（basaltic） in ***,the presence of fine-grained tuffs,tuff breccia containing sideromelane shards and quenched texture,welded tuff breccia,peperite,shale/mudstone and oolite substantiates a subaqueous *** on these observations,we conclude that the early phase of Rajmahal volcanism occurred under predominantly subaqueous *** presence of grey and black shale/mudstone in the lower one-third of

关键词： Rajmahal basalt Andesite Rhyolite Pyroclast Black shale Oolite

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Rollback,scissor-like closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and formation of an orocline:magmatic migration based on a large archive of age data

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 167-178页

作者： Tao Wang Ying Tong Wenjiao Xiao Lei Guo brian f.windley Tatiana Donskaya Shan Li Narantsetseg Tserendash Jianjun Zhang Beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key Laboratory of Earth Probe and Geodynamics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Geology and the EnvironmentUniversity of Leicester Institute of the Earth's Crust Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Tracing the closure of oceans with irregular margins and the formation of an orocline are crucial for understanding plate reconstruction and continental *** eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt,where the Mongol-Okhotsk orocline is situated,is one of the world’s largest magmatic *** a large data set of U-Pb zircon ages,we updated the timing of many published igneous rocks,which allowed us to recognize tightly ’folded’ linear Carboniferous-Jurassic magmatic belts that wrap around the Mongol-Okhotsk suture and their migrations both sutureward and *** new successive magmatic belts reveal a rollback,scissor-like(or zipper-like) closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean that was fundamentally controlled by coeval subduction rollback and rotation of the Siberian and Mongolian-Erguna *** study also demonstrates the complex mechanisms and processes of the closure of an ocean with irregular margins and the formation of a consequent orocline.

关键词： magmatic migration ocean closure orocline Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean

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Arc-ophiolite obduction in the Western Kunlun Range(China):implications for the Palaeozoic evolution of central Asia

Arc-ophiolite obduction in the Western Kunlun Range(China):i...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2002学术年会

作者： brian f.windley Department of Geology University of Leicester Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of TechnologyO-okayama 2-12-1MeguroTokyo 152-8511Japan

The nature of the"Kudi ophiolite"in the Western Kunlun Range is hotly *** new structural-geochemical data reveal that it is actually an arc-ophiolite comprising:(1) arc/ophiolite-derived turbidites of two generations containing Late Ordovician-Silurian and Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous radiolaria;(2) a central intra-oceanic(Yixieke) arc with basalt-andesite-tuff-agglomerate;(3) lower(Buziwan) oceanic crust containing *** propose the following tectonic ***-dipping subduction in the Late Cambrian to earliest Ordovician generated the Yixieke arc on top of the Buziwan oceanic *** subduction led to emplacement of the arc northwards onto the North Kunlun terrane(Tarim block),creating an active continental margin with northward subduction below *** Kudi ophiolite was thrust southeastward over the incoming Kudi continental(gneiss) terrane in the mid-Ordovician/*** a tectonic hiatus in the Kudi region Late Devonian-Carboniferous subduction further west led to the Oytag arc formerly regarded as an equivalent of the Kudi *** Permian arc lavas and Late Triassic granites in the Xiananqiao arc south of Kudi mark the resumption of north-dipping subduction before final collision with the incoming Qiangtang *** with the Lapeiquan ophiolite in the Eastern Kunlun assists regional correlation along this Palaeozoic orogen and constrains Cenozoic displacement of the Altyn Tagh fault.

关键词： Kudi arc-ophiolite obduction Andean-type orogen Western Kunlun Range

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Carboniferous-Triassic subduction and accretion in the western Kunlun,China:implications for the collisional and accretionary tectonics of the northern Tibetan plateau

Carboniferous-Triassic subduction and accretion in the weste...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2002学术年会

作者： brian f.windley Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8511Japan

A newly defined,250 km by 500 km,Carboniferous-Triassic subduction-accretion complex,the Mazar accretionary prism in the western Kunlun,comprises two subduction complexes and a forearc-basin succession.(1) The Bazar Dara subduction complex contains imbricated blocks of sandstone,arenite,limestone and meta-volcanic rocks in a matrix of weakly metamorphosed Triassic deep-sea *** meta-volcanic rocks include basalt,diabase,spilite,and andesitic *** element geochemistry shows that pillow and amygdaloidal basalts are oceanic-island *** zone has Ordovician to Permian fossils and is situated on the older, more highly deformed and metamorphosed side of the prism adjacent to the Sailiyak magmatic arc. (2) The Heweitan subduction complex is composed of blocks of limestone,turbidite,and radiolarite in a slate-phyllite matrix intercalated with calc-alkalic volcanic *** complex has Permian to Triassic fossils and is situated on the younger,less deformed,and metamorphosed side of the prism adjacent to the suture zone.(3) The Qitai forearc basins are infilled with turbidites(Late Triassic) intercalated with carbonates;these rocks overlie the accretionary *** accretion-related structure is dominated by large-scale northeast-dipping thrusts and subvertical cleavage stitched by 215-190 Ma *** is an overall decrease in metamorphic grade and deformation intensity from the arc to the suture zone across the Bazar Dara and Heweitan subduction *** Mazar accretionary prism formed by subduction-accretion processes during closure of the Paleotethyan Ocean and the final docking of the Gondwanan Karakoram-Qiangtang block to the Cathaysian(Eurasian) Kunlun block.

