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The effect of white noise on behavioral and flight responses of blue-tailed skinks

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 125-126页

作者： Connor KELLIGREW Sarah TIAN marcus WeISS Dana m.williams Daniel T.BLUmSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA

As human development expands,environments are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic noise which may disrupt animals in a variety of *** noise can be disruptive both as a source of auditory masking,which prevents animals from acquiring acoustic information(Brumm and Slabbekoorn 2005),or as a source of distraction,reallocating an individual's attention and impairing an animal's ability to engage in critical behaviors such as prey risk assessment(Chan et al.2010).

关键词： locating effect critical

Novel approaches to therapeutics in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: vitamin C and tumor treatment fields

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Journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 284-299页

作者： Laith Abushahin Travis Jones Jonathan Song Terence m.williams Haseebah Shahzad Anne Noonan Arthur G.James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J.Solove Research Institute The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Internal medicine Division of Medical OncologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of mechanical&Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic *** extensive clinical research over the past several decades,meaningful improvements in care standards have been challenging to *** efforts are underway on several fronts,including cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations,immunotherapy,and targeted *** this review,we chose to focus less on mainstream avenues of clinical research in PDAC and highlight some novel and innovative research efforts that are typically outside the spotlight of *** of these novel approaches include pharmacologic vitamin C and electromagnetic *** review’s scope is to present the biological basis of the anti-cancer potential and the early clinical data,as well as the future landscape of these agents,including ongoing clinical trials in these therapeutic avenues.

关键词： Pancreas cancer vitamin C ascorbate tumor treatment fields induced electromagnetic field electromagnetic field therapy

Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew macDonald Jamila Skinner Harley williams Julie E.Strychowsky m.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

Cold adaptation does not alter ATP homeostasis during cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 471-481页

作者： Caroline m.williams James R.ROCCA Arthur S.EDISON David B.ALLISON Theodore J.mORGAN Daniel A.HAHN Department of Integrative Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA Departments of Entomology and Nematology University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Biochemistry University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Advanced magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Departments of Genetics and Biochemistry Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthIndiana University BloomingtonBloomingtonIndianaUSA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA

In insects and other ectotherms,cold temperatures cause a coma resulting from loss of neuromuscular function,during which ionic and metabolic homeostasis are progressively *** adaptation improves homeostasis during cold exposure,but the ultimate targets of selection are still an open *** acclimation and adaptation remodels mitochondrial metabolism in insects,suggesting that aerobic energy production during cold exposure could be a target of ***,we test the hypothesis that cold adaptation improves the ability to maintain rates of aerobic energy production during cold exposure by using^(31)P NmR on live *** lines of Drosophila melanogaster artificially selected for fast and slow recovery from a cold coma,we show that cold exposure does not lower ATP levels and that cold adaptation does not alter aerobic ATP production during cold ***-hardy and cold-susceptible lines both experienced a brief transition to anaerobic metabolism during cooling,but this was rapidly reversed during cold exposure,suggesting that oxidative phosphorylation was sufficient to meet energy demands below the critical thermal minimum,even in cold-susceptible *** thus reject the hypothesis that performance under mild low temperatures is set by aerobic ATP supply limitations in ***,excluding oxygen and capacity limitation as a weak link in energy *** work suggests that the modulations to mitochondrial metabolism resulting from cold acclimation or adaptation may arise from selection on a biosynthetic product(s)of those pathways rather than selection on ATP supply during cold exposure.

关键词： chill coma energetics insect oxygen limitation thermal tolerance

Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro michael Wan Takura Darlington mukabeta Ella malev marketa Gross Claudia williams muhammad manjra Jan Herman Kuiper John murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty mETHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

RNA m^(6)A reader YTHDF2 facilitates precursor miR-126 maturation to promote acute myeloid leukemia progression

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 382-396页

作者： Zheng Zhang Keren Zhou Li Han Andrew Small Jianhuang Xue Huilin Huang Hengyou Weng Rui Su brandon Tan Chao Shen Wei Li Zhicong Zhao Ying Qing Xi Qin Kitty Wang Keith Leung mark Boldin Chun-Wei Chen David Ann Zhijian Qian Xiaolan Deng Jianjun Chen Zhenhua Chen Department of Systems Biology Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCA 91016USA Irell and manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong 510060China Guangzhou Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong 510005China Bioland Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong 51005China Department of Liver Surgery Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Diabetes Complications and metabolism Beckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32603USA Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Pharmacy China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110001China

