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Insect(black soldier fly larvae) oil as a potential substitute for fish or soy oil in the fish meal-based diet of juvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1360-1370页

作者： Femi J.Fawole Shyam N.Labh Md Sakhawat Hossain Ken Overturf brian c.small Thomas L.Welker Ronald W.Hardy Vikas Kumar Aquaculture Research Institute Department of AnimalVeterinary and Food SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844USA Hagerman Fish culture Experiment Station Aquaculture Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoHagermanIDUSA Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Aquaculture Faculty of FisheriesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet3100Bangladesh United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHagerman Fish Culture Experiment StationHagermanIDUSA

Alternative sources of fish oil(FO)are one of the major problems in aquaculture;therefore,the goal of the present study was to examine insect(black soldier fly larvae)oil(BSLO)as a potential replacer of fish/s oy oil in juvenile rainbow trout(initial average weight of 32±0.15 g)*** diets were formulated wherein FO(control diet)was completely replaced with either soybean oil(SO)or BSLO,and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5%bile acid(BSLO+BA)were fed to the fish for 10 *** performance of the BSLO fed group was similar(P>0.05)to that of the FO and SO fed groups,howeve r,the fish fed BSLO+BA diet registered the lowest growth(Pces did not(P>0.05)affect the major nutrient content of whole-body,however,the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced(Pcid detected in BSLO or BSLO+BA fed trout compared to the others(Pcant diffe rences were observed in eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid(EPA+DHA)or total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content in muscle among the groups,whereas,the highest EPA:DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios were detected in the FO *** expression for fatty acid binding protein(fabp),fatty acid synthase(fas),and△5 desaturase in the liver was lower in FO(Pcreased superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(cAT)activities compared to the other groups(Pconclusion,BSLO could serve as a substitute for FO and SO in rainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance,whole-body composition and nutrient retention,and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.

关键词： Insect oil Rainbow trout Growth performance Fatty acid metabolism Antioxidant enzyme

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MODELING THE PRIVATE FINANcIAL RETURNS FROM GREEN BUILDING INVESTMENTS

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第1期2卷 97-105页

作者： brian Ross Mario López-Alcalá Arthur A.small columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs 不详 Department of Meteorology The Pennsylvania State University

INTRODUcTION We analyze the financial returns to a green building renovation project for a small commercial office building in the urban *** with a comparable conventional renovation,the LEED renovation required addit... 详细信息

关键词： LEED building returns

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太平洋板块的俯冲障碍和裂解

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海洋地质动态 1999年第2期15卷 6-8页

作者： c.small D.Abbott

高分辨率卫星重力数据（Ｓａｎｄｗｅｌ和Ｓｍｉｔｈ，１９９７）的最新应用证实了许多新观察到的大洋盆地构造，我们描述了其中之一，即西南太平洋中一个没有命名的线状海谷，我们称之为Ｌｏｕｉｓｖｉｌｅ海谷。我们认为关于其成因有... 详细信息

高分辨率卫星重力数据（Ｓａｎｄｗｅｌ和Ｓｍｉｔｈ，１９９７）的最新应用证实了许多新观察到的大洋盆地构造，我们描述了其中之一，即西南太平洋中一个没有命名的线状海谷，我们称之为Ｌｏｕｉｓｖｉｌｅ海谷。我们认为关于其成因有两个假设，均与扩张构造有关，但在西...

关键词：太平洋板块俯冲障碍裂解

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Strategies to improve fiber utilization in swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 112-123页

作者： brian J Kerr Gerald c Shurson USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment University of Minnesota

