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Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Biomass Accumulation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Channa B. Rajashekar brenden armstrong Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) is gaining interest in agriculture because of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO2 (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of growth characteristics and biomass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiO2 to seeds through imbibition resulted in a significant reduction in shoot biomass accumulation while 5 nm nTiO2 did not affect the biomass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiO2 reduced the fresh shoot biomass accumulation by about 18% compared to the control plants. Other growth characteristics such as shoot dry biomass, root fresh and dry biomass, plant height, and leaf area were not affected by the application of both 5 nm and 10 nm nTiO2. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the growth parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiO2 application to lettuce seeds had a notable negative impact on shoot growth while foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant growth characteristics. However, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, which were more pronounced with increasing concentrations of both 5 nm and 10 nm nTiO2. However, these symptoms were apparent at a concentration as low as 50 mg/L of nTiO2. Thus, foliar application of nTiO2 may not have a significant impact on many of the growth characteristics in lettuce, but it can result in foliar toxicity.

关键词： Growth Characteristics Lettuce Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide Toxicity

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Elevated Carbon Dioxide Level Suppresses Nutritional Quality of Lettuce and Spinach

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 246-258页

作者： Anju Giri brenden armstrong Channa B. Rajashekar Department of Horticulture Forestry and Recreational Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Rising global CO2 levels are a major factor that impacts not only the environment but also many plant functions including growth, productivity and nutritional quality. The study examined the impact of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality and growth characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentration of many important nutrients including nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus in the edible parts of both lettuce and spinach. The nitrogen concentration in lettuce shoots was reduced by more than 30% at elevated [CO2] compared to the plants grown at ambient level of CO2. Similarly the concentration of a number of micronutrients including sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesium, was depressed in lettuce shoots. Although the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lettuce at elevated CO2, they were not affected in spinach. The photosynthetic activity was variable among the plant species while there was no increase in the carbon accumulation in these plants at elevated [CO2]. However, there was significant reduction in the leaf stomatal conductance in both lettuce and spinach in response to higher [CO2], which is likely affect both water loss from the leaves and their photosynthetic activity. The results indicate a broad adverse impact of rising [CO2] on the nutritional quality of commonly consumed leafy vegetables namely, lettuce and spinach.

关键词： Elevated Carbon Dioxide Lettuce Nutritional Quality Phytochemicals Protein Deficiency Spinach

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Recent advances in structural modification on graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))-based photocatalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production

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Nano Research Energy 2024年第1期3卷 101-151页

作者： Feng Ming Yap Grayson Zhi Sheng Ling brenden Jing Su Jian Yiing Loh Wee-Jun Ong School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy&Catalysis Technology(CONNECT) Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor Darul Ehsan 43900Malaysia State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Gulei Innovation Institute Xiamen UniversityZhangzhou 363200China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057China

To date,extensively high demand for hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has been predominantly supplied by the anthraquinone process for several worldwide applications,encompassing wastewater treatment,environmental remediation,and chemical ***,the compacted manufacturing,massive energy input and the release of tremendous wastes have restricted commercialization *** to mitigate such issues,the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production by utilizing g-C_(3)N_(4)catalysts has endowed a greener,sustainable and promising alternative,considering that it involves water and oxygen as reactants in the present of sunlight as energy ***,we have manifested a comprehensive overview of the research progress for g-C_(3)N_(4)-based semiconductors for photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)*** review has systematically elucidated state-of-the-art development of different modifications on g-C_(3)N_(4)to unravel the fundamental mechanism of H_(2)O_(2)evolution via oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and water oxidation reaction(WOR).In addition,the contribution made by vacancy introduction,doping,heterogenization,and co-catalyst passivation with respect to photoefficiency enhancement have been ***,the current challenges and perspective of future development directions on photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production have also been *** such,g-C_(3)N_(4)stands as the next step toward advancement in the configuration and modulation of high-efficiency photocatalysts.

关键词： photocatalysis g-C_(3)N_(4) H_(2)O_(2)production structural modification

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Effects of Avian Wings Color Patterns on Their Flight Performance:Experimental and Computational Studies

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第2期20卷 683-710页

作者： Ahmed Aboelezz brenden Herkenhoff Mostafa Hassanalian Department of Mechanical Engineering New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechnologySocorroNM87801USA

