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Towards Quantitative Characterisation of the Small Force Transducer Used in Nanoindentation Instruments

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Modern Instrumentation 2013年第4期2卷 61-67页

作者： Zhi Li uwe brand Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig Germany

Quantitative characterization of the mechanical properties of materials in micro-/nano-scale using depth-sensing indentation technique demands high performance of nanoindentation instruments in use. In this paper, the efforts to calibrate the capacitive force transducer of a commercial nanoindentation instrument are presented, where the quasi-static characteristic of the force transducer has been calibrated by a precise compensation balance with a resolution of ~1 nN. To investigate the dynamic response of the transducer, an electrostatic MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) based on nano-force transfer standard with nano-Newton (10-9 Newton) resolution and a bandwidth up to 6 kHz have been employed. Preliminary experimental results indicate that 1) the force transducer under calibration has a probing force uncertainty less than 300 nN (1σ) in the calibration range of 1 mN;2) the transient duration at contact points amounts to 10 seconds;3) the overshoot of engagement is pre-load dependent.

关键词： Nanometrology Nanoindentation Instrument Nano-Force Transducer Microelectromechanical Systems Nano-Force Calibration

应用纳米压痕法测定柱状纳米材料的力学特性（英文）

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纳米技术与精密工程 2014年第3期12卷 182-188页

作者：李直高赛 Pohlenz Frank brand uwe Koenders Ludger Peiner Erwin 德国计量科学研究院布伦瑞克38116 德国布伦瑞克技术大学半导体技术研究所布伦瑞克38106

纳米压痕法在确定纳米结构材料,特别是具有较大高宽比的一维纳米结构/对象的力学特性时,若纳米结构沿压入方向的等效刚度远小于针尖-样品的接触刚度,应用常规数据分析(Oliver-Pharr)模型会导致较大的测量偏差.对常规Oliver-Pharr解析模... 详细信息

纳米压痕法在确定纳米结构材料,特别是具有较大高宽比的一维纳米结构/对象的力学特性时,若纳米结构沿压入方向的等效刚度远小于针尖-样品的接触刚度,应用常规数据分析(Oliver-Pharr)模型会导致较大的测量偏差.对常规Oliver-Pharr解析模型进行了推广,以补偿一维纳米材料等效刚度对测量结果的影响,进而提出了适用于此类测量对象的通用纳米压痕分析模型,并应用于分析柱状微纳米结构的准静态压痕测量数据.实验中应用原子力显微镜(AFM)定量测量了湿法刻蚀获得的一维单晶硅柱状结构的几何参数(包括硅纳米柱的直径和长度).实验结果表明,应用常规模型分析对较大高宽比的硅纳米柱(直径386 nm,长500 nm)的压痕数据会导致大于50%的偏差.应用修正模型分析实验数据时,测量结果不受被测对象几何参数的影响,因而可以有效提高应用纳米压痕法对微纳米结构材料,特别是一维材料的测量精度.

关键词：纳米对象纳米柱纳米材料测试纳米压痕法尺寸效应

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电子式互感器在数字化变电站中的应用

电气时代 2007年第8期 60-63页

作者： Dr.uwe brand Schniewindt GmbH&Co KG Neuenrade Germany

德国拟建的第一座"智能化变电站"是根据IEC61850标准在现有的380/110kV变电站的基础上建造的一座拥有全数字的自动化变电站的样板工程。同时,在变电站上用的非传统互感器、数控能源开关、变压器及栓塞监督控制器等设备也被通过IEC61850... 详细信息

德国拟建的第一座"智能化变电站"是根据IEC61850标准在现有的380/110kV变电站的基础上建造的一座拥有全数字的自动化变电站的样板工程。同时,在变电站上用的非传统互感器、数控能源开关、变压器及栓塞监督控制器等设备也被通过IEC61850通信规约标准得以检试。

关键词：数字化变电站电子式互感器 IEC61850标准 110kV变电站应用自动化变电站样板工程通信规约

Adolescents' personal beliefs about sufficient physical activity are more closely related to sleep and psychological functioning than self-reported physical activity: A prospective study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 280-288页

作者： Christin Lang Serge brand Flora Colledge Sebastian Ludyga uwe Pühse Markus Gerber School of Psychology Flinders University Department of Sport Exercise and Health University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Center for Affective Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS) University of Basel

