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Recent Ad.ances in the Mod.lling and.Analysis of Opinion d.namics on Influence Networks

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International Journal of Automation and.computing 2019年第2期16卷 129-149页

作者： brian d.O.And.rson Mengbin Ye Research School of Engineering Australian National University School of Automation Hangzhou Dianzi University d.ta61-Commonwealth Scientific and.Ind.strial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Faculty of Science and.Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG)University of Groningen

A fund.mental aspect of society is the exchange and.d.scussion of opinions between ind.vid.als, occurring in situations as varied.as company board.ooms, elementary school classrooms and.online social med.a. After a very brief introd.ction to the established.results of the most fund.mental opinion d.namics mod.ls, which seek to mathematically capture observed.social phenomena, a brief d.scussion follows on several recent themes pursued.by the authors build.ng on the fund.mental id.as. In the first theme, we stud. the way an ind.vid.al′s self-confid.nce can d.velop through contributing to d.scussions on a sequence of topics, reaching a consensus in each case,where the consensus value to some d.gree reflects the contribution of that ind.vid.al to the conclusion. d.ring this process, the ind.vid.als in the network and.the way they interact can change. The second.theme introd.ces a novel d.screte-time mod.l of opinion d.namics to stud. how d.screpancies between an ind.vid.al′s expressed.and.private opinions can arise d.e to stubbornness and.a pressure to conform to a social norm. It is also shown that a few extremists can create "pluralistic ignorance", where people believe there is majority support for a position but in fact the position is privately rejected.by the majority. Last, we consid.r a group of ind.vid.als d.scussing a collection of logically related.topics. In particular, we id.ntify that for topics whose logical interd.pend.ncies take on a cascad. structure,d.sagreement in opinions can occur if ind.vid.als have competing and.or heterogeneous views on how the topics are related. i.e., the logical interd.pend.nce structure varies between ind.vid.als.

关键词： Opinion d.namics social networks influence networks agent-based mod.ls, multi-agent systems networked systems

Current protective strategies in liver surgery

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6098-6103页

作者： Kurinchi S Gurusamy Hector d.Gonzalez brian R d.vid.on HPB and.Liver Transplantation Royal Free CampusUniversity College London Medical SchoolRoyal Free Hospital

d.ring liver resection surgery for cancer or liver transplantation,the liver is subject to ischaemia (red.ction in blood.flow) followed.by reperfusion (restoration of blood.flow),which results in liver injury [ischemiareperfusion (IR) or IR injury]. Mod.lation of IR injury can be achieved.in various ways. These includ. hypothermia,ischaemic precond.tioning (IPC) (brief cycles of ischaemia followed.by reperfusion of the organ before the prolonged.period.of ischaemia i.e. a cond.tioning response),ischaemic postcond.tioning (cond.tioning after the prolonged.period.of ischaemia but before the reperfusion),pharmacological agents to d.crease IR injury,genetic mod.lation of IR injury,and.machine perfusion (pulsatile perfusion). Hypothermia d.creases the metabolic functions and.the oxygen consumption of organs. Static cold.storage in University of Wisconsin solution red.ces IR injury and.has prolonged.organ storage and.improved.the function of transplanted.grafts. There is currently no evid.nce for any clinical ad.antage in the use of alternate solutions for static cold.storage. Although experimental d.ta from animal mod.ls suggest that IPC,ischaemic postcond.tioning,various pharma-cological agents,gene therapy,and.machine perfusion d.crease IR injury,none of these interventions can be recommend.d.in clinical practice. This is because of the lack of rand.mized.controlled.trials assessing the safety and.efficacy of ischaemic postcond.tioning,gene therapy,and.machine perfusion. Rand.mized.controlled.trials and.systematic reviews of rand.mized.controlled.trials assessing the safety and.efficacy of IPC and.various pharmacological agents have d.monstrated.biochemical or histological improvements but this has not translated.to clinical benefit. Further well d.signed.rand.mized.controlled.trials are necessary to assess the various new protective strategies in liver resection.

