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Effects of Salt Pond Restoration on Benthic Flux: Sediment as a Source of Nutrients to the Water Column

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第7期7卷 1064-1071页

作者： brent R. Topping James S. Kuwabara James l. Carter Krista K. Garrett Eric Mruz Sarah Piotter John Y. Takekawa U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park CA USA U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fremont CA USA U.S. Geological Survey Vallejo CA USA

Understanding nutrient flux between the benthos and the overlying water (benthic flux) is critical to restoration of water quality and biological resources because it can represent a major source of nutrients to the water column. Extensive water management commenced in the San Francisco Bay, Beginning around 1850, San Francisco Bay wetlands were converted to salt ponds and mined extensively for more than a century. long-term (decadal) salt pond restoration efforts began in 2003. A patented device for sampling porewater at varying depths, to calculate the gradient, was employed between 2010 and 2012. Within the former ponds, the benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus and that of dissolved ammonia were consistently positive (i.e., moving out of the sediment into the water column). The lack of measurable nitrate or nitrite concentration gradients across the sediment-water interface suggested negligible fluxes for dissolved nitrate and nitrite. The dominance of ammonia in the porewater indicated anoxic sediment conditions, even at only 1 cm depth, which is consistent with the observed, elevated sediment oxygen demand. Nearby open-estuary sediments showed much lower benthic flux values for nutrients than the salt ponds under resortation. Allochthonous solute transport provides a nutrient advective flux for comparison to benthic flux. For ammonia, averaged for all sites and dates, benthic flux was about 80,000 kg/year, well above the advective flux range of -50 to 1500 kg/year, with much of the variability depending on the tidal cycle. By contrast, the average benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus was about 12,000 kg/year, of significant magnitude, but less than the advective flux range of 21,500 to 30,000 kg/year. These benthic flux estimates, based on solute diffusion across the sediment-water interface, reveal a significant nutrient source to the water column of the pond which stimulates algal blooms (often autotrophic). This benthic source may be augmented

关键词： Benthic Flux Nutrients Algal Blooms Restoration

Native Aquatic Plant Establishment Efforts in a High-Herbivore, Central Texas Reservoir

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 1024-1042页

作者： Aaron N. Schad brent J. Bellinger lynde l. Dodd Jacob Kelly Kristina Hellinghausen Gary O. Dick Samuel F. Atkinson Environmental lab US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS USA Watershed Protection Austin TX USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA Univeristy of North Texas Denton TX USA

Maintaining beneficial, native plant structure and diversity while reducing invasive, nuisance species dominance is an important management domain for natural resource managers. One such vegetation component in North American lakes and reservoirs is submerged aquatic vegetation—a valuable aquatic resource which serves as productive habitat for fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. Reservoirs in the southern parts of the United States have experienced varying aquatic plant dominance dynamics due to historical water resource management actions, including drawdowns and introduction of herbivorous fish for the purpose of controlling invasive aquatic vegetation. Some of these management options have also been detrimental to native submerged aquatic vegetation. This paper explores an adaptive management research effort by installing herbivore-protected, fenced-pen submerged aquatic vegetation sites in a high-herbivore reservoir to determine effectiveness of protecting habitat and serving as founder colony sources for propagule spread. Four experimental sites with three management treatments each were planted with American eelgrass. Each site utilized one un-fenced treatment and two treatments with varying mesh sizes for protective fencing-pens. Site integrity, species survival and spread, and grazing were documented. One additional site was installed and planted with other native submerged aquatic vegetation species for nominal species performance descriptions. No plants survived unprotected in the high-herbivore system and plants, in general, performed consistently better within the smaller mesh size. These test planting results were ultimately used to inform adaptive management decision making for plant installation and expansion designs for managing reservoirs invested with Hydrilla, considered one of the most serious invasive aquatic plants in the United States.

关键词： Invasive Species Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Aquatic Plant Restoration Adaptive Aquatic Plant Management Herbivory Grass Carp

The Origin and Evolution of Oleosin in land Plants

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The Origin and Evolution of Oleosin in Land Plants

