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Moral Wisdom or Ethical Expertise?(Ⅱ)

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伦理学研究 2003年第1期 92-97页

作者： brenda Almond 英国哲学协会

在哲学领域,我们应该追求道德智慧,还是追求伦理知识,这是一个颇为重要的问题。“智慧”是哲学的一个组成部分,但它也可能成为“知识炫耀”的根源。正因为如此,哲学探讨有深刻和浅薄之分,有“小聪明”和“大智慧”之别。为了更清楚地说明问题,我们可以到西方哲学的源头——柏拉图和亚里士多德的著作中去寻求论据。

关键词：道德智慧伦理知识美德幸福利己智慧为公智慧大众智慧道德哲学

3D extrusion of multi-biomaterial lattices using an environmentally informed workflow

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 691-708页

作者： Vasiliki Panagiotidou Andreas Koerner Marcos Cruz brenda Parker Bastian Beyer Sofoklis Giannakopoulos Bio-Integrated Design Lab The Bartlett School of ArchitectureUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

The conventional building material palette has been proven limited in terms of adaptability to our current environmental challenges. Innovations in computational design and digital manufacturing have supported the broadening of biomaterial applications as an alternative. While biomaterials are characteristically responsive to stimuli such as temperature and humidity, their unpredictable behaviour is a hurdle to standardization and architectural utilisation. To examine the nexus between material formulation, computation and manufacturing, multi-biomaterial lattice structures were produced through an environmentally informed workflow. Customized biomaterial development resulted in three candidate biopolymer blends with varying levels of hydro-responsiveness and transparency. The computational strategy included a machine learning clustering algorithm to customise results and dictate material distribution outputs. To test the workflow, environmental data of solar radiation exposure and solar heat gain from a specific location was used to inform the material deposition via pneumatic extrusion for the design and digital fabrication of a deformation-controlled prototype of 350 mm × 350 mm. This led to a series of multi-biomaterial wall panel components that can be applied at architectural scale. In future, these techniques can support the incorporation of living elements to be embedded within the built environment for truly animate architecture.

关键词： Hydrogels Multi-biomaterials Hygroscopic properties Pneumatic extrusion Environmentally informed deposition Integrated workflows

Modelling potential distribution of a pine bark beetle in Mexican temperate forests using forecast data and spatial analysis tools

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 649-659页

作者： Antonio Gonzalez-Hernandez Rene Morales-Villafana Martin Enrique Romero-Sanchez brenda Islas-Trejo Ramiro Perez-Miranda Conservation and Enhancement of Forest Ecosystems National Institute of ForestryAgriculture and Livestock ResearchProgreso 504010 Coyoacan Mexico CityMexico Geography Department The National Autonomous University of MexicoUniversidad 300004010 Coyoacan Mexico CityMexico

Accurate and reliable predictions of pest species distributions in forest ecosystems are urgently needed by forest managers to develop management plans and monitor new areas of potential ***-only species distribution models are commonly used in these *** maximum entropy algorithm(MaxEnt)has gained popularity for modelling species ***,MaxEnt was used to model the spatial distribution of the Mexican pine bark beetle(Dendroctonus mexicanus)in a daily fashion by using forecast data from the Weather Research and Forecasting *** study aimed to exploit freely available geographic and environmental data and software and thus provide a pathway to overcome the lack of costly data and technical guidance that are a challenge to implementing national monitoring and management strategies in developing *** results showed overall agreement values between 60 and 87%.The results of this research can be used for *** monitoring and management and may aid as a model to monitor similar species.

关键词： Spatial analysis Dendroctonus mexicanus Geodatabases MaxEnt Forest modelling

