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Global patterns and ecological drivers of taxonomic and phylogenetic endemism in angiosperm genera

Plant diversity 2024年第2期46卷 149-157页

作者： Hong Qian brent d.mishler Jian Zhang Shenhua Qian Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA University and Jepson Herbaria Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-2465USA Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

Endemism of lineages lies at the core of understanding variation in community composition among geographic regions because it reflects how speciation,extinction,and dispersal have influenced current ***,we investigated geographic patterns and ecological drivers of taxonomic and phylogenetic endemism of angiosperm genera across the *** identify centers of paleo-endemism and neo-endemism of angiosperm genera,and show that they are mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere in tropical and subtropical regions,particularly in Asia and *** categories of phylogenetic endemism centers can be differentiated using current climate *** climate,historical climate change,and geographic variables together explained~80%of global variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic endemism,while 42-46%,1%,and 15%were independently explained by these three types of variables,*** our findings show that past climate change,current climate,and geography act together in shaping endemism,which are consistent with the findings of previous studies that higher temperature and topographic heterogeneity promote *** study showed that many centers of phylogenetic endemism of angiosperms,including regions in Amazonia,Venezuela,and west-central tropical Africa that have not previously been identified as biodiversity hotspots,are missed by taxon-based measures of endemism,indicating the importance of including evolutionary history in biodiversity assessment.

关键词： Angiosperm Current climate Endemism Historical climate change Topographic heterogeneity

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The Origin and Evolution of Oleosin in Land Plants

The Origin and Evolution of Oleosin in Land Plants

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生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十五届会员代表大会暨八十周年学术年会

作者： Yuan Fang brent d.mishler Rui-Liang Zhu School of Life Science East China Normal University University Herbarium Jepson Herbariumand Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California

Lipid droplets,with oleosin embedded in the half-unit membrane appear to be ubiquitous and are found almost across the plant kingdom;while oil body,bounded by a single unit membrane containing lipophilic globules suspended in a proteinaceous matrix,are thought to be a unique character of *** structural protein oleosins,prevent the cytoplasm lipid droplets from aggregating or collapsing,however,the function of the oil body outside membrane has not yet *** explored whether liverworts,the earliest split of land plants,have oleosin *** Marchantia polymorpha,one predicted sequence was found that could encode oleosin,possessing the hallmark of oleosin,Pro knot(-PX5SPX3P-).The evolution of oleosin in land plants was reconstructed based on the dNA and amino acid sequences of oleosins,involved in 26 representative species,covered almost all the main lineages of land *** the phylogenetic tree,oleosin genes were characterized into three groups.M-oleosins,were evaluated and defined as a novel group from the previous two,low molecular weight isoform(L-oleosin) and high molecular weight isoform(H-oleosin),according to their amino-acid organization,phylogenetic criteria,expression tissues,and immunological *** basal lineages of land plants,including liverworts,mosses,lycophytes,and gymnosperms,only M-oleosins have been *** later evolution,this isoform oleosins remain and express in the anigosperm gametophyte,pollen *** tree analyses suggest that M-oleosins should as a precursor,then sister to the ancestor of L-oleosins and *** the genomic level,almost half of oleosins do not have *** has,Both in the L-isoform and the M-isoform,one intron inserts behind the proline knot motif,while in the H-isoform,one intron just locates immediately before the proline knot motif encoding *** the finding of oleosin encoding sequence in liverworts,the gene has strong sequence homology and structural similarity

关键词： oleosin oil body lipid droplet phylogenetic Marchantia polymorpha liverwort

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Spatial phylogenetics of the Chinese angiosperm flora provides insights into endemism and conservation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第1期64卷 105-117页

作者： Xiao-Xia Zhang Jian-Fei Ye Shawn W.Laffan brent d.mishler Andrew H.Thornhill Li-Min Lu Ling-Feng Mao Bing Liu You-Hua Chen An-Ming Lu Joseph T.Miller Zhi-duan Chen State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Beijing Botanical Garden Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720-2465USA The University of Adelaide Environment InstituteAdelaideSA5005Australia State Herbarium of South Australia Botanic Gardens and State HerbariumDepartment for Environment and WaterAdelaideSA5001Australia College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNANJING 210037China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Chengdu Institute of Biology the Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Global Biodiversity Information Facility CopenhagenDenmark

The flora of China is well known for its high diversity and endemism. Identifying centers of endemism and designating conservation priorities are essential goals for biodiversity ***, there is no comprehensive study from a rigorous phylogenetic perspective to understand patterns of diversity and endemism and to guide biodiversity conservation in China. We conducted a spatial phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese angiosperm flora at the generic level to identify centers of neo-and paleoendemism. Our results indicate that:(i) themajority of grid cells in China with significantly high phylogenetic endemism(PE) were located in the mountainous regions;(ii) four of the nine centers of endemism recognized, located in northern and western China, were recognized for the first time;(iii) arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China were commonly linked to significant PE, consistent with other spatial phylogenetic studies worldwide;and(iv) six highpriority conservation gaps were detected by overlaying the boundaries of China’s nature reserves on all significant PE cells. Overall, we conclude that the mountains of southern and northern China contain both paleo-endemics(ancient relictual lineages) and neo-endemics(recently diverged lineages). The areas we highlight as conservation priorities are important for broad-scale planning, especially in the context of evolutionary history preservation.

