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Expression of an endoglucanase from Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1 ） in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： Derek Shirley Cris Oppert Todd B. Reynolds Bethany Miracle brenda Oppert William E. Klingeman Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee Department of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USDA-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Manhattan KS 66502 Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Insects are a largely unexploited resource in prospecting for novel cellulolytic enzymes to improve the production of ethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass. The cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production is expected to decrease by the combination of cellulose degradation （saccharification） and fermentation of the resulting glucose to ethanol in a single process, catalyzed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express efficient cellulases. While S. cerevisiae is an established heterologous expression system, there are no available data on the functional expression of insect cellulolytic enzymes for this species. To address this knowledge gap, S. cerevisiae was transformed to express the full-length cDNA encoding an endoglucanase from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （TcEG 1）, and evaluated the activity of the transgenic product （rTcEG 1）. Expression of the TcEG1 cDNA in S. cerevisiae was under control of the strong glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Cultured transformed yeast secreted rTcEG1 protein as a functional β-1,4-endoglucanase, which allowed transformants to survive on selective media containing cellulose as the only available carbon source. Evaluation of substrate specificity for secreted rTcEG1 demonstrated endoglucanase activity, although some activity was also detected against complex cellulose substrates. Potentially relevant to uses in biofuel production rTcEG1 activity increased with pH conditions, with the highest activity detected at pH 12. Our results demonstrate the potential for functional production of an insect cellulase in S. cerevisiae and confirm the stability of rTcEG1 activity in strong alkaline environments.

关键词： biofuels insect cellulase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tribolium castaneum yeast

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The Impact of Cattle Grazing in High Elevation Sierra Nevada Mountain Meadows over Widely Variable Annual Climatic Conditions

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第8期3卷 823-837页

作者： Lindsey Myers brenda Whited Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center (CSERC) PO Box 396 18711 Tiffeni Drive Twain Harte

The impact of summer cattle grazing on water quality during three very different climatic years in the Sierra Nevada was investigated. Water year 2009 had near normal precipitation;2010 had late precipitation and snowmelt;and 2011 had 150% above normal precipitation. Surface waters were tested for pathogenic bacteria indicators fecal coliform, E. coli, and total coliform before and after cattle were released onto summer grazing allotments. Water samples were collected from meadow stream sites up to 6 weeks before and up to 6 weeks after cattle grazing began. Streams passing through ungrazed meadow served as controls. Eight sample sites were between 1694 m and 2273 m in elevation;one site was lower at 1145 m in elevation. Samples were transported within 6 hours to a water analysis laboratory, where samples were analyzed following standardized laboratory methods. Results showed that individual site and total mean concentrations of E. coli in surface waters were within regulatory standards before cattle arrived during each of the 3 study years. After the beginning of grazing, mean E. coli counts increased as follows: 2009 from 8 to 240 CFU/100mL, 2010 from 7 to 561 CFU/10mL;2011 from 7 to 657 CFU/100mL (p < 0.05 all years). Total coliform bacteria and fecal coliform concentrations showed the same pattern. This study shows that cattle grazing in the high elevation Sierra Nevada results in a significant increase in indicator bacteria. This impact on the watersheds occurs despite widely variable annual climatic conditions.

关键词： Water Quality Sierra Nevada Mountain Meadows Livestock Grazing Cattle Indicator Bacteria

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Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNTA) and dynamic wrist-hand orthoses versus orthoses alone for the treatment of spastic-paretic upper extremity in chronic stroke patients

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2014年第1期2卷 12-18页

作者： Sepideh Pooyania brenda Semenko Riverview Health Centre University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential functional improvement of the spastic-paretic upper extremity of individuals with chronic hemiparesis when using a dynamic wrist-hand orthosis with and without concurrent botulinum toxin type-A (BoNTA) injections into the spastic upper extremity muscles. Methods: A three-year retrospective chart review was conducted on all stroke patients referred to out-patient occupational therapy for an upper extremity rehabilitation program, which included use of a dynamic wrist-hand orthosis (DWHO). Three charts documented concurrent treatment with a DWHO + BoNTA. Eleven charts documented DWHO use without concurrent BoNTA treatment. Pre- and post-intervention outcome measure scores were compared between the two groups. Pre- and post-interven- tion scores were also analyzed irrespective of treatment group. Results: Although improvement approached significance on three of the documented outcome measures when comparing the DWHO + BoNTA and DWHO groups, no statistically significant changes were found. A significant difference (p < 0.05) however, was found between the pre- and post-intervention scores irrespective of treatment group in 13 of 14 of the outcome measures documented. Conclusions: Further research with a larger sample size is suggested to assess the combined effect of using a dynamic wrist-hand orthosis and BoNTA injections into the spastic upper extremity muscles of individuals with chronic hemiparesis post stroke.

