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Bridging the gap:axonal fusion drives rapid functional recovery of the nervous system

1997年

作者： brent B. Welch

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 591-594页

作者： Jean-Sébastien Teoh Michelle Yu-Ying Wong Tarika Vijayaraghavan brent Neumann Neuroscience Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University

Injuries to the central or peripheral nervous system frequently cause long-term disabilities because damaged neurons are unable to efficiently *** inherent deficiency necessitates the need for new treatment options aimed at restoring lost function to *** to humans,a number of species possess far greater regenerative capabilities,and can therefore provide important insights into how our own nervous systems can be *** particular,several invertebrate species have been shown to rapidly initiate regeneration post-injury,allowing separated axon segments to *** process,known as axonal fusion,represents a highly efficient repair mechanism as a regrowing axon needs to only bridge the site of damage and fuse with its separated counterpart in order to re-establish its original *** recent findings in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have expanded the promise of axonal fusion by demonstrating that it can restore complete function to damaged ***,we revealed the importance of injury-induced changes in the composition of the axonal membrane for mediating axonal fusion,and discovered that the level of axonal fusion can be enhanced by promoting a neuron＇s intrinsic growth potential.A complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling axonal fusion may permit similar approaches to be applied in a clinical setting.

关键词： axonal fusion axon regeneration nervous system repair nerve injury phosphatidylserine functional repair axonal transport Caenorhabditis elegans

Levy-flight moth-flame optimisation algorithm-based micro-grid equipment sizing:An integrated investment and operational planning approach

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第1期3卷 126-150页

作者： Soheil Mohseni Alan C.brent Daniel Burmester Will N.Browne Sustainable Energy Systems Faculty of EngineeringVictoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Department of Industrial Engineering and the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa

Bridging the gap between simulation and reality for successful micro-grid(MG)implementation requires accu-rate mathematical modelling of the underlying energy infrastructure and extensive optimisation of the design space defined by all possible combinations of the size of the *** exact mathematical optimisa-tion approaches to the MG capacity planning are highly computationally efficient,they often fail to preserve the associated problem nonlinearities and *** translates into the fact that the available MG sizing tools potentially return a sub-optimal(inferior)MG *** brings to light the importance of nature-inspired,swarm-based meta-heuristic optimisation algorithms that are able to effectively handle the nonlinear and non-convex nature of the MG design optimisation problem–and better approximate the globally optimum solution–though at the expense of increased computational ***,this paper introduces a robust MG capacity planning optimisation framework based on a state-of-the-art meta-heuristic,namely the Lévy-flight moth-flame optimisation algorithm(MFOA).An intelligent linear programming-based day-ahead en-ergy scheduling design is,additionally,integrated into the proposed model.A case study is presented for a real grid-tied community MG in rural New Zealand.A comparison of the modelling results with those of the most popular tool in the literature and industry,HOMER Pro,verifies the superiority of the proposed meta-heuristic-based MG sizing ***,the efficiency of the Lévy-flight MFOA is compared to nine well-established meta-heuristics in the MG capacity planning *** comparative analyses have revealed the statistically significant outperformance of the Lévy-flight MFOA to the examined ***,its superiority to the original MFOA,the hybrid genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimisation,and the ant colony optimiser,by at least~6.5%,~8.4%,and~12.8%,is ***

关键词： Micro-grid Techno-economic Meta-heuristic Optimal sizing Operational planning Smart grid Optimization

Investigation of fundo-antral reflex in human beings

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第42期11卷 6676-6680页

作者： Satish SC Rao Anjana Kumar brent Harris Bruce Brown Konrad S Schulze Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa United States

AIM： To examine the sensory and motor response（s） of the stomach following fundic distention and to assess whether cholinergic mechanisms influence these responses. METHODS： Fundic tone, gastric sensory responses and antral motility were evaluated in eight healthy volunteers after a probe with two sensors was placed in the antrum and a highly compliant balloon in the fundus. Isobaric balloon distentions were performed with a barostat. Study was repeated in six volunteers after intravenous atropine was given. RESULTS： Fundic antral contractions curve was higher First sensation distention induced large amplitude in all subjects. The area under the （P〈0.05） during fundic distention. was reported at 12±4 mmHg, moderate sensation at 18±4 mmHg and discomfort at 21±4 mmHg. Discomfort was associated with a decrease in antral motility. After atropine was given, the area under the curve of pressure waves and fundic tone decreased （P〈0.05）. Sensory thresholds were not affected. CONCLUSIONS： Fundic balloon distention induces an antral motor response, the fundo-antral reflex, which in part may be mediated by cholinergic mechanisms.