Background: Preliminary evidence among adults suggests that the ways in which individuals think about their physical activity(PA) behavior is more closely associated with their well-being than self-reported PA. This study therefore aimed to examine whether and how self-reported PA and personal beliefs about suffbcient PA are associated with sleep and psychological functioning in a sample of Swiss adolescents, using both cross-sectional and prospective ***: An overall sample of 864 vocational students(368 girls, 17.98± 1.36 years, mean ± SD) was followed prospectively over a 10-month period. At each measurement occasion, participants filled in a series of self-report questiocnaires to assess their PA levels, their personal beliefs about whether or not they engage in sufficient PA, sleep(insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, sleep-onset latency, and number of awakenings),and psychological functioning(depressive symptoms, quality of life, perceived stress, and mental toughness).Results: Adolescents who believe that they are sufficiently physically active to maintain good health reported more restoring sleep. No differen?ces in sleep were found between adolescents who meet PA recommendationsvs. those who do not. Additionally, adolescents who believe that they were sufficiently physically active also reported better psychological functioning. This close relationship between adolescents5 beliefs about their PA involvement and their sleep and psychological functioning was corroborated in the prospective ***: Cognitive factors should be studied more intensively when elucidating the relationship among PA, sleep, and psychological functioning in young people, particularly when aiming to develop new exercise interventions targeting psychological outcomes.

关键词： Adolescents Beliefs Mental health Physical activity Psychological well-being Public health recommendations Sleep

Evolutionary ecology of chemosensation and its role in sensory drive

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 525-533页

作者： Laurel R. YOHE Philipp brand Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11790 USA Department of Geology & Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA Department of Evolution and Ecology Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

All behaviors of an organism are rooted in sensory processing of signals from its environment, and nat ural selection shapes sensory adaptations to ensure successful detection of cues that maximize fitness. Sensory drive, or divergent selection for efficient signal transmission among heterogeneous environ ments, has been a useful hypothesis for describing sensory adaptations, but its current scope has pri marily focused on visual and acoustic sensory modalities. Chemosensation, the most widespread sensory modality in animals that includes the senses of smell and taste, is characterized by rapid evolu tion and has been linked to sensory adaptations to new environments in numerous lineages. Yet, olfac tion and gustation have been largely underappreciated in light of the sensory drive hypothesis. Here, we examine why chemosensory systems have been overlooked and discuss the potential of chemo sensation to shed new insight on the sensory drive hypothesis and vice versa. We provide suggestions for developing a framework to better incorporate studies of chemosensory adaptation that have the po tential to shape a more complete, coherent, and holistic interpretation of the sensory drive.

关键词： chemical signaling chemoreceptor chemosensation sensory drive olfaction

IEC 61850 as Backbone for Smart PAC Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第4期2卷 15-22页

作者： Klaus-Peter brand ABB Switzerland PGGA-AUABaden 5400Switzerland

This paper discusses a working definition of smartness in protection,automation and control systems(PACS)in substations.A summary is given about the standard IEC 61850 features that support smartness,i.e.,the data model,the multiple communication services,and the system configuration description language(SCL).With help of known examples of application functions for control,supervision,and protection,the building of smart systems out of the modules of IEC 61850 is *** the possible architectures,the standardized redundancy is *** process bus is exploited in detail since it is seen by users as the core of a smart *** this context,attention is given also to the time synchronization in theµs range over the communication network,a rather new part of the *** the last part,all features are summarized and it is concluded that IEC 61850 may really be named the backbone for smart PAC systems.

关键词： Automation communication control IEC 61850 process bus protection smart systems substations

Beyond Green Capitalism： Social-Ecological Transformation and Perspectives of a Global Green-Left

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2016年第1期9卷 91-105页

作者： Ulrich brand Department of Political Science University of Vienna Universitatsstralβe 7/2 1010 ViennaAustria

Given certain reactions to the ecological crisis as part of the multiple crisis of capitalism （like the so-called energy transition in Germany）, a new mode of development might emerge which can be called green capitalism. This would shift the terrain of social critique and emancipatory social struggles. The paper introduces the debate on ＂social-ecological transformation＂ which emerged as a radical part of a more comprehensive debate on ＂great＂ or ＂societal transformation＂ and high- lights its core issues： the issue of a necessary attractive mode of production and living for all, the role of pioneers of change and changing political and economic institutions, the acknowledgment of shifting social practices, the requirement for alternative imaginaries or ＂stories＂ of a good life as part of a contested process which is called ＂futuring.＂ As an example for alternative imaginaries, the current debate on ＂degrowth＂ is outlined and evaluated. The second part of the paper focuses more concretely on issues around the formation and existence of a global green-left. After mentioning a crucial problem for any global alternative--i.e., the structural feature of economic and geopolitical competition which historically divided the global Left and pulled it into compromises at national or regional scales--four requirements or characteristics of a global green-left are highlighted： to weaken and change capitalistically driven competition and competitiveness, to push a social-ecological transformation in democratic ways and not at the back ofordinary people （like conservative and liberal proposals for transformation tend to do）, to link more systematically green issues with labor issues and, finally, to transform the overall dispositive of political action from a ＂distributive＂ to a ＂transformative Left.＂ One dimension of such an enhancement, it is concluded, is a broader understanding of the ＂economy＂ itself by acknowledging the demands and achievements of a ＂care revolution＂ which