As the most common internal modification of mRNA,Ne-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)and its regulators modulate gene expression and play critical roles in various biological and patholog-ical processes including *** was reported previously that m^(6)A methyltransferase(writer),methyltransferase-like 3(mETTL3)adds m^(6)A in primary microRNAs(pri-miRNAs)and fa-cilitates its processing into precursor miRNAs(pre-miRNAs).However,it is unknown whether m^(6)A modification also plays a role in the maturation process of pre-miRNAs and(if so)whether such a function contributes to ***,we found that YTHDF2 is aberrantly overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia(AmL)patients,especially in relapsed patients,and plays an onco-genic role in ***,YTHDF2 promotes expression of miR-126-3p(also known as miR-126,as it is the main product of precursor miR-126(pre-miR-126)),a miRNA that was reported as an oncomiRNA in AmL,through facilitating the processing of pre-miR-126 into mature ***,YTHDF2 recognizes m^(6)A modification in pre-miR-126 and recruits AGO2,a regulator of pre-miRNA processing,to promote the maturation of ***2 posi-tively and negatively correlates with miR-126 and miR-126's downstream target genes,respec-tively,in AmL patients,and forced expression of miR-126 could largely rescue YTHDF2/Ythdf2 depletion-mediated suppression on AmL cell growth/proliferation and leukemogenesis,indi-cating that miR-126 is a functionally important target of YTHDF2 in ***,our studies not only reveal a previously unappreciated YTHDF2/miR-126 axis in AmL and highlight the ther-apeutic potential of targeting this axis for AmL treatment,but also suggest that m^(6)A plays a role in pre-miRNA processing that contributes to tumorigenesis.

关键词： AmL miR-126 N^(6)-methyladenosine Pre-miRNA maturation YTHDF2

Gut microbiota,fatty liver disease,and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Liver Research 2018年第1期2卷 43-51页

作者： Huikuan Chu brandon williams Bernd Schnabl Division of Gastroenterology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of medicine VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA

Intestinal bacteria contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Recently developed microbial profiling techniques are beginning to shed light on the nature of the changes in the gut microbiota that accompany NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).In this review,we summarize the role of gut microbiota in the development of NAFLD,NASH,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We highlight the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to NAFLD/NASH,including through alterations in gut epithelial permeability,choline metabolism,endogenous alcohol production,release of inflammatory cytokines,regulation of hepatic Toll-like receptor(TLR),and bile acid *** addition,we analyze possible mechanisms for enhanced hepatic carcinogenesis,including alterations in bile acid metabolism,release of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of ***,we describe therapeutic approaches for NAFLD/NASH and preventive strategies for HCC involving modulation of the intestinal microbiota or affected host *** recent studies have provided useful information,large-scale prospective studies are required to better characterize the intestinal microbiota and metabolome,in order to demonstrate a causative role for changes in the gut microbiota in the etiology of NAFLD/NASH,to identify new therapeutic strategies for NAFLD/NASH,and to develop more effective methods of preventing HCC.

关键词： Gut microbiota Intestinal microbiome metabolome metagenome Fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)

Foreign market Choices and Variables:a Conceptualized model

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Foreign Market Choices and Variables:a Conceptualized Model

作者： brandon John williams 中国科学技术大学

学位级别：硕士

Firms encounter a wide variety of factors when choosing to enter into a foreign market. This paper conducts a thorough literature review and consolidates past findings into a more cohesive and comprehensive model. Using interviews and surveys from a Chinese multinational company to expand and corroborate previous literature, a more complete conceptual model is created that includes variables and decisions that affect a firm's success in the foreign market, such as entry mode, past experience, trust, cultural distance, and social, political and economic dynamics. These variables interact with each other in direct and mediating ways, either enhancing or mitigating their respective effects. The outcome of these factors—that is, success or failure within the market—create a feedback loop that affects many of the aforementioned variables in later stages. As success is generated, detrimental effects are lessened and positive effects are increased, causing even greater success as time moves forward. This paper contributes to this field by creating a more cohesive conceptual construct of these factors and outcomes and by validating their merit through the investigation of a Chinese multinational. This model can be used to further academic study on this topic or as a practical roadmap for firms as they look to expand into the foreign market.

关键词： foreign market Chinese multinational conceptual model

Sounding Board. The illness as the focus of geriatric medicine

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第1期46卷 86-86页

作者： m E williams 不详

Understanding the difference between illness and disease is a prerequisite to the care of patients affected by incurable *** palliation in the absence of substantive information regarding this discrepancy is the art of *** elderly patients often present with several chronic diseases,many of which are irreversible,cure-oriented physicians caring for the elderly are especially vulnerable to frequent disappointments.

关键词： patients diseases irreversible