关键词： western Kunlun accretionary prism subduction accretion arc

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Multiple Accretionary Orogenesis and Episodic Growth of Continents:Insights from the Western Kunlun Range,Central Asia

Multiple Accretionary Orogenesis and Episodic Growth of Cont...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： brian f.windley Department of Geology University of LeicesterLeicester LE1 7RHUnited Kingdom

The Western Kunlun Range in northwestern Tibet records a history of enlargement of the Central Asian *** the Early Ordovician a south-dipping intra-oceanic subduction-accretion complex was accreted to the Tarim block,forming an Andean-type margin in the Late *** margin grew southward(present-day coordinates) in the Early Silurian,with an accretionary complex on its southern side against which the Kudi gneiss-schist complex was *** sediments continued to infill forearc/intra-arc basins on the top of the arc-accretionary complexes during Devonian -Carboniferous *** the Early to Mid-Carboniferous,tectonic and magniatic quiescence is indicated by an absence of volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Kudi area,whereas subduction was still active in the western part of the range in the Gaz area near the present-day Pamir syntaxis.A Late Carboniferous-Permian to Early Mesozoic accretionary arc and forearc developed in front of the Andean-type margin,indicating that north-dipping subduction was renewed in the Late Carboniferous. final collision of the Karakoram-North Qiangtang block to the western Kunlun orogenic collage by the Mid-Jurassic resulted in closure of *** accretion and development of the Western Kunlun orogen contributed huge quantities of material for the crustal growth of Asia.

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Accretion leading to collision and the Permian Solonker suture,Inner Mongolia,China:Termination of the central Asian orogenic belt

Accretion leading to collision and the Permian Solonker sutu...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： brian f.windley Department of Geology University of Leicester

The Solonker suture records the termination of the central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).However, tectonic development of the Solonker suture is poorly *** report new field data for the Ondor Sum mel ange in the Ulan vall... 详细信息

关键词： Solonker suture accretion Permian Paleo-Asian ocean Inner Mongolia.

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Onset of aridification by 34 Ma across the Eocene-Oligocene transition in Central Asia

Onset of aridification by 34 Ma across the Eocene-Oligocene ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Jimin Sun brian f.windley State Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Department of Geology University of Leicester

Cenozoic climate has changed markedly from a warm, wet climate to the present cool, dry glacial-interglacial cycles. The largest of these cooling steps is thought to have taken place across the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Terrestrial airborne eolian loess is a direct result of land aridification;therefore, the prolonged formation of thick eolian loess deposits provides a key to aridification history in the geological past. However, the oldest eolian loess in the Asian interior has been dated to only 25–22 Ma. Here we present new sedimentological, geochemical, and magnetostratigraphic data from Cenozoic sections in southwestern Mongolia to show that the earliest eolian dust accumulation occurred by 34 Ma, 0 m.y. earlier than currently believed. We suggest that this oldest eolian dust accumulation provides direct evidence for enhanced aridification across the Eocene-Oligocene transition in Central Asia;this is explicable by reduced moisture transport caused by prevailing westerlies during retreat of the Neotethys Ocean. These climatic changes were related to the changing regional plate configuration as well as to global cooling and ice-sheet growth in Antarctica.

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Contrasting styles of mineralization in the Chinese Altai and East Junggar,NW China:implications for the accretionary history of the southern Altaids

Contrasting styles of mineralization in the Chinese Altai an...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）学术年会

作者： brian f.windley CAMERON D.QUINN Department of Geology University of LeicesterLeicester LE1 7RHUK

The Chinese Altai-East Junggar collage in the southern Altaids hosts three metallogenic belts, which are,from north to south:(1) a volcanogenic massive sulphide(VMS) Cu-Pb-Zn belt;(2) a belt of shear zone-related gold deposits;(3) a porphyry Cu-Au-Mo *** VMS deposits formed in two pulses(c. 405 Ma and c.375 Ma) in the Chinese Altai *** porphyry deposits developed in three pulses in the East Junggar arc,the first two synchronous with the VMS mineralization,and the third at c.330 *** shear zone-related gold deposits developed in the late Carboniferous to Permian at the contact between the Chinese Altai and East Junggar ***-space distributions of diverse ore deposits across the Altai-East Junggar collage indicate that the collage developed from two independent arcs,the Chinese Altai and the East Junggar. The VMS and porphyry deposits developed in the Chinese Altai and East Junggar arcs,*** Chinese Altai arc is interpreted to be a Japanese-type arc,and the East Junggar arc a Mariana-type *** the latest Palaeozoic,the two arcs were juxtaposed by the Erqis fault,when many shear zone-related lode gold deposits were *** metallogenic distributions were a likely response to spatially localized mechanisms of crust growth and to the tectonic evolution of the Altai-East Junggar collage,and they are consistent with interpretation of the Altaids as a multiple subduction-accretion collage.

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