Application of feed processing methods and use of exogenous feed additives in an effort to improve nutrient digestibility of plant-based feed ingredients for swine has been studied for decades. The following review will discuss several of these topics, including： fiber characterization, impact of dietary fiber on gastrointestinal physiology, energy, and nutrient digestibility, mechanical processing of feed on fiber and energy digestibility, and the use of exogenous enzymes in diets fed to growing pigs. Taken together, the diversity and concentration of chemical characteristics that exists among plant-based feed ingredients, as well as interactions among constituents within feed ingredients and diets, suggests that improvements in nutrient digestibility and pig performance from mechanical processing or adding exogenous enzymes to diets fed to swine depends on a better understanding of these characteristics, but also relating enzyme activity to targeted substrates. It may be that an enzyme must not only match a target substrate（s）, but there may also need to be a ＇cocktail＇ of enzymes to effectively breakdown the complex matrixes of fibrous carbohydrates, such that the negative impact of these compounds on nutrient digestibility or voluntary feed intake are alleviated. With the inverse relationship between fiber content and energy digestibility being well described for several feed ingredients, it is only logical that development of processing techniques or enzymes that degrade fiber, and thereby improve energy digestibility or voluntary feed intake, will be both metabolically and economically beneficial to pork production.

关键词： Energy Enzymes Fiber Growing-finishing pigs Nutrient digestibility Processing

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Leveraging quasi-periodic orbits for trajectory design in cislunar space

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Astrodynamics 2021年第2期5卷 139-165页

作者： brian P.Mccarthy Kathleen c.Howell School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Neil Armstrong Hall of EngineeringWest LafayetteIN47907-2045USA

Incorporating quasi-periodic orbits into the preliminary design process offers a wide range of options to meet mission constraints and address the challenges in a complex trade *** this investigation,linear stability and quasi-periodic orbit family continuation schemes are examined to meet various types of *** in eclipse avoidance and transfer design are examined by leveraging quasi-periodic orbits and their associated hyperbolic manifolds in the lunar *** are transitioned to an ephemeris model to validate that geometries are maintained in higher-fidelity *** the natural dynamical structures associated with quasi-periodic orbits are leveraged,novel trajectory solutions can emerge.

关键词： multi-body dynamical systems quasi-periodic orbits trajectory analysis cislunar trajectory design near rectilinear halo orbit ephemeris dynamical model

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Mathematical operations and equation solving with reconfigurable metadevices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2365-2377页

作者： Dimitrios c.Tzarouchis Mario Junior Mencagli brian Edwards Nader Engheta University of Pennsylvania Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA University of North carolina at charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCharlotteNC 28223USA

Performing analog computations with metastructures is an emerging wave-based paradigm for solving mathematical *** such devices,one major challenge is their reconfigurability,especially without the need for a priori mathematical computations or computationally-intensive *** equation-solving capabilities are applied only to matrices with special spectral(eigenvalue)*** we report the theory and design of wave-based metastructures using tunable elements capable of solving integral/differential equations in a fully-reconfigurable *** consider two architectures:the Miller architecture,which requires the singular-value decomposition,and an alternative intuitive direct-complex-matrix(DcM)architecture introduced here,which does not require a priori mathematical *** examples,we demonstrate,using system-level simulation tools,the solutions of integral and differential *** then expand the matrix inverting capabilities of both architectures toward evaluating the generalized Moore-Penrose matrix ***,we provide evidence that metadevices can implement generalized matrix inversions and act as the basis for the gradient descent method for solutions to a wide variety of ***,a general upper bound of the solution convergence time reveals the rich potential that such metadevices can offer for stationary iterative schemes.

关键词： equation operations Mathematical

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Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 330-340页

作者： Gerald c Shurson brian J Kerr Andrea R Hanson Department of Animal Science University of MinnesotaStPaulMN 55018USA usda-ars-national laboratory for agriculture and the environment Ames IA 50011USA svc-research St PeterMN 56082USA

Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition,quality, feeding value, and price among sources. common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles,and unsaponifiables（MIU）, titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances（TBARS）, and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same ***, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBARS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a met

关键词： Growth Indicative tests Lipids Metabolic oxidation Peroxidation Pigs

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Subaqueous early eruptive phase of the late Aptian Rajmahal volcanism,India:Evidence from volcaniclastic rocks,bentonite,black shales,and oolite

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 809-822页

作者： Naresh c.Ghose Nilanjan chatterjee brian F.Windley G/608 Raheja ResidencyKoramangala Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Geology The University of Leicester