There are many theories behind the colors of a bird’s *** of these theories point to the color’s purpose to attract mates and hide from *** recent investigations concluded that the dark colors of birds help in reducing the drag force during flight.A new theory is presented in the current research,which states that a bird's dark color not only reduces the drag,but the color pattern also improves the overall flight performance,and each color pattern has a different type of flight performance *** difference in improvement is a result of variation in hot and cold surfaces on the bird skin as a result of the variation between light and dark feather *** prove this new theory,thermal images were captured of real bird wings under the effect of infrared ***,a novel wind tunnel wing with the ability to adjust the temperature in desired locations and patterns on the wing’s surface was manufactured and tested to evaluate the effect of aerodynamics forces as a function in the surface temperature and the hot–cold *** collected data from this wing showed potential flight efficiency improvements of 20%,comparing the lift-to-drag ratio for specific heating cases,which could increase the flight *** considering lift and drag,there were specific heating cases with corresponding angles of attack in which these parameters improved by up to 20%and 7%,*** heating cases could increase the lift at a low angle of attack,which is helpful in cruise flight performance,while some cases could increase the maximum lift coefficient by 6%.This is very helpful in lowering stall and the minimum flight ***,some cases could increase the lift-to-drag ratio,which led to an increase in the flight *** better understand the effect of the various patterns,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were conducted on the *** new theory was proved based on the CFD results and verified through the success

关键词： Aerodynamic loads CFD Drag Heated boundary layer Surface temperature

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Evolution of superconductivity and charge order in pressurized RbV_(3)Sb_(5)

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第1期31卷 24-30页

作者： Feng Du Shuaishuai Luo Rui Li brenden R.Ortiz Ye Chen Stephen D.Wilson Yu Song Huiqiu Yuan Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device Department of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Materials Department and California Nanosystems Institute University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106United States State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The kagome metals AV_(3)Sb_(5)(A=K,Rb,Cs)under ambient pressure exhibit an unusual charge order,from which superconductivity *** this work,by applying hydrostatic pressure using a liquid pressure medium and carrying out electrical resistance measurements for RbV_(3)Sb_(5),we find that the charge order becomes suppressed under a modest pressure pc(1.4 GPa

关键词： kagome superconductor temperature–pressure phase diagram superconducting dome hydrostatic pressure

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Utility of D-dimer in total joint arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第3期14卷 90-102页

作者： brenden Cutter Zachary C Lum Mauro Giordani John P Meehan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Valley Orthopedic Surgery Residency/Valley Consortium for Medical EducationModestoCA 95351United States Department of Orthopaedics Adult Reconstruction DivisionUniversity of CaliforniaDavis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817United States

As the number of patients receiving total joint replacements continues to rise,considerable attention has been directed towards the early detection and prevention of postoperative *** D-dimer has long been studied as a diagnostic tool in venous thromboembolism(VTE),this assay has recently received considerable attention in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection(PJI).D-dimer values are substantially elevated in the acute postoperative period after total joint arthroplasty,with levels often exceeding the standard institutional cutoff for VTE(500µg/L).The utility of D-dimer in detecting VTE after total joint replacement is currently limited,and more research to assess its value in the setting of contemporary prophylaxis protocols is *** literature supports D-dimer as a good to excellent biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic PJI,especially when using serum sample *** should exercise caution when interpreting D-dimer levels in patients with inflammatory and hypercoagulability disorders,as the diagnostic value is *** updated 2018 Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria,which includes D-dimer levels>860µg/L as a minor criterion,may be the most accurate for diagnosing chronic PJI to *** prospective trials with transparent lab testing protocols are needed to establish best assay practices and optimal cutoff values for D-dimer in the diagnosis of *** review summarizes the most current literature on the value of D-dimer in total joint arthroplasty and elucidates areas for future progress.

关键词： D-dimer Diagnosis Periprosthetic joint infection Venous thromboembolism Deep vein thrombosis Arthroplasty

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Excited electronic states and internal conversion in cyanocobalamin

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 439-443页

作者： Theodore E.Wiley brenden C.Arruda Nicholas A.Miller Michael Lenard Roseanne J.Sension Department of Chemistry University of Michigan

Cyanocobalamin （CNCbl） is a paradigm system for the study of excited electronic states and biological cofactors including the B12 vitamers, The photophysics of CNCbl has been thoroughly investigated using both ultrafast spectroscopy and time dependent density functional theory （TD-DFT）. Here we review the spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of CNCbl with emphasis on the nature of S1, the lowest excited electronic state, and extend the spectroscopic measurements to include the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. Ultrafast transient absorption measurements in the visible αβ band region and in the mid- infrared led to assignment of the S1 state to a ligand-to-metal charge transfer （LMCT） with lengthened axial bonds and a ~3 kcal/mol harrier for internal conversion to the ground state. The present measurements encompassing the y band region of the spectrum provide further support for the assignment of the S1 state. The experiments are in good agreement with the results of TD-DFT calculations which confirm the expected lengthening of the axial bonds in S1 and account for the observed barrier for internal conversion back to the ground state,

关键词： CyanocobalaminExcited electronic statesUltrafast spectroscopyTime dependent density functional theoryLigand-to-metal charge transfer

