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Risk factors for low high-density lipoprotein among Asian Indians in the United States

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第6期8卷 297-303页

作者： brandon Lucke-Wold Ranjita Misra Thakor G Patel Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public HealthWest Virginia University Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences West Virginia University School of Public Health Uniformed University of Health Sciences

AIM To examine the differences in metabolic risk factors(RFs) by gender in the Asian Indian(AI) population in the United States. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from 1038 randomly selected Asian Indians, we investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome(Met S) RFs, cardiovascular disease,and diabetes. RESULTS A greater percent of women in this group had increased waist circumference and low high density lipoprotein(HDL) levels than men, but AI males had increased blood glucose, increased blood pressure, and increased triglycerides compared to females. Those individuals who met the Met S criteria had increased cardiovascular disease. One of the biggest single RFs for cardiovascular disease and diabetes reported in the literature for AIs is low HDL. CONCLUSION Our results show that lack of knowledge about diabetes, low physical activity, increased body mass index, and age were the factors most significantly correlated with low HDL in this population. Future studies and prospective trials are needed to further elucidate causes of the Met S and diabetes in AIs.

关键词： Asian Indians Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Metabolic syndrome Low high density lipoprotein

Fuel-ion diffusion in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第5期4卷 50-54页

作者： Hong Sio Chikang Li Cody E.Parker brandon Lahmann Ari le Stefano Atzeni Richard D.Petrasso Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Dipartimento SBAI Universita degli Studi di Roma“La Sapienza”Via Antonio Scarpa 1400161RomaItaly

The impact of fuel-ion diffusion in inertial confinement fusion implosions is assessed using nuclear reaction yield ratios and reaction *** T3He-gas-filled(with trace D)shock-driven implosions,the observed TT/T3He yield ratio is∼23lower than expected from temperature ***3He-gas-filled(with trace T)shock-driven implosions,the timing of theD3He reaction history is∼50 ps earlier than those of the DT reaction histories,and average-ion hydrodynamic simulations cannot reconcile this timing *** experimental observations are consistent with reduced T ions in the burn region as predicted by multi-ion diffusion theory and particle-in-cell simulations.

关键词： diffusion shock filled

Efficient Convex Optimization Approaches to Variational Image Fusion

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第2期7卷 234-250页

作者： Jing Yuan brandon Miles Greg Garvin Xue-Cheng Tai Aaron Fenster Medical Imaging Lab Robarts Research InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondon ONCanada N6A 5B7 Department of Medical Imaging St Jospeh’s HealthCareLondon ONCanada Department of Mathematics University of BergenBergenNorway

Image fusion is an imaging technique to visualize information from multiple imaging sources in one single image,which is widely used in remote sensing,medical imaging *** this work,we study two variational approaches to image fusion which are closely related to the standard TV-L_(2) and TV-L_(1) image approximation *** investigate their convex optimization formulations,under the perspective of primal and dual,and propose their associated new image decomposition *** addition,we consider the TV-L_(1) based image fusion approach and study the specified problem of fusing two discrete-constrained images f_(1)(x)∈L_(1) and f_(2)(x)∈L_(2),where L_(1) and L_(2) are the sets of linearly-ordered discrete *** prove that the TV-L_(1) based image fusion actually gives rise to the exact convex relaxation to the corresponding nonconvex image fusion constrained by the discretevalued set u(x)∈L_(1)∪L_(2).This extends the results for the global optimization of the discrete-constrained TV-L_(1) image approximation[8,36]to the case of image *** a big numerical advantage of the two proposed dual models,we show both of them directly lead to new fast and reliable algorithms,based on modern convex optimization *** with medical images,remote sensing images and multi-focus images visibly show the qualitative differences between the two studied variational models of image *** also apply the new variational approaches to fusing 3D medical images.