在下一代数据中心架构中实施PSM4和硅光子

生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十五届会员代表大会暨八十周年学术年会

作者： Yuan Fang brent D.Mishler Rui-liang Zhu School of life Science East China Normal University University Herbarium Jepson Herbariumand Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California

lipid droplets,with oleosin embedded in the half-unit membrane appear to be ubiquitous and are found almost across the plant kingdom;while oil body,bounded by a single unit membrane containing lipophilic globules suspended in a proteinaceous matrix,are thought to be a unique character of *** structural protein oleosins,prevent the cytoplasm lipid droplets from aggregating or collapsing,however,the function of the oil body outside membrane has not yet *** explored whether liverworts,the earliest split of land plants,have oleosin *** Marchantia polymorpha,one predicted sequence was found that could encode oleosin,possessing the hallmark of oleosin,Pro knot(-PX5SPX3P-).The evolution of oleosin in land plants was reconstructed based on the DNA and amino acid sequences of oleosins,involved in 26 representative species,covered almost all the main lineages of land *** the phylogenetic tree,oleosin genes were characterized into three groups.M-oleosins,were evaluated and defined as a novel group from the previous two,low molecular weight isoform(l-oleosin) and high molecular weight isoform(H-oleosin),according to their amino-acid organization,phylogenetic criteria,expression tissues,and immunological *** basal lineages of land plants,including liverworts,mosses,lycophytes,and gymnosperms,only M-oleosins have been *** later evolution,this isoform oleosins remain and express in the anigosperm gametophyte,pollen *** tree analyses suggest that M-oleosins should as a precursor,then sister to the ancestor of l-oleosins and *** the genomic level,almost half of oleosins do not have *** has,Both in the l-isoform and the M-isoform,one intron inserts behind the proline knot motif,while in the H-isoform,one intron just locates immediately before the proline knot motif encoding *** the finding of oleosin encoding sequence in liverworts,the gene has strong sequence homology and structural similarity

关键词： oleosin oil body lipid droplet phylogenetic Marchantia polymorpha liverwort

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中国电子商情 2014年第6期 28-30页

作者： brent Hatfield Molex公司光纤事业部

业界有多种因素和趋势正在推动在下一代数据中心设计和架构中实施并行单模四路（Parallel Single Mode Quad，PSM4）和硅光子（Silicon Photonics，SiPH）。PSM4和SiPH在数据中心互连选择中填补了一项重要的空白--也就是25G多模选项与... 详细信息

业界有多种因素和趋势正在推动在下一代数据中心设计和架构中实施并行单模四路（Parallel Single Mode Quad，PSM4）和硅光子（Silicon Photonics，SiPH）。PSM4和SiPH在数据中心互连选择中填补了一项重要的空白--也就是25G多模选项与远程（long range， l R）光纤解决方案之间的空白。通过简单地插接到结构化的布线中，使用绞编型款（pigtail version）就可以轻易实施。根据业界一种“前瞻性”（future proofing）观点，PSM4是可以适应当前和下一代带宽升级的解决方案。

关键词：数据中心 PSM4 下一代光子玻色子

Toward a biomarker panel measured in CNS-originating extracellular vesicles for improved differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 677-680页

作者： Hash Brown Taha Simon Hornung Suman Dutta leony Fenwick Otmane lahgui Kathryn Howe Nour Elabed Irish del Rosario Darice Y.Wong Aline Duarte Folle Daniela Markovic Jose-Alberto Palma Un Jung Kang Roy N.Alcalay Miriam Sklerov Horacio Kaufmann brent l.Fogel Jeff M.Bronstein Beate Ritz Gal Bitan Department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Medicine Statistics Core Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services ResearchUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Neurology Dysautonomia CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Neurology Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Neurology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael Department of Neurology University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Neurology The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement DisordersNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA UClA Clinical Neurogenomics Research Center David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Present Address:Division of Peptide Biochemistry TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of Munich85354 FreisingGermany

Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases char-acterized by accumulation of misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)inclusions in neuronal and/or glial *** differences in the underlying pathophysiology,synucle-inopathies ... 详细信息

关键词： diagnosis atrophy diseases

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先发制人

长期炭黑暴露与颈动脉内中膜厚度：标准化衰老研究

2019年

作者： (美)布伦特·格里森(brent Gleeson)

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环境与职业医学 2014年第5期31卷 414-418页

作者： Elissa H.Wilker Murray A.Mittleman brent A.Coull Alexandros Gryparis Michiel l.Bots Joel Schwartz David Sparrow 王晓宇汪源 Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care Utrechtthe Netherlands Normative Aging Study Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medicine Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA

[背景]有证据表明,空气污染与动脉粥样硬化相关,且交通源颗粒物是此相关性极其重要的归因。[目的]研究居住在马塞诸塞州大波士顿地区的老年男性长期炭黑暴露与颈总动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)之间的相关性。[方法]在标准化衰老研究参与者进行... 详细信息