关键词： Stroke Rehabilitation Botulinum Toxin Orthosis

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Interleukin-1β对促卵泡生成素(FSH)诱导大鼠颗粒细胞雌激素生成的抑制作用

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生理学报 1991年第1期43卷 67-72页

作者：周美华 A.brenda Galway 上海医科大学药理教研室 Department of Reproductive Medicine M-025 University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093

本文利用颗粒细胞的体外培养方法研究了 Interleukin-1β 对 FSH 诱导颗粒细胞雌激素生成的影响。颗粒细胞得自未成熟的、经雌激素处理的大鼠,加入 FSH 及同时加入不同浓度的 Interleukin-1β 后,体外培养三日,观察 Interleukin-1β 对... 详细信息

本文利用颗粒细胞的体外培养方法研究了 Interleukin-1β 对 FSH 诱导颗粒细胞雌激素生成的影响。颗粒细胞得自未成熟的、经雌激素处理的大鼠,加入 FSH 及同时加入不同浓度的 Interleukin-1β 后,体外培养三日,观察 Interleukin-1β 对雌激素生成的影响。结果可见 FSH 刺激颗粒细胞雌激素生成作用随 FSH 剂量的增加而随之增加。Interleukin-1β 单独处理并不影响雌激素的生物合成。但若同时应用 Interleukin-1β 和 FSH 处理,则可见 Inter-eukin-1β 抑制 FSH 诱导颗粒细胞雌激素生成作用,且此抑制作用强度呈剂量依赖性。其最大的抑制作用达83%。该抑制作用在加药处理后48h 即很明显。Interleukin-1β 抑制 fors-kolin 和(Bu)_2 cAMP 引起的雌激素的生成,这表明 Interleukin-1β 的作用点在 cAMP 生成之后。本文结果提示 Interleukin-1β 使颗粒细胞雌激素生成下降的作用有可能参予卵泡的闭锁机制,尤其当机体在遭受炎症、感染期间,Interleukin-1β 是卵巢功能受损的一个可能参予因子。

关键词：颗粒细胞雌激素生成白细胞介素

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DEVELOPING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS

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中国医院 2001年第8期 56-59页

作者： brenda Freshman,Louis Rubino PhD. PhD.

This is the second part in a two part series ofarticles on Emotional Intelligence (EI) andhealth services administration. The first arti-cle described EI and its general application tohospital administration. This installment pro-vides specific training suggestions and toolsfor you to foster the development of emotionalintelligence in yourself and your workplace.

关键词： DEVELOPING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS

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Surgical Smoke:Hazards and Controls

Surgical Smoke:Hazards and Controls

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全国第十一届手术室护理学术交流暨专题讲座会议

作者： brenda Ulmer

Program Purpose Educate About ·Research hased findings ·Contents of surgical smoke ·Health hazard concems ·Recommendations of overseeing agencies ·Protection methods and their effectiveness

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The Trend of Global Harmonization of Regulatory Tests ＆ Guidelines

The Trend of Global Harmonization of Regulatory Tests ＆ Gui...