关键词： categorical analysis of neo-and paleo-endemism Chinese angiosperm flora conservation priority phylogenetic endemism phylogenetic diversity spatial phylogenetics

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Targeted Mitochondrial delivery to Hepatocytes:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第2期10卷 321-328页

作者： brent d.Heineman Xiaocong Liu George Y.Wu department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

defects in mitochondria are responsible for various genetic and acquired *** transplantation,a method that involves introduction of healthy donor mitochondria into cells with dysfunctional mitochondria,could offer a novel approach to treat such *** studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefit of mitochondrial transplantation and targeted delivery in vivo and in vitro within hepatocytes and the *** review discusses the issues regarding isolation and delivery of mitochondria to hepatocytes and the liver,and examines the existing literature in order to elucidate the utility and practicality of mito-chondrial transplantation in the treatment of liver *** reviewed demonstrate that mitochondrial uptake could specifically target hepatocytes,address the challenge of non-specific localization of donor mitochondria,and provide evidence of changes in liver function following injection of mitochondria into mouse and rat disease *** potential benefits and advantages of mitochondrial trans-plantation are evident,more research is needed to determine the practicality of mitochondrial transplantation for the treatment of genetic and acquired liver diseases.

关键词： Mitochondria Hepatocytes Transplantation Liver In vitro tech-niques

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Bayesian optimization with active learning of design constraints using an entropy-based approach

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1866-1879页

作者： danial Khatamsaz brent Vela Prashant Singh duane d.Johnson douglas Allaire Raymundo Arróyave J.Mike Walker’66 department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Ames Laboratory U.S.Department of EnergyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA department of Materials Science&Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

The design of alloys for use in gas turbine engine blades is a complex task that involves balancing multiple objectives and *** alloys must be ductile at room temperature and retain their yield strength at high temperatures,as well as possess low density,high thermal conductivity,narrow solidification range,high solidus temperature,and a small linear thermal expansion *** Integrated Computational Materials Engineering(ICME)methods are not sufficient for exploring combinatorially-vast alloy design spaces,optimizing for multiple objectives,nor ensuring that multiple constraints are *** this work,we propose an approach for solving a constrained multi-objective materials design problem over a large composition space,specifically focusing on the Mo-Nb-Ti-V-W system as a representative Multi-Principal Element Alloy(MPEA)for potential use in next-generation gas turbine *** approach is able to learn and adapt to unknown constraints in the design space,making decisions about the best course of action at each stage of the *** a result,we identify 21 Pareto-optimal alloys that satisfy all *** proposed framework is significantly more efficient and faster than a brute force approach.

关键词： alloys solidification alloy

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Novel Approaches to Inhibition of HBsAg Expression from cccdNA and Chromosomal Integrants:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第7期11卷 1485-1497页

作者： Ahmed H.Abdelwahed brent d.Heineman George Y.Wu department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a widely prevalent liver infection that can cause acute or chronic *** current treatment modalities are highly effective in the suppression of viral levels,they cannot eliminate the virus or achieve definitive *** is a consequence of the complex nature of HBV-host *** challenges to achieving sustained viral suppression include the presence of a high viral burden from the HBV dNA and hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),the presence of reservoirs for HBV replication and antigen production,and the HBV-impaired innate and adaptive immune response of the *** therapeutic methods include cell entry inhibitors,HBsAg inhibitors,gene editing approaches,immune-targeting therapies and direct inhibitors of covalently closed circular dNA(cccdNA).Novel approaches that target these key mechanisms are now being studied in preclinical and clinical *** this review article,we provide a comprehensive review on mechanisms by which HBV escapes elimination from current treatments,and highlight new agents to achieve a definitive HBV cure.