IDO1 in cancer: a Gemini of immune checkpoints

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第5期15卷 447-457页

作者： Lijie Zhai Erik Ladomersky Alicia Lenzen brenda Nguyen Ricky Patel Kristen L Lauing Meijing Wu Derek A Wainwright Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Division of Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationNorthwestern University Ann&Robert H.Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology Northwestern University Department of Microbiology-Immunology Northwestern University Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology and Oncology Northwestern UniversityBrain Tumor InstituteNorthwestern University Robert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that converts the essential amino acid tryptophan(Trp)into downstream catabolites known as ***,numerous studies have demonstrated that IDO1 is highly expressed in multiple types of human *** studies have further introduced an interesting paradox:while single-agent treatment with IDO1 enzyme inhibitor has a negligible effect on decreasing the established cancer burden,approaches combining select therapies with IDO1 blockade tend to yield a synergistic benefit against tumor growth and/or animal subject *** the high expression of IDO1 among multiple cancer types along with the lack of monotherapeutic efficacy,these data suggest that there is a more complex mechanism of action than previously *** to the dual faces of the astrological Gemini,we highlight the multiple roles of IDO1 and review its canonical association with IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism,as well as documented evidence confirming the dispensability of enzyme activity for its immunosuppressive *** gene transcript levels for IDO1 highlight its strong association with T-cell infiltration,but the lack of a universal prognostic significance among all cancer ***,ongoing clinical trials are discussed with consideration of IDO1-targeting strategies that enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients。

关键词： glioblastoma glioma IDO immunosuppression kynurenine immunotherapy melanoma Treg

Gracilaria fisheri oligosaccharides ameliorate inflammation and colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in mice with acetic acid-induced colitis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第10期11卷 440-449页

作者： brenda Siringoringo Nawiya Huipao Chittipong Tipbunjong Jongdee Nopparat Santad Wichienchot Albert M.Hutapea Pissared Khuituan Division of Health and Applied Sciences Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhlaThailand Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit Prince of Songkla UniversitySongkhlaThailand Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center Prince of Songkla UniversitySongkhlaThailand Center of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy Faculty of Agro-IndustryPrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhlaThailand Department of Pharmacy Faculty of ScienceUniversitas Advent IndonesiaBandungIndonesia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Gracilaria fisheri oligosaccharides(GFO)on inflammation and colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in colitis ***:The animals were treated by oral gavage with distilled water,1000 mg/kg inulin,100,500,or 1000 mg/kg GFO for 14 d,or treated with 50 mg/kg mesalamine for 5 d after colitis induction(on day 10).Histopathology,inflammatory cytokines,colonic permeability,and tight junction proteins were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining,Ussing chamber technique,and Western blotting assays,***:GFO ameliorated histological damage in colitis mice when compared to untreated colitis *** with 100,500,and 1000 mg/kg GFO reduced TNF-αexpression,while IL-1βwas significantly reduced in colitis mice treated with 500 and 1000 mg/*** to untreated colitis mice,GFO increased transepithelial electrical resistance,reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran paracellular flux,and modulated tight junction proteins(occludin and claudin 2)in colitis ***:GFO has anti-inflammatory activity and could modulate colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in acetic acid-induced colitis ***,GFO could modulate the expression of tight junction proteins that play important roles in colonic barrier function.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Cytokines Gut permeability Tight junction Red algae Gracilaria fisheri Mice Anti-inflammation Colonic epithelial barrier

Acceptability of self-collected human papillomavirus specimens in cervical cancer screening: A review

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第3期3卷 90-97页

作者： brenda L Quincy Department of Physician Assistant Studies School of Health Sciences Elon University

Cervical cancer morbidity and mortality is an important public health problem around the world. Some of the barriers to cervical cancer screening include the embar-rassment, discomfort, lack of privacy and time and cost associated with clinician-collected, clinic-based screen-ing with cytology or human papillomavirus tests. Self-collection of a human papillomavirus （HPV） test has been found to be generally more acceptable, less em-barrassing, more comfortable, more private and easy to do and preferred to pelvic examination for cervical cy-tology by many women worldwide. The most common-ly reported limitation to self-collection is a woman’s lack of confdence in her ability to perform it correctly. Self-collected human papillomavirus tests have been shown to be as or more sensitive than cytology or clinician-collected HPV tests. With confidence-building educa-tion about self-collection, it is likely a viable method to extend the reach of screening in high and low-resource areas around the world.