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中国毒理学会第四届全国学术会议

作者： brenda Tiffin Next Century Incorporated USA Nanjing Medical University

＜正＞To protect human health and environment, regulatory agencies across the world have increasingly specified the types of tests they reclined before they will consider the safety of a " regulated compound", such as pharmaceutical, pesticide, chemical, food additives, etc. They have also moved increasingly toward establishing generic test standards or guidelines for the design and conduct of the required studies for regulatory approval. Multinational bodies like OECD have sought to secure multilateral adherence to standardized test guidelines and minimum testing requirements for new chemicals. The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use （ICH） has

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Towards informed metrics for examining the role of human-induced animal responses in tag studies on wild animals

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 17-29页

作者： Rory P.WILSON Mark HOLTON Vianney LWILSON Richard GUNNER brenda TYSSE Gwendoline IWILSON Flavio QUINTANA Carlos DUARTE D.Michael SCANTLEBURY Biosciences Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWalesUK Department of Geography Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWalesUK Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos(IBIOMAR) CONICETPuerto MadrynChubutArgentina Red Sea Research Centre King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen’s University BelfastBelfastUK

Two prime issues can detrimentally affect animals that have been equipped with tags:(i)the effect of the cap-ture and restraint process;and(ii)the effect of the tag *** work examines some of the issues surround-ing quantification of tag effects on wild animals for both restrained and free-living animals.A new method to quantify stress effects based on monitoring ventilation rates in relation to activity is suggested for restrained an-imals which may help improve the practice of handling *** is also suggested that various metrics,many derived from accelerometers,can be examined in tagged wild animals to examine the change in behaviors over time with a view to having a better understanding of welfare issues,assuring the quality of recorded data and in-forming best practice.

关键词： behavior stress tags wild animals

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Nintendo®Wii&#8482 and a Physical Activity Routine: Effective Therapeutic Interventions in the Older Adult Population?

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第8期4卷 577-582页

作者： Elizabeth A. Fain brenda Kennell Occupational Therapy Assistant Department Central Piedmont Community College Charlotte NC USA Occupational Therapy Department Winston Salem State University Winston-Salem NC USA

Occupational therapists work with individuals across the lifespan to promote health and wellness. “Occupational therapy promotes health and wellbeing through active involvement in meaningful occupations. By helping clients eliminate barriers, enhance their self-management skills, improve their performance of daily activities and adopt healthy habits and routines, occupational therapy unlocks the door to participation across the lifespan” (AOTA, 2010). In today’s world, health and wellness-related services are in demand for those aged 65 and older. As life expectancy rates continue to rise, there is an increase in concern for the field of occupational therapy to find a successful and efficient way to meet the needs of the growing number of older adults (National Center for Health Statistics, 2006). The idea that physical activity can be a beneficial occupation in the elderly has been examined and proved effective as a means of enhancing the quality of life in this population. “Although functional impairments due to the aging process seem to be inevitable, functional limitations due to an inactive lifestyle might be reversed. Indeed, it has been suggested that physically active lifestyles may contribute to improving or maintaining health and wellness” (Fletcher, Gulanick, & Braun, 2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different physical activity programs on individuals aged 65 and older. The variables that were examined were functional skills (activities of daily living), balance skills, and overall upper extremity function. This study looked at two forms of physical activity to determine their individual effects on functional skills, balance, and overall upper extremity function in this population. The two physical activity interventions were the Nintendo™ Wii gaming system and a videotaped exercise routine.

关键词： Nintendo™ Wii Physical Activity Functional Skills Activities of Daily Living

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Path Planning and Navigation of Oceanic Autonomous Sailboats and Vessels: A Survey

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第3期19卷 609-621页

作者： JING Wei LIU Chao LI Ting RAHMAN A B M Mohaimenur XIAN Lintao WANG Xi WANG Yu GUO Zhongwen brenda Gumede TENDAI Wachi Kelvin Department of Computer Fundamentals Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28233USA Department of Computer and Information Sciences Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19122USA

Oceanic autonomous surface vehicles(ASVs) are one kind of autonomous marine robots that have advantages of energy saving and is flexible to use. Nowadays, ASVs are playing an important role in marine science, maritime industry, and national defense. It could improve the efficiency of oceanic data collection, ensure marine transportation safety, and protect national security. One of the core challenges for ASVs is how to plan a safe navigation autonomously under the complicated ocean environment. Based on the type of marine vehicles, ASVs could be divided into two categories: autonomous sailboats and autonomous vessels. In this article, we review the challenges and related solutions of ASVs' autonomous navigation, including modeling analysis, path planning and implementation. Finally, we make a summary of all of those in four tables and discuss about the future research directions.

关键词： autonomous sailboats autonomous vessels model analysis path planning

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