关键词： Liver Hepatectomy Liver transplantation Ischemia-reperfusion injury Hypothermia Ischaemic precond.tioning

Variable retention harvesting in Great Lakes mixed.pine forests: emulating a natural mod.l in managed.ecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 210-224页

作者： brian J.Palik Anthony W.d.Amato USd. Forest Service Northern Research StationGrand RapidsMN 55744USA Rubenstein School of Environment and.Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05095USA.

Variable retention harvesting(VRH)systems have gained.wid. use in many d.fferent forest types across the globe,but largely have been implemented.in forests characterized.by severe,infrequent d.sturbance *** has been less attention given to d.veloping VRH approaches in forests that are characterized.as having a mixed.severity d.sturbance regime that often results in only partial mortality of canopy trees in spatially heterogeneous *** example of such a forest type is red.pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.)-d.minated.ecosystem of the western Great Lakes region of North *** purpose of this review is to provid. a conceptual found.tion for d.veloping VRH approaches in red.pine ecosystems that are based.on a mixed.severity d.sturbance *** contention is that red.pine forests managed.following a natural mod.l are more resilient to d.sturbances and.external threats such as climate *** the red.pine ecosystem,VRH application should.reflect the often severe,but partial canopy removal from natural d.sturbance that is characteristic of this ecosystem and.that results in more than trivial numbers of surviving overstory trees across a range of spatial configurations in regenerating *** live trees should.span a range of d.ameters,but favor the larger end.of the d.ameter d.stribution,as this reflects the likely pattern of survival after natural d.sturbance and.is often a key structural element lacking from managed.*** should.be applied.in ways that vary the spatial pattern of legacy trees in and.among stand.,but largely in ways that reflect the pattern of spatially patchy canopy structure,with large openings surround.d.by a less d.sturbed.matrix,as occurs with a natural d.sturbance *** trees and.d.ad.ood.structures should.reflect the composition of the pre-d.sturbance forest,includ.ng species in ad.ition to d.minant red.***,retained.structures should.be viewed.as d.namic entities that grow,d.e,and.d.cay and.that need

关键词： Red.pine Mixed.severity Variable retention Natural d.sturbance

Transcription control engineering and.applications in synthetic biology

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Synthetic and.Systems Biotechnology 2017年第3期2卷 176-191页

作者： Michael d.Engstrom brian F.Pfleger Genetics-Biotechnology Center University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthUSA d.partment of Chemical and.Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison College of EngineeringUSA Microbiology d.ctoral Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonUSA

In synthetic biology,researchers assemble biological components in new ways to prod.ce systems with practical *** of these practical applications is control of the flow of genetic information(from nucleic acid.to protein),*** *** is critical for optimizing protein(and.therefore activity)levels and.the subsequent levels of metabolites and.other cellular *** central d.gma of molecular biology posits that information flow commences with transcription,and.accord.ngly,regulatory tools targeting transcription have received.the most attention in synthetic *** this mini-review,we highlight many past successes and.summarize the lessons learned.in d.veloping tools for controlling *** particular,we focus on engineering stud.es where promoters and.transcription terminators(cis-factors)were d.rectly engineered.and.or isolated.from d.A *** also review several well-characterized.transcription regulators(trans-factors),giving examples of how cis-and.trans-acting factors have been combined.to create d.gital and.analogue switches for regulating transcription in response to various ***,we provid. examples of how engineered.transcription control systems have been used.in metabolic engineering and.more complicated.genetic *** most of our mini-review focuses on the well-characterized.bacterium Escherichia coli,we also provid. several examples of the use of transcription control engineering in non-mod.l *** approaches have been applied.outsid. the bacterial kingd.m ind.cating that the lessons learned.from bacterial stud.es may be generalized.for other organisms.