关键词： Convex optimization primal-dual programming combinatorial optimization totalvariation regularization image fusion

Pores for thought:generative adversarial networks for stochastic reconstruction of 3D multi-phase electrode microstructures with periodic boundaries

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 971-981页

作者： Andrea Gayon-Lombardo Lukas Mosser Nigel P.brandon Samuel J.Cooper Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUK Earth Science Analytics ASA Professor Olav Hanssens vei 7AStavanger 4021Norge Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72DBUK

The generation of multiphase porous electrode microstructures is a critical step in the optimisation of electrochemical energy storage *** work implements a deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DC-GAN)for generating realistic nphase microstructural *** same network architecture is successfully applied to two very different three-phase microstructures:A lithium-ion battery cathode and a solid oxide fuel cell anode.A comparison between the real and synthetic data is performed in terms of the morphological properties(volume fraction,specific surface area,triple-phase boundary)and transport properties(relative diffusivity),as well as the two-point correlation *** results show excellent agreement between datasets and they are also visually *** modifying the input to the generator,we show that it is possible to generate microstructure with periodic boundaries in all three *** has the potential to significantly reduce the simulated volume required to be considered“representative”and therefore massively reduce the computational cost of the electrochemical simulations necessary to predict the performance of a particular microstructure during optimisation.

关键词： microstructure electrode phase

Gene capture by transposable elements leads to epigenetic conflict in maize

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Molecular Plant 2021年第2期14卷 237-252页

作者： Aline Muyle Danelle Seymour Nikos Darzentas Elias Primetis brandon S.Gaut Alexandros Bousios Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology UC IrvineIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences UC RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic School of Life Sciences University of SussexBrightonUK

Transposable elements(TEs)regularly capture fragments of *** the host silences these TEs,siRNAs homologous to the captured regions may also target the *** epigenetic crosstalk establishes an intragenomic conflict:silencing the TEs has the cost of silencing the *** genes are important,however,natural selection may maintain function by moderating the silencing response,which may also advantage the *** this study,we examined this model by focusing on Helitrons,Pack-MUles,and Sirevirus LTR retrotransposons in the maize *** documented 1263 TEs containing exon fragments from 1629 donor *** with epigenetic conflict,donor genes mapped more siRNAs and were more methylated than genes with no evidence of ***,these patterns differed between syntelog versus translocated donor *** appeared to maintain function,as measured by gene expression,consistent with moderation of silencing for functionally important *** marks did not spread beyond their captured regions and 24nt crosstalk siRNAs were linked with CHH *** genes,in contrast,bore the signature of *** were highly methylated and less expressed,but also overrepresented among donor genes and located away from chromosomal arms,which suggests a link between capture and gene *** genes into potential functional categories based on evolutionary constraint supported the synteny-based *** families captured genes in different ways,but the evidence for their advantage was generally less obvious;nevertheless,TEs with captured fragments were older,mapped fewer siRNAs,and were slightly less methylated than TEs without captured ***,our results argue that TE capture triggers an intragenomic conflict that may not affect the function of important genes but may lead to the pseudogenization of less-constrained genes.

关键词： transposable elements intragenomic conflict gene capture epigenetic silencing methylation synteny

Should perioperative immunonutrition for elective surgery be the current standard of care?

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 87-95,I0001页

作者： Shishira Bharadwaj brandon Trivax Parul Tandon Bilal Alkam Ibrahim Hanouneh Ezra Steiger Center for Human Nutrition the Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA College of Osteopathic Medicine Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

Postoperative infectious complications are independently associated with increased hospital length of stay(LOS)and cost and contribute to significant inpatient *** strategies such as avoidance of long periods of preoperative fasting,re-establishment of oral feeding as early as possible after surgery,metabolic control and early mobilization have been used to either prevent or reduce the incidence of postoperative *** these efforts,it remains a big challenge to our current healthcare system to mitigate the cost of postoperative ***,preoperative nutritional status has also been implicated as an independent risk factor for postoperative *** nutritional support using enteral and parenteral routes has been shown to decrease postoperative morbidity,especially in high-risk ***,the role of immunonutrition(IMN)in postoperative infectious complications has been studied *** substrates have been found to positively modulate postsurgical immunosuppression and inflammatory *** have also been shown to be cost-effective by decreasing both tpostoperative infectious complications and hospital *** this review,we discuss the postoperative positive outcomes associated with the use of perioperative IMN,their cost-effectiveness,current guidelines and future clinical implications.