关键词： Cervical cancer Self-collected Human pap-illomavirus Acceptability

Blessing and a curse of outpatient management of delayed graft function

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World Journal of Transplantation 2019年第4期9卷 58-61页

作者： Justin W Blazel Jennifer A Turk brenda L Muth Sandesh Parajuli Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication occurring most often after deceased donor kidney transplant with several donor characteristics as well as immunologic factors that lead to its development *** patients require dialysis and close kidney function monitoring until sufficient allograft function is *** has resulted in limited options for DGF management,either prolonged hospitalization until graft function improves to the point where dialysis is no longer needed or discharge back to their home dialysis unit with periodic follow up in the transplant *** is associated with a higher risk for acute rejection,premature graft failure,and 30-d readmission;therefore,these patients need close monitoring,immunosuppression management,and prompt allograft biopsy if prolonged DGF is *** may not occur if these patients are discharged back to their home dialysis *** address this issue,the University of Wisconsin-Madison created a clinic in 2011 specialized in outpatient DGF *** clinic was able to successfully reduce hospital length of stay without an increase in 30-d readmission,graft loss,and patient death.

关键词： Delayed graft function Kidney transplantation Immunosuppression Acute rejection Kidney donor profile index Kidney donor risk index Dialysis

Mate-recognition and species boundaries in the ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 1-12页

作者： Simon H.Martin Emma T.Steenkamp Michael J.Wingfield brenda D.Wingfield Department of Genetics Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002South Africa

Reproductive gene evolution is commonly invoked as a source of reproductive isolation during *** possibility has not been adequately explored in the Ascomycota,the most species-rich fungal *** mechanisms of mate-recognition in this group are relatively simple:a“mating type”locus determines reproductive mode and sexual compatibility,and two pheromone/receptor pairs control sexual ***,ascomycete reproductive genes can experience unique and interesting evolutionary forces,which could lead to rapid *** this review,we examine the mechanisms of sexual interaction in ascomycetes and explore current evidence as to whether these mechanisms allow for species-specificity in *** discuss the evolutionary forces that can drive reproductive gene divergence,how these may apply in the world of ascomycetes,and their possible consequences for speciation.

关键词： Ascomycota Speciation Mating type Pheromone Receptor

Association between admission haematocrit and mortality among men with acute ischaemic stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 160-168页

作者： Jason J Sico Laura J Myers brenda J Fenton John Concato Linda S Williams Dawn M Bravata Neurology Service VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Department of Neurology Center for NeuroEpidemiological and Clinical Neurological ResearchYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA Clinical Epidemiology Research Center(CERC) VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Pain Research InformaticsMultimorbidities and Education(PRIME)Center of InnovationVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Communication and the HSR&D Stroke Quality Enhancement Research Initiative(QUERI) Richard L Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA VA Health Services Research and Development(HSR&D) Center for Healthcare InformaticsRichard L Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public HealthWest HavenConnecticutUSA Medical Service VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA Regenstrief Institute IndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Neurology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Internal Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Objective Anaemia is associated with higher mortality among patients with non-stroke cardiovascular conditions;less is known regarding the relationship between anaemia and mortality among patients with acute ischaemic *** Medical records were abstracted for n=3965 veterans from 131 Veterans Health Administration facilities who were admitted with ischaemic stroke in fiscal year *** values within 24 hours of admission were classified as≤27%,28%-32%,33%-37%,38%-42%,43%-47% or≥48%.Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between anaemia and in-hospital,30-day,6-month and 1-year mortality,adjusting for age,medical comorbidities,modified Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-III and stroke *** factors were calculated to standardise comparisons between haematocrit tier and other *** Among n=3750 patients included in the analysis,the haematocrit values were≤27%in 2.1%(n=78),28%-32% in 6.2%(n=234),33%-37%in 17.9%(n=670),38%-42% in 36.4%(n=1366),43%-47% in 28.2%(n=1059)and≥48% in 9.1%(n=343).Patients with haematocrit≤27%,compared with patients in the 38%-42% range,were more likely to have died across all follow-up intervals,with statistically significant adjusted ORs(aORs)ranging from 2.5 to *** with polycythaemia(ie,haematocrit≥48%)were at increased risk of in-hospital mortality(aOR=2.9;95%CI 1.4 to 6.0),compared with patients with mid-range admission *** differences between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusion limited our ability to perform a propensity *** factors in the 1-year mortality model were 0.46(severe anaemia),0.06(cancer)and 0.018(heart disease).Conclusions Anaemia is independently associated with an increased risk of death throughout the first year post stroke;high haematocrit is associated with early poststroke *** anaemia is associated with 1-year mortality to a greater degree than cancer or heart dise

关键词： mortality admitted transfusion