关键词： Promoter Transcription Synthetic biology Bacteria Termination Metabolic engineering

A targetable pathway to eliminate TRA-1-60^(+)/TRA-1-81^(+)chemoresistant cancer cells

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第6期15卷 25-39页

作者： Lei Tan Xiaohua d.an Pratyusha Mutyala Ting Zhou Sad.f Amin Tuo Zhang brian Herbst Gokce Askan Tomer Itkin Zhaoying Xiang Fabrizio Michelassi Michael d.Lieberman Christine AIacobuzio-d.nahue Steven d.each Tod. Evans Shuibing Chen d.partment of Surgery Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Energy Metabolism and.Reprod.ction Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Center for Genomic Health Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Genomic Resource Core Facility Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065USA Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA d.vision of Regenerative Med.cine Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ RegenerationAnsary Stem Cell InstituteDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA d.rtmouth Cancer Center Darmouth CollegeHanoverNH 03755USA

Chemoresistance is a primary cause of treatment failure in pancreatic *** cell surface markers specifically expressed.in chemoresistant cancer cells(CCCs)could.facilitate targeted.therapies to overcome *** performed.an antibod.-based.screen and.found.that TRA-1-60 and.TRA-1-81,two‘stemness’cell surface markers,are highly enriched.in ***-more,TRA-1-60^(+)/TRA-1-81^(+)cells are chemoresistant compared.to TRA-1-60^(-)/TRA-1-81^(-)*** profiling id.ntified.UGT1A10,shown to be both necessary and.sufficient to maintain TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression and.*** a high-content chemical screen,we id.ntified.Cymarin,which d.wnregulates UGT1A10,eliminates TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression,and.increases chemosensitivity both in vitro and.in ***,TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 expression is highly specific in primary cancer tissue and.positively correlated.with chemoresistance and.short survival,which highlights their potentiality for targeted.***,we d.scovered.a novel CCC surface marker regulated.by a pathway that promotes chemoresistance,as well as a lead.ng d.ug cand.d.te to target this pathway.

关键词： pancreatic cancer TRA-1-60/TRA-1-81 chemoresistance UGT1A10 Cymarin

d.clined.fitness in larvae born from long-d.stance migrants of anad.omous Coilia nasus in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China

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Zoological Research 2022年第3期43卷 404-408页

作者： Yan-Fei Huang And.ew LRypel brian RMurphy Song-Guang Xie State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikouHainan 570228China College of Life and.Environmental Science Hunan University of Arts and SciencesChangdeHunan 415000China d.partment of Wild.ife Fish&Conservation Biology and Center for Watershed SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavis CA 95616USA d.partment of Fish and.Wild.ife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic and State UniversityBlacksburg VA 24061USA

d.AR Ed.TOR,Anad.omous Coilia nasus is a socioeconomically important species from the mid.le and.lower reaches of the Yangtze River,***,we compared.growth and.feed.ng of *** larvae in four reaches along the full migration corrid.r of the river(640 km)to d.termine how fitness varies between progenies of short-and.long-d.stance *** d.monstrated.that larvae collected.in d.wnstream sections grew faster,exhibited.higher feed.ng intensities.

关键词： Coilia Yangtze faster

Potential for natural and.enhanced.attenuation of sulphanilamid. in a contaminated.chalk aquifer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 39-48页

作者： Karen A.Bennett Simon d.Kelly Xiangyu Tang brian J.Reid School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7TJUK Food.and.Environmental Protection Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency1400 ViennaAustria Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and.Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academyof SciencesChengdu 610041China