关键词： immunonutrition infections postoperative complications cost-effectiveness guidelines

US-China Relations:Nationalism,the Trade War,and COVID-19

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第1期14卷 23-40页

作者： brandon M.Boylan Jerry McBeath Bo Wang University of Alaska Fairbanks(UAF) 603 C/D Gruening Building1747 South Chandalar DriveFairbanksAK 99775USA Emeritus of Political Science University of Alaska Fairbanks(UAF)1777 Red Fox DriveFairbanksAK 99709USA School of International Relations China University of International Business and Economics(UIBE)Mail Box 100No.10 Huixin East StreetChangyang DistrictBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

The trade war between the USA and China has shocked many across the world.A disruption to the interdependence of the two largest economies seemed ***,in an effort to thwart China’s economic practices and boost the US economy,President Trump’s administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office,moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism,practiced for decades,to *** has retaliated,and the trade war continues *** conceptual insights from the nationalism literature,we explore the nationalist roots of the trade war from both the US and Chinese *** the USA,the Trump administration’s plan to achieve energy autonomy,decrease reliance on foreign resources,and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies,the othering of China,and hence the trade *** reluctant to enter the conflict,China has rebuffed the USA,resisting and counterattacking US actions,owing to a long-felt sense of persecution in the global space and an eagerness to participate fully,and lead in some issue areas,in international *** conflict continues into the COVID-19 era,marked by US scapegoating of China and hits to economic *** both sides are convinced they have achieved their goals,or the USA undergoes an administration change,the conflict will likely continue.

关键词： US-China relations Nationalism International trade Natural resources Energy Political economy COVID-19

Aerosol printing and photonic sintering of bioresorbable zinc nanoparticle ink for transient electronics manufacturing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第6期61卷 40-49页

作者： Bikram Kishore MAHAJAN brandon LUDWIG Wan SHOU Xiaowei YU Emmanuel FREGENE Hang XU Heng PAN Xian HUANG Department of Mechanical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Biomedical Engineering Tianjin University

Bioresorbable electronics technology can potentially lead to revolutionary applications in healthcare, consumer electronics, and data security. This technology has been demonstrated by various functional devices. However, majority of these devices are realized by CMOS fabrication approaches involving complex and time-consuming processes that are high in cost and low in yield. Printing electronics technology represents a series of printing and post processing techniques that hold promise to make high performance bioresorbable electronics devices. But investigation of printing approaches for bioresorbable electronics is very limited. Here we demonstrate fabrication of conductive bioresorbable patterns using aerosol printing and photonic sintering approaches. Experimental results and simulation reveals that ink compositions, photonic energy, film thickness, and ventilation conditions may influence the effect of photonic sintering. A maximum conductivity of 22321.3 S/m can be achieved using 1 flash with energy of 25.88 J/cm~2 with duration of 2 ms. By combining two cascaded sintering procedures using flash light and laser further improve the conductivity to 34722.2 S/m. The results indicate that aerosol printing and photonic sintering can potentially yield mass fabrication of bioresorbable electronics, leading to prevalence of printable bioresorbable technology in consumer electronics and biomedical devices.

关键词： bioresorbable electronics photonic sintering aerosol printing transient electronics printed electronics zinc nanoparticles

Hydrolysis and acidification of activated sludge from a petroleum refinery

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Petroleum Science 2019年第2期16卷 428-438页

作者： Jiahao Liang Chunmao Chen brandon A.Yoza Ying Liang Jin Li Ming Ke Qinghong Wang State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control China University of PetroleumBeijing Hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa

The cost-effective treatment of activated sludge that is generated by refining petroleum is a challenging industrial *** this study, semi-continuous stirred tank reactors(CSTRs) containing petroleum refinery excess activated sludge(PREAS)were used to comparatively investigate hydrolysis and acidification rates, after the addition of heneicosane(C_(21)H_(44))(R1)and 1-phenylnaphthalene(C16 H12)(R2) to different and individual reactors. Operation of the reactors using a sludge retention time(SRT) of 6 days and a pH of 5.0, resulted in the maintenance of stable biological activity as determined by soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD), volatile fatty acids(VFAs) production and oil removal efficiency. The optimum conditions for hydrogen production include a SRT of 8 days, at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, hydrogen production rates in the control containing only PREAS were 1567 mL/L(R0), compared with 1365 mL/L in Rl and 1454 mL/L-PREAS in ***, Fervidobacterium, Caldisericum and Tepidiphilus were the dominant bacterial genera that have the potential to degrade petroleum compounds and generate VFAs. This study has shown that high concentrations of heneicosane and 1-phenylnaphthalene did not inhibit the hydrolytic acidification of PREAS.

关键词： Hydrolysis acidification Petroleum refinery excess activated sludge (PREAS) VFA production Hydrogen production Microbial community