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Evolutionary Lineages and Functional Diversification of Plant Hexokinases

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 334-346页

作者： Rucha Karve Michael Lauria Annie Virnig Xiaoxia Xia Bradley L. Rauh brandon d. Moore Department of Genetics and Biochemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase （HXK） family contains 5-11 genes. Functionally, a given family can include metabolic catalysts, glucose signaling proteins, and non-catalytic, apparent regulatory enzyme homologs. This study has two goals. The first aim is to develop a predictive method to determine which HXK proteins within a species have which type of function. The second aim is to determine whether HXK-dependent glucose signaling proteins occur among more primitive plants, as well as among angiosperms. Using a molecular phylogeny ap- proach, combined with selective experimental testing, we found that non-catalytic HXK homologs might occur in all plants, including the relatively primitive Selaginella moellendorffi. We also found that different lineages of angiosperm HXKs have apparent conserved features for catalytic activity and for sub-cellular targeting. Most higher-plant HXKs are expressed predominantly at mitochondria, with HXKs of one lineage occurring in the plastid, and HXKs of one monocot lineage occurring in the cytosol. Using protoplast transient expression assays, we found that HXK glucose signaling pro- teins occur likely in all higher plants and in S. moellendorffi as well. Thus, the use of glucose by plant HXK isoforms in metabolism and/or as a regulatory metabolite occurs as widespread, conserved processes.

关键词： Hexokinase molecular phylogeny moonlighting proteins plant glucose signaling Selaginella.

CNN-BiLSTM-Attention Model in Forecasting Wave Height over South-East China Seas

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 2151-2168页

作者： Lina Wang Xilin Deng Peng Ge Changming Dong brandon J.Bethel Leqing Yang Jinyue Xia School of Artificial Intelligence(School of Future Technology) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519080China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China International Business Machines Corporation(IBM) New York10504USA

Though numerical wave models have been applied widely to significant wave height prediction,they consume massive computing memory and their accuracy needs to be further *** this paper,a two-dimensional(2D)significant wave height(SWH)prediction model is established for the South and East China *** proposed model is trained by Wave Watch III(WW3)reanalysis data based on a convolutional neural network,the bidirectional long short-term memory and the attention mechanism(CNNBiLSTM-Attention).It adopts the convolutional neural network to extract spatial features of original wave height to reduce the redundant information input into the BiLSTM ***,the BiLSTM model is applied to fully extract the features of the associated information of time series ***,the attention mechanism is used to assign probability weight to the output information of the BiLSTM layer units,and finally,a training model is *** to 24-h prediction experiments are conducted under normal and extreme conditions,*** the normal wave condition,for 3-,6-,12-and 24-h forecasting,the mean values of the correlation coefficients on the test set are 0.996,0.991,0.980,and 0.945,*** corresponding mean values of the root mean square errors are measured at 0.063 m,0.105 m,0.172 m,and 0.281 m,*** the typhoon-forced extreme condition,the model based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention is trained by typhooninduced SWH extracted from the WW3 reanalysis *** 3-,6-,12-and 24-h forecasting,the mean values of correlation coefficients on the test set are respectively 0.993,0.983,0.958,and 0.921,and the averaged root mean square errors are 0.159 m,0.257 m,0.437 m,and 0.555 m,*** model performs better than that trained by all the WW3 reanalysis *** result suggests that the proposed algorithm can be applied to the 2D wave forecast with higher accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Conv2D CNN-BiLSTM-Attention wave forecasting significant wave height typhoon

Immunity Genes and Susceptibility to Otitis Media:A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第11期41卷 567-581页