关键词： Gastric motility Reflex Fundo-antral reflex Sensation

A new method for instant correction of numerical weather prediction products in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第2期58卷 231-244页

作者： ZHANG LanHui WANG ShiGong HE ChanSheng SHANG KeZheng MENG Lei LI Xu brent M.LOFGREN Center for Dryland Water Resources Research and Watershed Science Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System(Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University College of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou University Department of Geography Western Michigan University NOAA/Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory

This paper presents a new correction method, "instant correction method(ICM)", to improve the accuracy of numerical prediction products(NPP) and provide weather variables at grid cells. The ICM makes use of the continuity in time of the forecast errors at different forecast times to improve the accuracy of large scale NPP. To apply the ICM in China, an ensemble correction scheme is designed to correct the T213 NPP(the most popular NPP in China) through different statistical methods. The corrected T213 NPP(ICM T213 NPP) are evaluated by four popular indices: Correlation coefficient, climate anomalies correlation coefficient, root-mean-square-errors(RMSE), and confidence intervals(CI). The results show that the ICM T213 NPP are more accurate than the original T213 NPP in both the training period(2003–2008) and the validation period(2009–2010). Applications in China over the past three years indicate that the ICM is simple, fast, and reliable. Because of its low computing cost, end users in need of more accurate short-range weather forecasts around China can benefit greatly from the method.

关键词： correction instant weather continuity Correlation forecast corrected apply ensemble adapt

Effect of Genome-Wide Genotyping and Reference Panels on Rare Variants Imputation

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第10期39卷 545-550页

作者： Hou-Feng Zheng Martin Ladouceur Celia M.T. Greenwood J. brent Richards Department of Medicine Human Genetics McGill University Montreal Quebec H3T 1E2 Canada Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Jewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec H3T 1E2 Canada Research Center of Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec HIT 1C8 Canada Department of Oncology McGill University Montreal Quebec H3T IE2 Canada Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London SE1 7EH United Kingdom

Common variants explain little of the variance of most common disease, prompting large-scale sequencing studies to understand the contribution of rare variants to these diseases. Imputation of rare variants from genome-wide genotypic arrays offers a cost-efficient strategy to achieve necessary sample sizes required for adequate statistical power. To estimate the performance of imputation of rare variants, we imputed 153 individuals, each of whom was genotyped on 3 different genotype arrays including 317k, 610k and 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）, to two different reference panels： HapMap2 and 1000 Genomes pilot March 2010 release （1KGpilot） by using IMPUTE version 2. We found that more than 94% and 84% of all SNPs yield acceptable accuracy （info 〉 0.4） in HapMap2 and 1KGpilot-based imputation, respectively. For rare variants （minor allele frequency （MAF）〈5%）, the proportion of well- imputed SNPs increased as the MAF increased from 0.3% to 5% across all 3 genome-wide association study （GWAS） datasets. The proportion of well-imputed SNPs was 69%, 60% and 49% for SNPs with a MAF from 0.3% to 5% for 1M, 610k and 317k, respectively. None of the very rare variants （MAF 〈 0.3%） were well imputed. We conclude that the imputation accuracy of rare variants increases with higher density of genome-wide genotyping arrays when the size of the reference panel is small. Variants with lower MAF are more difficult to impute. These findings have important implications in the design and replication of large-scale sequencing studies.

关键词： Genotype imputation Genome-wide association study 1000 Genome Project HapMap Rare variant Common disease

Numerical modelling of flow and transport in rough fractures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第6期6卷 535-545页

作者： Scott Briggs Bryan W.Karney brent E.Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

Simulation of flow and transport through rough walled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random walk （RW）, respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and RWmethod are well suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow, backward facing step and single fracture flow; and the RWmodel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Solute transport Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) Random walk(RW)

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies for Chronic Pain

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第6期22卷 403-411页

作者： brent A.Bauer Jon C.Tilburt Amit Sood 李光熙王师菡 Division of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Mayo Clinic Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic

ABSTRACT Pain afflicts over 50 million people in the US, with 30.7% US adults suffering with chronic pain. Despite advances in therapies, many patients will continue to deal with ongoing symptoms that are not fully addressed by the best conventional medicine has to offer them. The patients frequently turn to therapies outside the usual purview of conventional medicine （herbs, acupuncture, meditation, etc.） called complementary and alternative medicine （CAM）. Academic and governmental groups are also starting to incorporate CAM recommendations into chronic pain management strategies. Thus, for any physician who care for patients with chronic pain, having some familiarity with these therapies--including risks and benefits--will be key to helping guide patients in making evidence-based, well informed decisions about whether or not to use such therapies. On the other hand, if a CAM therapy has evidence of both safety and efficacy then not making it available to a patient who is suffering does not meet the need of the patient. We summarize the current evidence of a wide variety of CAM modalities that have potential for helping patients with chronic pain in this article. The triad of chronic pain symptoms, ready access to information on the internet, and growing patient empowerment suggest that CAM therapies will remain a consistent part of the healthcare of patients dealing with chronic pain.

关键词： complementary and alternative medicine therapy chronic pain safety and efficacy

Hyperbolic resonant radiation of concomitant microcombs induced by cross-phase modulation

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Photonics Research 2023年第6期11卷 1075-1084页

作者： YANG WANG WEIQIANG WANG ZHIZHOU LU XINYU WANG LONG HUANG brent ELITTLE SAI TCHU WEI ZHAO WENFU ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing United Microelectronics Center(CUMEC) Chongqing 401332China Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

A high-quality optical microcavity can enhance optical nonlinear effects by resonant recirculation,which provides a reliable platform for nonlinear optics *** a soliton microcomb and a probe optical field are coexisting in a micro-resonator,a concomitant microcomb(CMC)induced by cross-phase modulation(XPM)will be formed ***,we characterize the CMC comprehensively in a micro-resonator through theory,numerical simulation,and experimental *** is found that the CMCs spectra are modulated due to resonant radiation(RR)resulting from the interaction of dispersion and XPM *** group velocity dispersion induces symmetric RRs on the CMC,which leads to a symmetric spectral envelope and a dual-peak pulse in frequency and temporal domains,respectively,while the group velocity mismatch breaks the symmetry of RRs and leads to asymmetric spectral and temporal *** the group velocity is linearly varying with frequency,two RR frequencies are hyperbolically distributed about the pump,and the probe light acts as one of the asymptotic *** results enrich the CMC dynamics and guide microcomb design and applications such as spectral extension and dark pulse generation.

关键词： resonant symmetric dispersion

Ineffective esophageal motility is associated with acute rejection after lung transplantation independent of gastroesophageal reflux

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第21期29卷 3292-3301页

作者： Wai-Kit Lo brent Hiramoto Hilary J Goldberg Nirmal Sharma Walter W Chan Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndoscopyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux is associated with poorer outcomes after lung transplant,likely through recurrent aspiration and allograft *** prior studies have demonstrated a relationship between impedance-pH results and transplant outcomes,the role of esophageal manometry in the assessment of lung transplant patients remains debated,and the impact of esophageal dysmotility on transplant outcomes is *** particular interest is ineffective esophageal motility(IEM)and its associated impact on esophageal *** To assess the relationship between pre-transplant IEM diagnosis and acute rejection after lung *** This was a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients at a tertiary care center between 2007 and *** with pre-transplant anti-reflux surgery were *** and reflux diagnoses were recorded from pre-transplant esophageal function ***-to-event analysis using Cox proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate outcome of first episode of acute cellular rejection,defined histologically per International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation *** not meeting this endpoint were censored at time of post-transplant anti-reflux surgery,last clinic visit,or ***’s exact test for binary variables and student’s t-test for continuous variables were performed to assess for differences between *** Of 184 subjects(54%men,mean age:58,follow-up:443 person-years)met criteria for *** pulmonary fibrosis represented the predominant pulmonary diagnosis(41%).During the follow-up period,60 subjects(33.5%)developed acute *** all-cause mortality was 16.3%.Time-to-event univariate analyses demonstrated significant association between IEM and acute rejection[hazard ratio(HR):1.984,95%CI:1.03-3.30,P=0.04],confirmed on Kaplan-Meier *** multivariable analysis,IEM remained independently associated with acute rejection,even after c

关键词： Ineffective esophageal motility Esophageal hypomotility Esophageal manometry Gastroesophageal reflux disease Lung transplantation Acute rejection