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3D extrusion of multi-biomaterial lattices using an environmentally informed workflow

Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 691-708页

作者： Vasiliki Panagiotidou Andreas Koerner Marcos Cruz brenda parker Bastian Beyer Sofoklis Giannakopoulos Bio-Integrated Design Lab The Bartlett School of ArchitectureUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

The conventional building material palette has been proven limited in terms of adaptability to our current environmental challenges. Innovations in computational design and digital manufacturing have supported the broadening of biomaterial applications as an alternative. While biomaterials are characteristically responsive to stimuli such as temperature and humidity, their unpredictable behaviour is a hurdle to standardization and architectural utilisation. To examine the nexus between material formulation, computation and manufacturing, multi-biomaterial lattice structures were produced through an environmentally informed workflow. Customized biomaterial development resulted in three candidate biopolymer blends with varying levels of hydro-responsiveness and transparency. The computational strategy included a machine learning clustering algorithm to customise results and dictate material distribution outputs. To test the workflow, environmental data of solar radiation exposure and solar heat gain from a specific location was used to inform the material deposition via pneumatic extrusion for the design and digital fabrication of a deformation-controlled prototype of 350 mm × 350 mm. This led to a series of multi-biomaterial wall panel components that can be applied at architectural scale. In future, these techniques can support the incorporation of living elements to be embedded within the built environment for truly animate architecture.

关键词： Hydrogels Multi-biomaterials Hygroscopic properties Pneumatic extrusion Environmentally informed deposition Integrated workflows

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Is increased water consumption among older adults associated with improvements in glucose homeostasis?

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第5期3卷 363-367页

作者： Adrienne G. Clark Elizabeth A. Dennis parker Jyoti S. Savla Kevin P. Davy brenda M. Davy Department of Human Development Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Medical Center Washington D.C. USA

Obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis in older adults place these individuals at risk for diabetes. Dehydration, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance are related;while aging and dehydration are associated with decreased glucose tolerance, weight loss can improve glycemia. For older adults following hypocaloric diets, additional water consumption may lead to greater weight loss. Further more, research suggests an association between insulin resistance and the body water retention hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP). Analysis of the association between plasma copeptin (an AVP derivative) and fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) may provide further insight into the relationship between dehydration and diabetes risk. Our objective was to investigate the possibility that increased water consumption among older adults (n = 29, BMI = 31 ± 1 kg/m2, age = 62 ± 1 years) could improve glucose homeostasis beyond that observed with weight loss, as well as associations between plasma copeptin and diabetes risk. This retrospective analysis utilized data from a previous investigation, in which obese/overweight older adults were assigned to one of two groups: 1) Water: consume 500 ml of water prior to three daily meals over a 12-week hypocaloric diet intervention, or 2) Non-water: hypocaloric diet alone. In the present analysis, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and plasma copeptin were evaluated, and compared to urinary specific gravity (USG), drinking water consumption, and body weight. Analyses performed using group assignment, volume of drinking water consumed or among a subgroup pair-matched for weight loss and sex did not reveal significant differences between groups. However in the full sample, plasma insulin concentration was associated with USG (r = 0.512,

关键词： Older Adults Diabetes Glucose Water Consumption Hydration

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Feasibility, effectiveness, and perceptions of an Internet-and incentive-based behavioral weight loss intervention for overweight and obese college freshmen: A mixed methods approach

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第7期3卷 429-440页

作者： brenda M. Davy Kerry L. Potter Elizabeth A. Dennis parker Samantha Harden Jennie L. Hill Tanya M. Halliday Paul A. Estabrooks Bon Secours Health System Porstmouth USA Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Department of Human Nutrition Foods and Exercise Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Department of Family and Community Medicine Carilion Clinic Roanoke USA Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research Georgetown University Washington DC USA

Challenges inherent with the transition to college are often accompanied by weight gain among college freshmen. Weight gain and duration of obesity increase metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood, which supports the need for weight loss interventions tailored to college students. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a mixed methods pilot trial to determine the efficacy and acceptability of a semester long Internet-and incentive-based weight loss intervention for overweight/obese college freshmen. Participants (n = 27, aged >18 yrs, BMI >25) were randomly assigned to a 12-week social cognitive theory (SCT)-based intervention (Fit Freshmen [FF]) or a health information control group. The FF intervention also included modest financial incentives for weight loss. Primary outcomes included body weight/composition, dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors, and psychosocial measures (i.e. self-efficacy, self-regulation) associated with diet, PA, and weight loss. Students in the FF intervention participated in focus groups to provide qualitative feedback on program structure and design. FF participants demonstrated significant reductions (all group differences

关键词： College Freshmen Weight Gain Social Cognitive Theory Diet Physical Activity

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