[背景]有证据表明,空气污染与动脉粥样硬化相关,且交通源颗粒物是此相关性极其重要的归因。[目的]研究居住在马塞诸塞州大波士顿地区的老年男性长期炭黑暴露与颈总动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)之间的相关性。[方法]在标准化衰老研究参与者进行首次CIMT测量之前,评估他们住址处的一年平均炭黑暴露水平。使用混合效应模型评估炭黑水平估值与CIMT之间的相关性,计算重复的结果测定指标。在二次分析中,研究居住在主干道附近或住宅100 m内的日均交通流量是否与CIMT相关。[结果]2004—2008年间,共有380名参与者(97%自述为白种人)接受了首次访问。每隔1.5年,分别有340名(89%)参与者接受了二次访问,260名(68%)参与者接受了三次访问。第一次检查时,参与者的年龄(均数±标准差)为(76±6.4)岁,CIMT(均数±标准差)为(0.99±0.18)mm。根据完全校正的模型,一年平均炭黑暴露每增加1个四分位数间距范围(0.26μg/m3),CIMT增加1.1%(95%CI:0.1%～1.7%)。[结论]在老年男性中,根据空间分辨暴露估值得出的年平均炭黑浓度与CIMT相关。本文的结果表明,长期空气污染暴露与动脉粥样硬化之间存在相关性。

关键词： CIMT 衰老研究空气污染年平均内中膜厚度波士顿地区交通源颈总动脉协变量基线值

Joint Contact Forces with Changes in Running Stride length and Midsole Stiffness

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第1期2卷 69-76页

作者： Joshua M.Thomas Wbrent Edwards Timothy R.Derrick Department of Health Wellnessand SportUniversity of DubuqueDubuqueIA 52001USA Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University111L Forker BuildingAmesIA 50011USA

The purpose of this study was to determine if lower extremity joint loading was influenced by stride length or shoe midsole *** subjects completed 10 trials of overground running at an average speed of 4.43 m/s in each of three condi-tions:normal running,running with a stride length(Sl)reduced by 10%of normal,and running with a cushioned midsole stiffness(i.e.,mechanical impact reduction of 13.7-10.9 g).Reaction forces calculated from inverse dynamics were summed with muscle forces estimated from a musculoskeletal model using static optimization to obtain joint contact forces at the hip,knee and ankle *** components of the contact forces[axial,anterior-posterior,and medial-lateral(Ml)]were examined using parametric statistics(α=0.05).Reducing stride length resulted in significant decreases in absolute peak ankle contact forces in the axial direction(normal:-14.5±1.5 BW;reduced Sl:-14.0±1.6 BW)and the Ml direction(normal:0.67±0.23 BW;reduced Sl:0.61±0.21 BW).Reducing stride length also reduced the peak absolute axial forces at the knee(normal:-10.6±1.3 BW;reduced Sl:-9.8±1.2 BW)and the hip(normal:-7.26±2.24 BW;reduced Sl:-6.75±2.10 BW).The cushioned shoe did not statistically reduce the peak absolute contact forces from the normal stride condition at any of the *** hoc stress analysis suggested that the observed changes in anterior hip force would increase stress more than any of the other statistically significant *** in stride length appear to decrease some joint contact variables but cushioning in the heel region of the shoe does not.

关键词： Gait Injury Compressive force Shear force Cushioning Strain

Cryo-EM structure of the plant 26S proteasome

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Plant Communications 2022年第3期3卷 116-126页

作者： Susanne Kandolf Irina Grishkovskaya Katarina Belacic Derek l.Bolhuis Sascha Amann brent Foster Richard Imre Karl Mechtler Alexander Schleiffer Hemant D.Tagare Ellen D.Zhong Anton Meinhart Nicholas G.Brown David Haselbach Research Institute of Molecular Pathology(IMP) Vienna BioCenter(VBC)Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 11030 ViennaAustria Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06510USA Department of Pharmacology and lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Vienna BioCenter PhD Program Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of ViennaVienna BioCenter(VBC)ViennaAustria Institute of Physical Chemistry University of FreiburgAlbertstraße 21Freiburg 79104Germany CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Targeted proteolysis is a hallmark of *** is especially important in long-lived cells that can be found in higher eukaryotes,like *** task is mainly fulfilled by the ubiquitin–proteasome ***,proteolysis by the 26S proteasome is vital to development,immunity,and cell *** the yeast and animal proteasomes are well characterized,there is only limited information on the plant *** determined the first plant 26S proteasome structure from Spinacia oleracea by single-particle electron cryogenic microscopy at an overall resolution of 3.3 A°.We found an almost identical overall architecture of the spinach proteasome compared with the known structures from mammals and ***,we noticed a structural difference in the proteolytic active b1 ***,we uncovered an unseen compression state by characterizing the proteasome’s conformational *** suspect that this new conformation of the 20S core protease,in correlation with a partial opening of the unoccupied gate,may contribute to peptide release after *** data provide a structural basis for the plant proteasome,which is crucial for further studies.

关键词： 26S proteasome spinach UPS cryo-EM conformational landscape