作者： Rahul Mittal Giannina Robalino Robert Gerring brandon Chan Denise Yan M'hamed Grati Xue-Zhong Liu Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Otitis media （OM） is a middle ear infection associated with inflammation and pain. This disease frequently afflicts humans and is the major cause of hearing loss worldwide. OM continues to be one of the most challenging diseases in the medical field due to its diverse host targets and wide range of clinical manifestations. Substantial morbidity associated with OM is further exacerbated by high frequency of recurrent infections leading to chronic suppurative otitis media （CSOM）. Children have greater susceptibility to, and thus, suffer most frequently from OM, which can cause significant deterioration in quality of life. Genetic factors have been demonstrated, in large part by twin and family studies, to be key determinants of OM susceptibility. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on immunity genes and selected variants that have been associated with predisposition to OM. In particular, polymorphisms in innate immunity and cytokine genes have been strongly linked with the risk of developing OM. Future studies employing state-of-the-art technologies, including next-generation sequencing （NGS）, will aid in the identification of novel genes associated with susceptibility to OM. This, in turn, will open up avenues for identifying high-risk individuals and designing novel therapeutic strategies based on precise targeting of these genes.

关键词： Otitis media Genetics Innate immunity Cytokines

Multifunctional to multistage delivery systems: The evolution of nanoparticles for biomedical applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第31期57卷 3961-3971页

作者： MARTINEZ Jonathan O BROWN brandon S QUATTROCCHI Nicoletta EVANGELOPOULOS Michael FERRARI Mauro TASCIOTTI Ennio Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas at Houston

Nanomaterials are advancing in several directions with significant progress being achieved with respect to their synthesis, functionalization and biomedical application. In this review, we will describe several classes of prototypical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, silicon particles, and gold nanoshells, in terms of their individual function as well as their synergistic use. Active and passive targeting, photothermal ablation, and drug controlled release constitute some of the crucial functions identified to achieve a medical purpose. Current limitations in targeting, slow clearance, and systemic as well as local toxicity are addressed in reference to the recent studies that attempted to comprehend and solve these issues. The demand for a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on the body and of their potential immune response underlies this discussion. Combined components are then discussed in the setting of multifunctional nanocarriers, a class of drug delivery systems we envisioned, proposed, and evolved in the last 5 years. In particular, our third generation of nanocarriers, the multistage vectors, usher in the new field of nanomedicine by combining several components onto multifunctional nanocarriers characterized by emerging properties and able to achieve synergistic effects.

关键词：生物医学应用纳米粒子多功能传递系统演变多级药物控制释放纳米载体

Possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic nanoparticle use in the control of infectious biofilms

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第10期69卷 69-78页

作者： Kecheng Quan Zexin Zhang Yijin Ren Henk J.Busscher Henny C.van der Mei brandon W.Peterson College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen Department of Biomedical Engineering9713 AVGroningenthe Netherlands University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen Department of OrthodonticsHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenthe Netherlands

Targeting of chemotherapeutics towards a tumor site by magnetic nanocarriers is considered promising in *** nanoparticles are also considered for use in infection-control as a new means to prevent antimicrobial resistance from becoming the number one cause of death by the year *** this end,magnetic nanoparticles can either be loaded with an antimicrobial for use as a delivery vehicle or modified to acquire intrinsic antimicrobial *** nanoparticles can also be used for the local generation of heat to kill infectious *** appealing for tumor-and infectioncontrol,injection in the blood circulation may yield reticuloendothelial uptake and physical obstruction in organs that yield reduced targeting *** can be prevented with suitable surface ***,precise techniques to direct magnetic nanoparticles towards a target site are *** problem of precise targeting is aggravated in infection-control due to the micrometer-size of infectious biofilms,as opposed to targeting of nanoparticles towards centimeter-sized *** review aims to identify possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for *** first review targeting techniques and the spatial resolution they can achieve as well as surface-chemical modifications of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance their targeting efficiency and antimicrobial *** is concluded that targeting problems encountered in tumor-control using magnetic nanoparticles,are neglected in most studies on their potential application in *** biofilm targeting by smart,self-adaptive and pH-responsive,antimicrobial nanocarriers for instance,seems easier to achieve than magnetic *** leads to the conclusion that magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for the control of micrometer-sized infectious biofilms may be less promising than initially ***,using propulsion rather than pr

关键词： Magnetic nanoparticles Magnetic targeting Biofilm Infection Antimicrobials

Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8263-8276页

作者： brandon J Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan Eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed Department of Medicine College of MedicineDrexel University Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Health Science CenterUniversity of Tennessee Department of Medicine Santa Clara Valley Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Prevalence Incidence Fibrosis Risk factor Epidemiology Outcomes Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Neurologic orphan diseases:Emerging innovations and role for genetic treatments