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Nodeless superconductivity in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第10期64卷 19-24页

作者： Weiyin Duan Zhiyong Nie Shuaishuai Luo Fanghang Yu brenden R.Ortiz Lichang Yin Hang Su Feng Du An Wang Ye Chen Xin Lu Jianjun Ying Stephen D.Wilson Xianhui Chen Yu Song Huiqiu Yuan Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics Zhejiang University Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics University of Science and Technology of China Materials Department and California Nanosystems Institute University of California Santa Barbara CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Zhejiang University

The recently discovered kagome metal series AV3Sb5(A=K, Rb, Cs) exhibits topologically nontrivial band structures, chiral charge order and superconductivity, presenting a unique platform for realizing exotic electronic states. The nature of the superconducting state and the corresponding pairing symmetry are key questions that demand experimental clarification. Here, using a technique based on the tunneling diode oscillator, the magnetic penetration depth ?λ(T) of CsV3Sb5was measured down to 0.07 K. A clear exponential behavior in ?λ(T) with marked deviations from a T or T2 temperature dependence was observed at low temperatures, indicating an absence of nodal quasiparticles. Temperature dependence of the superfiuid density and electronic specific heat can be described by two-gap s-wave superconductivity, consistent with the presence of multiple Fermi surfaces in CsV3Sb5. These results evidence nodeless superconductivity in CsV3Sb5under ambient pressure, and constrain the allowed pairing symmetry.

关键词： kagome superconductor order parameter penetration depth

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Surface-induced orbital-selective band reconstruction in kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5)

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第5期31卷 10-14页

作者： Linwei Huai Yang Luo Samuel M.L.Teicher brenden R.Ortiz Kaize Wang Shuting Peng Zhiyuan Wei Jianchang Shen Bingqian Wang Yu Miao Xiupeng Sun Zhipeng Ou Stephen D.Wilson Junfeng He CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Materials Department and California Nanosystems Institute University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA

The two-dimensional(2 D)kagome superconductor Cs V_(3)Sb_(5) has attracted much recent attention due to the coexistence of superconductivity,charge orders,topology and kagome physics,which manifest themselves as distinct electronic structures in both bulk and surface states of the *** interesting next step is to manipulate the electronic states in this ***,we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)evidence for a surface-induced orbitalselective band reconstruction in Cs V_(3)Sb_(5).A significant energy shift of the electron-like band aroundΓand a moderate energy shift of the hole-like band around M are observed as a function of *** evolution is reproduced in a much shorter time scale by in-situ annealing of the Cs V_(3)Sb_(5) ***-resolved density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the momentum-dependent band reconstruction is associated with different orbitals for the bands aroundΓand M,and the time-dependent evolution points to the change of sample surface that is likely caused by the formation of Cs vacancies on the *** results indicate the possibility of orbital-selective control of the band structure via surface modification,which may open a new avenue for manipulating exotic phenomena in this material system,including superconductivity.

关键词： photoemission kagome superconductor band structure

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Perceptions of Body Mass Index as a Valid Indicator of Weight Status among Adults in the United States

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Health 2019年第5期11卷 578-591页

作者： brenden E. Garrett Joshua H. West Benjamin T. Crookston P. Cougar Hall Department of Public Health Brigham Young University Provo USA

Background: Being overweight or obese increases risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, joint disease, and certain cancers. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to determine weight status. As rates of overweight and obesity have risen sharply in the United States over the past 30 years, perceptions of a “normal” or healthy weight are subject to change. The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptions of BMI as an indicator of weight status. Methods: An online survey was administered to 376 US adults. The survey collected demographic information including height, weight, and perceived weight status (underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese). The survey software calculated and presented participants with their personal BMI values. Participants then answered questions about their perception of the BMI as a valid indicator of weight status. Results: More participants reported a healthy weight status (51.6%) than were classified as such according to their computed BMI (43.6%). The majority of the sample (85.1%) considered BMI to be a valid indicator of weight status, although perceptions of validity varied by weight status. Participants that perceived BMI to be invalid most commonly cited incongruence with one’s perception of their own body weight, no accounting for unique body shapes, and no accounting for additional muscle mass. Conclusion: BMI is generally perceived to be a valid indicator of weight status. These perceptions of validity can vary depending on the individuals’ actual weight status. In instances where perceptions are not favorable toward BMI, it is largely attributable to opinions of incongruence with BMI and body shape, type, or composition. Continued use of BMI as a preliminary tool for determining weight status appears to be accepted. Efforts to increase BMI-related awareness and education may be necessary for individuals that currently see it as invalid.

关键词： Body-Mass Index (BMI) Overweight Obesity Weight Status

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