The late Aptian（118-115 Ma） continental flood basalts of the Rajmahal Volcanic Province（RVP） are part of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province,and constitute the uppermost part of the Gondwana Supergroup on the eastern Indian shield *** lower one-third of the Rajmahal volcanic succession contains thin layers of plant fossil-rich inter-trappean sedimentary rocks with pyroclasts,bentonite,grey and black shale/mudstone and oolite,whereas the upper two-thirds consist of sub-aerial fine-grained aphyric basalts with no inter-trappean *** the eastern margin and the north-central sector of the RVP,the volcanics in the lower part include rhyolites and dacites overlain by enstatite-bearing basalts and *** pyroclastic rocks are largely felsic in composition,and comprise ignimbrite as well as coarse-grained tuff with lithic clasts,and tuff breccia with bombs,lapilli and ash that indicate explosive eruption of viscous rhyolitic *** rhyolites/dacites（〉68 wt.%） are separated from the andesites（〈 60 wt.%） by a gap in silica content indicating their formation through upper crustal anatexis with only heat supplied by the basaltic *** the other hand,partially melted siltstone xenoliths in enstatite-bearing basalts suggest that the enstatite-andesites originated through mixing of the upper crust with basaltic magma,crystallizing orthopyroxene at a pressure-temperature of ~3 kb/1150℃.In contrast,the northwestern sector of the RVP is devoid of felsic-intermediate rocks,and the volcaniclastic rocks are predominantly mafic（basaltic） in ***,the presence of fine-grained tuffs,tuff breccia containing sideromelane shards and quenched texture,welded tuff breccia,peperite,shale/mudstone and oolite substantiates a subaqueous *** on these observations,we conclude that the early phase of Rajmahal volcanism occurred under predominantly subaqueous *** presence of grey and black shale/mudstone in the lower one-third of

关键词： Rajmahal basalt Andesite Rhyolite Pyroclast Black shale Oolite

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characteristics of lipids and their feeding value in swine diets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 249-271页

作者： brian J.Kerr Trey A.Kellner Gerald c.Shurson USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment AmesIA 50011USA Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Animal Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

In livestock diets, energy is one of the most expensive nutritional components of feed formulation. Because lipids are a concentrated energy source, inclusion of lipids are known to affect growth rate and feed efficiency, but are also known to affect diet palatability, feed dustiness, and pellet quality. In reviewing the literature, the majority of research studies conducted on the subject of lipids have focused mainly on the effects of feeding presumably high quality lipids on growth performance, digestion, and metabolism in young animals. There is, however, the wide array of composition and quality differences among lipid sources available to the animal industry making it essential to understand differences in lipid composition and quality factors affecting their digestion and metabolism more fully. In addition there is often confusion in lipid nomenclature, measuring lipid content and composition, and evaluating quality factors necessary to understand the true feeding value to animals. Lastly, advances in understanding lipid digestion, post-absorption metabolism, and physiological processes（e.g., cell division and differentiation, immune function and inflammation）; and in metabolic oxidative stress in the animal and lipid peroxidation, necessitates a more compressive assessment of factors affecting the value of lipid supplementation to livestock diets. The following review provides insight into lipid classification, digestion and absorption, lipid peroxidation indices, lipid quality and nutritional value, and antioxidants in growing pigs.

关键词： Digestion Energy Lipids Peroxidation Pigs

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comparative Study of Hyperacuity and Retinometer Tests for the Evaluation of Vision in Patients with Advanced cataract

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眼科学报 1997年第3期13卷 164-166,161页

作者： George c Woo brian Brown University of Waterloo WaterlooHong Kong Polytechnic University CanadaHong Kong

Objective: To investigates the clinical application value of hyperacuity test for evaluating vision through dense ***: Ten normal subjects (20 years) were tested both with Bailey-Lovie type chart and three points vernier acuity test (one of the hyperacuity test) ; and retinometer test were performed preoperatively and postoperatively in 30 patients (31 eyes) with senile cataract. These patients' lens opacity was classified with LOGS III ***: The correlation of vernier acuity and visual acuity of normal subjects is significant. The result of difference compression of pre-surgical and post-surgical vernier acuity of 30 cataract patients is not significant. The correlation of retinometer findings with post-surgical visual acuity shows not statistically significant. Our result shows that there is good correlation between vernier acuity and post-surgical visual ***: It appears that hyperacuity is a good test for foveal function behind dense cataract and other ocular

关键词：听觉过敏视网膜病白内障视力评估

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