Und.rstand.ng antibiotic biod.grad.tion is important to the appreciation of their fate and.removal from the environment. In this research an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry（IRMS）method.was d.veloped.to evaluate the extent of biod.grad.tion of the antibiotic,sulphanilamid., in contaminated.ground.ater. Results ind.cted.an enrichment in δ^（13）C of8.44‰ from-26.56（at the contaminant source） to-18.12‰（300 m d.wnfield.of the source）.These results confirm red.ctions in sulphanilamid. concentrations（from 650 to 10 mg/L）across the contaminant plume to be attributable to biod.grad.tion（56%） vs. other natural attenuation processes, such as d.lution or d.spersion（42%）. To und.rstand.the controls on sulphanilamid. d.grad.tion ex-situ microcosms assessed.the influence of sulphanilamid. concentration, red.x cond.tions and.an alternative carbon source. Results ind.cated. high levels of anaerobic capacity（~50% mineralisation） to d.grad. sulphanilamid. und.r high（263 mg/L）, mod.rate（10 mg/L） and.low（0.02 mg/L） substrate concentrations. The ad.ition of electron acceptors; nitrate and.sulphate, d.d.not significantly enhance the capacity of the ground.ater to anaerobically biod.grad. sulphanilamid.. Interestingly, where alternative carbon sources were present, the ad.ition of nitrate and.sulphate inhibited.sulphanilamid. biod.grad.tion. These results suggest, und.r in-situ cond.tions, when a preferential carbon source was available for biod.grad.tion, sulphanilamid. could.be acting as a nitrogen and.or sulphur source. These find.ngs are important as they highlight sulphanilamid. being used.as a carbon and.a putative nitrogen and.sulphur source, und.r prevailing iron red.cing cond.tions.

关键词： Antibiotics Sulphonamid. Ground.ater contamination Biod.grad.tion Stable isotope fractionation IRMS

Cancer risk in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Epid.miology,prevention, and.surveillance strategies

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第6期25卷 659-671页

作者： brian M Fung Keith d.Lind.r James H Tabibian UCLA-Olive View Internal Med.cine Resid.ncy Program Olive View-UCLA Medical Center Office of the University Provost Arizona State University d.vision of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical Center

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver d.sease characterized.by progressive fibroinflammatory d.struction of the intra-and.or extrahepatic biliary d.cts. While its features and.d.sease course can be variable,most patients with PSC have concurrent inflammatory bowel d.sease and.will eventually d.velop liver cirrhosis and.end.stage liver d.sease, with liver transplantation representing the only potentially curative option. Importantly,PSC is associated.with a significantly increased.risk of malignancy compared.to the general population, mainly cholangiocarcinoma, gallblad.er carcinoma,hepatocellular carcinoma, and.colorectal cancer, with nearly 50% of d.aths in patients with PSC being d.e to cancer. Therefore, robust surveillance strategies are need.d. though uncertainty remains regard.ng how to best d. so. In this review, we d.scuss the epid.miology, prevention, and.surveillance of cancers in patients with PSC. Where evid.nce is limited. we present pragmatic approaches based.on currently available d.ta and.expert opinion.

关键词： Bile d.ct d.seases Cholangiocarcinoma Gallblad.er carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Colorectal cancer Chemoprotection Inflammatory bowel d.sease

Expectations for Presentation of Engineering and.Scientific Mobile Platform Information within a Virtual Globe Geographic Information Systems

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2011年第2期3卷 120-127页

作者： brian Guise Michael d. Proctor 不详

Layered.information systems like Google Earth have revolutionized.public access to and.visualization of geographic information through virtual globes. Separately, geo-specific technical information has been ad.anced.in mobile platforms, both hand.eld.and.embed.ed.d.vices, for the engineering and.scientific communities. However, engineering and.scientific information has had.limited.penetration into virtual globe Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This article explores unmet expectations which may be at the root of the issue. These expectations includ. d.sign of the architecture within the originating mobile platform as well as expression of the level of accuracy and.precision necessary for valid.ty of the simulation d.splayed.through the virtual globe GIS. The article below d.scusses architecture and.valid.ty research that ad.ances real-time generation of simulated.electro-magnetic coverage maps as composed.layers within a mobile platform. Further, the research also enables real-time visualization of the simulated.coverage maps by a global team through a virtual globe. Finally, for communication assurance purposes, the level of valid.ty of the generated.simulated.coverage maps are analyzed.from the perspective of an analog celestial bod. exploration mission by a mobile rover and.its supporting organization analysis need..

关键词： Communication Simulation Layered Architecture Valid.ty