关键词： Hepatitis B Viruses Liver disease Hepatocytes Gene editing

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LidAR mapping of ground damage in a heading re-orientation case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 67-74页

作者： Nicole Evanek brent Slaker Anthony Iannacchione Tim Miller National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA 15260USA East Fairfield Coal Company North LimaOH 44452USA

The Subtropolis Mine is a room-and-pillar mine extracting the Vanport limestone near Petersburg,Ohio,*** February of 2018,mine management began implementing a heading re-orientation to better control the negative effects of excessive levels of horizontal *** conditions in the headings improved,but as expected,stress-related damage concentrated within *** mine operator has worked to lessen the impact of the instabilities in the outby crosscuts by implementing several engineering *** the implementation of each control,conditions were monitored and analyzed using observational and measurement techniques including 3d LidAR *** the heading re-orientation,several 3d LidAR surveys have been conducted and analyzed by researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).This study examines(1)the characteristics of each 3d LidAR survey,(2)the change in the detailed strata conditions in response to stress concentrations,and(3)the change detection techniques between 3d LidAR surveys to assess entry ***,the 3d LidAR surveys proved to be a useful tool for characterizing ground instability and assessing the effectiveness of the engineering controls used in the heading re-orientation at the Subtropolis Mine.

关键词： Ground control Limestone Horizontal stress Stress control layout Crosscut Windows

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Isolated non-hemorrhagic cecal varices

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第4期2卷 316-319页

作者： James d.Haddad brent W.Lacey department of Internal Medicine Naval Medical Center San DiegoCAUSA department of Gastroenterology Naval Medical CenterSan DiegoCAUSA

Ectopic varices(those outside of the gastro-esophageal region)are occasionally found on endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension;however they account for a small minority of all variceal *** of isolated cecal varices are quite rare and,when described,often present with acute hemorrhage or evidence of occult *** present the case of a 29-year-old male with a history of idiopathic portal vein thrombosis and known esophageal varices,who presented for evaluation of abdominal *** varices were found on endoscopy,without evidence of bleeding and without varices in the remainder of the colon or *** ultrasound and computed tomography were useful in confirming the diagnosis and natural history of these unusual varices.

关键词： endoscopic ultrasound cecal varices portal vein thrombosis

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Tranexamic acid for major trauma patients in Ireland

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 11-17页

作者： Kieran Walsh Francis O’Keeff e Louise brent Biswadev Mitra National Trauma Research Institute the Alfred HospitalMelbourne 3004Australia Critical Care Research School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia Emergency&Trauma Centre Alfred HealthMelbourne 3004Australia Emergency department Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 R2WYIreland National Offi ce for Clinical Audit Ardilaun HouseDublin D02 VN51Ireland

BACKGROUNd:The Clinical Randomisation of an Anti-fibrinolytic in Significant Hemorrhage-2(CRASH-2)is the largest randomized control trial(RCT)examining circulatory resuscitation for trauma patients to date and concluded a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients administered tranexamic acid(TXA)within 3 hours of *** the publication of CRASH-2,significant geographical variance in the use of TXA for trauma patients *** study aims to assess TXA use for major trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock in Ireland after the publication of ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Trauma Audit and Research Network(TARN).All injured patients in Ireland between January 2013 and december 2018 who had evidence of hemorrhagic shock on presentation(as defined by systolic blood pressure[SBP]d administration of blood products)were eligible for *** at hospital discharge was the primary ***:during the study period,a total of 234 patients met the inclusion *** injured patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,133(56.8%;95%confidence interval[CI]50.2%–63.3%)received *** patients that received TXA,a higher proportion of patients presented with shock index>1(70.68%vs.57.43%)and higher Injury Severity Score(ISS>25;49.62%vs.23.76%).Administration of TXA was not associated with mortality at hospital discharge(odds ratio[OR]0.86,95%CI 0.31–2.38).CONCLUSIONS:Among injured Irish patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,TXA was administered to 56.8%of *** administered with TXA were on average more severely ***,a mortality benefit could not be demonstrated.

关键词： Tranexamic acid Shock Ireland Hemorrhage

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The effects of selection for cold tolerance on cross-tolerance to other environmental stressors in drosophila melanogaster

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Insect Science 2009年第3期16卷 263-276页

作者： Heath A. MacMillan Jillian P. Walsh brent J. Sinclair department of Biology The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B7 Canada

Cross tolerance, whereby tolerance to one environmental stress is correlated with tolerance to other stressors, is thought to be widespread in insects. We used lines of drosophila melanogaster Meigen （diptera： drosophilidae） selected for survival at a 1-h exposure to -5℃ to examine the extent to which this selection results in increased tolerance to other stresses, including high and low temperatures, desiccation and starvation. While selection improved tolerance to acute cold exposure and survival at -5℃, there was little effect of selection regime on tolerance to other stressors. There was no correlation between tolerances to any of the stressors, suggesting different mechanisms of tolerance. This supports arguments that correlations between stress tolerances during selection experiments with d. melanogaster may be coincidental. The magnitude of heat-hardening was apparently constrained by basal tolerance among lines, but the magnitude of the rapid cold-hardening response was not correlated with basal cold tolerance, implying that the relationship between inducible and basal tolerances differs at high and low temperatures.

关键词： chill coma cold tolerance cross-tolerance desiccation heat shock high temperature laboratory selection longevity rapid cold hardening starvation

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