关键词： Green capitalism . Social-ecological transformation - Ecological civilization · Global Left - Futuring · Degrowth · Marxism

Green Economy, Green Capitalism and the Imperial Mode of Living： Limits to a Prominent Strategy, Contours of a Possible New Capitalist Formation

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2016年第1期9卷 107-121页

作者： Ulrich brand Department of Political Science University of Vienna Universitatsstraβe 7/2 1010 ViennaAustria

Since some years, the strategy of a Green Economy as a current form of ecological modernization was proposed. The paper highlights the core issues of the concept and its structural constraints. Several constraints of a far-reaching realization of a Green Economy are presented, and one constraint is highlighted, i.e., the imperial mode of （production and） living. The latter gives emphasis to the continuous and largely unquestioned access to products produced by cheap labor and under environmentally problematic conditions. This mode of living, the paper argues, is also attractive among the upper and middle classed in countries with emerging economies like China. Moreover, it compares it with the concept of sustainable development which emerged some 15 years ago. Like sustainable development, proposals for a Green Economy might become ＂a tranquilizing dis- positive＂ in order to silence doubt and criticisms. However, it is argued that, despite the improbability of realizing the ambitious objectives, the Green Economy strategy might contribute to further capitalist development. Environmental issues might be integrated into the mode of production and living. However, given capitalist and imperial structures and dynamics, this will occur in highly selective and partial ways. The author calls this emerging constellation and possible new mode of development in some countries or regions of the world Green Capitalism.

关键词： Green economy · Green capitalism · Imperial mode of living · Societal nature relations · Marxism

Effects of two types of exercise training on psychological well-being,sleep,quality of life and physical fitness in patients with high-grade glioma(WHO III and IV):study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 420-429页

作者： Dominik Cordier Markus Gerber Serge brand Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Basel4031 BaselSwit-zerland Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health Department of SportExercise and HealthUniversity of Basel4052 BaselSwitzerland Center for Affective Stress and Sleep Disorders(ZASS)Psychiatric Clinics(UPK)University Basel4002 BaselSwitzerland Department of Psychiatry Substance Abuse Prevention Research CenterHealth InstituteKermanshah University of Medical Sciences(KUMS)Kermanshah ***Iran Sleep Disorders Research Center Department of PsychiatryKermanshah University of Medical Sciences(KUMS)Kermanshah ***Iran

Background:There is existing evidence on whether and to what degree regular exercise training improves the quality of life(QoL)among cancer ***,in regards to patients with high-grade glioma(HGG;WHO grade III and IV),no conclusive study has been performed so *** present trial aims to fill this gap by examining whether psychological well-being,sleep,QoL and physical fitness might be improved with two different types of exercise,as compared to an active control *** control condition represent individuals participating at regular meetings to talk about their current life situation,though,the meetings were not intended as that of the psychotherapy *** meetings are of the same frequency,duration,and intensity as the exercise ***:A total of 45 patients with HGG after undergoing neurosurgery and adjuvant radiotherapy,chemotherapy,or chemoradiotherapy will be consecutively and randomly assigned to(a)an endurance training,(b)a resistance training or(c)to an active control *** intervention will last for 6 consecutive weeks,consisting of 2 weekly sessions(30-45 min per session).Measurements would take place at three time points,namely at the beginning of the study(baseline),3 weeks after the beginning of the study,and 6 weeks after the beginning of the *** last measurement also represents the end of the *** exercise performance will be assessed objectively with a 6-min walking test,and a handgrip test will be used to assess the upper body ***,participants will complete a battery of questionnaires covering sociodemographic information,QoL,sleep quality and sleep patterns,coping with stress,state-and trait-anxiety,depression,and *** parallel,experts will use the Hamilton Depres-sion Rating Scale to determine and rate participants’symptoms of ***:The present study will be the first to investigate and compare the impact of two different exercise modalities,na

关键词： Brain Tumor Glioma Exercise Training Sleep Control condition Quality of life Anxiety Perceived stress