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 59-74页

作者： Ivelina P Kioutchoukova Devon T Foster Rajvi N Thakkar Marco A Foreman brandon J Burgess Rebecca M Toms Eduardo E Molina Valero brandon Lucke-Wold College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of MedicineMiamiFL 33199United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Orphan diseases are rare diseases that affect less than 200000 individuals within the United *** orphan diseases are of neurologic and genetic *** the current advances in technology,more funding has been devoted to developing therapeutic agents for patients with these *** our review,we highlight emerging options for patients with neurologic orphan diseases,specifically including diseases resulting in muscular deterioration,epilepsy,seizures,neurodegenerative movement disorders,inhibited cognitive development,neuron deterioration,and *** extensive literature review,gene therapy offers a promising route for the treatment of neurologic orphan *** use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 has demonstrated positive results in experiments investigating its role in several ***,the use of adeno-associated viral vectors has shown improvement in survival,motor function,and developmental milestones,while also demonstrating reversal of sensory ataxia and cardiomyopathy in Friedreich ataxia *** oligonucleotides have also been used in some neurologic orphan diseases with positive *** target of rapamycin inhibitors are currently being investigated and have reduced abnormal cell growth,proliferation,and *** innovations and the role of genetic treatments open a new window of opportunity for the treatment of neurologic orphan diseases.

关键词： Neurologic orphan diseases Gene therapy Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/Cas9 Antisense oligonucleotides Adeno-associated virus mTOR inhibitors

Redefining Human Vitamin D Sufficiency:Back to the Basics

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 2-10页

作者： John S.Adams Jonathan Ramin brandon Rafison Charles Windon Annika Windon Philip T.Liu Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center UCLA-Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLA Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental BiologyDivision of Life SciencesCollege of Letters and ScienceUCLA

The role of the endocrine vitamin D pathway in regulating the serum calcium concentration in man is well described. In the presence of a low serum calcium level, the vitamin D metabolic pathway is called upon to produce more of the active vitamin D hormone, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D （1, 25D）, via up-regulation of the CYP27b1-hydroxylase activity in the kidney. The consequence is mobilization of skeletal calcium stores to return the circulating calcium level back to the normal range. On the other hand, when the serum calcium level increases, endocrine forces move to suppress renal 1, 25D production and squelch bone resorption. It is now known that vitamin D metabolites also operate in an autocrine, paracrine and intracrine mode to control vitamin D receptor-directed biological responses at the tissue level. Because the metabolism and action of vitamin D occurs at the tissue level in this situation, use of circulating vitamin D metabolites and biomarkers to ascertain the local action of the vitamin D pathway is often misleading. This mini-review seeks to compare and contrast the operation of the vitamin D pathway at the endocrine and tissue level.

关键词： metabolism endocrine autocrine hormone biomarkers

Traffic Dataset and Dynamic Routing Algorithm in Traffic Simulation

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2022年第3期2卷 111-122页

作者： Zhemin Zhang Gennaro De Luca Brian Archambault Juan MChavez and brandon Rice School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State UniversityTempeUSA Polytechnic School Arizona State UniversityMesaUSA Andersen Corporation ArizonaUSA Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson UniversitySouth CarolinaUSA

The purpose of this research is to create a simulated environment for teaching algorithms,big data processing,and machine *** environment is similar to Google Maps,with the capacity of finding the fastest path between two points in dynamic traffic ***,the system is significantly simplified for educational *** can choose different traffic patterns and program a car to navigate through the traffic dynamically based on the changing *** environments used in the project are Visual IoT/Robotics Programming Language Environment(VIPLE)and a traffic simulator developed in the Unity game *** paper focuses on creating realistic traffic data for the traffic simulator and implementing dynamic routing algorithms in *** traffic data are generated from the recorded real traffic data published on the Arizona Maricopa County *** on the generated traffic data,VIPLE programs are developed to implement the traffic simulation with support for dynamic changing data.

关键词： computer science education dynamic routing traffic dataset path planning traffic simulation