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Influence of previous plane of nutrition on molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of urea and water metabolism related genes in the rumen and kidney of finishing crossbred Angus steers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 232-243页

作者： Aghata E.Moreira da silva Arturo Macias Franco bradley s.Ferguson Mozart A.Fonseca College of Agriculture Biotechnology&Natural Resources University of Nevada Department of Animal and Range sciences Clayton Livestock Research Center New Mexico State University

This study aimed to understand how molecular mechanisms controlling water and urea metabolism at the finishing phase can be affected by previous plane of nutrition of crossbred Angus beef steers. Twentyfour(n = 24) animals were randomly distributed into either a moderate(MP) or high plane of nutrition during the background phase for 85 d. Animals were then blocked by their previous plane and were moved onto a 105-d finishing phase in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The forage-finished group received only high-quality alfalfa hay, whereas the grain-fed group received a high grain diet(80% whole corn and20% alfalfa hay). By the end of the finishing phase, animals were harvested and tissue samples from the rumen and kidney were collected. Changes in gene expression of aquaporins(AQP)-2,-3,-4,-7, ATP1A1,ATP1B1, sGK1, CLIC1(kidney and rumen), UT-A1(kidney only) and UT-B(rumen only), were assayed via real-time q PCR; 18s r RNA was used as an endogenous control. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis was conducted. When animals were from MP, forage-finishing increased the relative abundance of AQP3(P ≤ 0.05), AQP7(P ≤ 0.05), ATP1B1(P ≤ 0.05), and sGK1(P ≤ 0.05) in the kidney when compared to grain-fed animals. In the rumen, for the MP group, AQP7 was differentially expressed in both treatments at the finishing phase(P ≤ 0.01), with forage-finished steers having the highest expression of AQP7. For the MP group, UT-B had a tendency of presenting a higher expression on grainfed animals(P = 0.075). Overall, these results suggest that previous plane can impact expression of genes associated with water and urea metabolism during the finishing phase, namely AQP3, AQP7, ATP1B1, and sGK1 in the kidney, and AQP7 and UT-B in the rumen. The greatest impact observed on gene expression changes of investigated genes at the finishing phase was reflective of animals backgrounded on the moderate previous plane.

关键词： Gene expression Aquaporin sodium channel Urea transporter

Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 1-35页

作者： sourav Dutta seungmin Noh Roger sanchis Gual Xiangzhong Chen salvador Pané bradley J.Nelson Hongsoo Choi Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea DGIsT‑ETH Microrobotics Research Center DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea Multi‑scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and TechnologyShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental ***-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocompatibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility.A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen *** novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery *** addition,understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and *** propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic *** we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable ***,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical ***,we discuss micromotors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental ***,we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.

关键词： Magnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable microrobot Biomedical Environmental

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Post-operative protein supplementation following orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review

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sports Medicine and Health science 2024年第1期6卷 16-24页

作者： Andrew George Brendan M.Holderread bradley s.Lambert Joshua D.Harris Patrick C.McCulloch Houston Methodist Orthopedics and sports Medicine 6445 Main Street Suite 2300HoustonTX77030USA Houston Methodist Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory 6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA

Decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle *** purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery.A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis(PRIsMA).PubMed(MEDLINE),Embase,scopus,and Web of science were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed protein or amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing orthopaedic *** investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean *** outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or *** studies including 611 patients(224 males,387 females)were *** studies evaluated protein supplementation after ACL reconstruction(ACLR),3 after total hip arthroplasty(THA),5 after total knee arthroplasty(TKA),and 3 after surgical treatment of hip *** supplementation showed beneficial effects across all types of *** primary benefit was a decrease in muscle atrophy compared to placebo as measured by muscle cross sectional *** authors also demonstrated improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation *** supplementation has beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR,THA,TKA,and surgical treatment of hip *** effects often correlate with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation *** research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of protein supplementation and to establish standardized population-specific regimens that maximize treatment efficacy in the postoperative period.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Protein supplementation systematic review Muscle atrophy

Integrated vision-based system for efficient,semi-automated control of a robotic manipulator

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2014年第3期7卷 253-266页

作者： Hairong Jiang Juan P.Wachs bradley s.Duerstock school of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Weldon school of Biomedical Engineering School of Industrial EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated,computer vision-based system to operate a commercial wheelchair-mounted robotic manipulator(WMRM).In addition,a gesture recognition interface system was developed specially for individuals with upper-level spinal cord injuries including object tracking and face recognition to function as an efficient,hands-free WMRM ***/methodology/approach–Two Kinects cameras were used synergistically to perform a variety of simple object retrieval *** camera was used to interpret the hand gestures and locate the operator’s face for object positioning,and then send those as commands to control the *** other sensor was used to automatically recognize different daily living objects selected by the *** object recognition module employing the speeded Up Robust Features algorithm was implemented and recognition results were sent as a commands for“coarse positioning”of the robotic arm near the selected *** face detection was provided as a shortcut enabling the positing of the objects close by the subject’s ***–The gesture recognition interface incorporated hand detection,tracking and recognition algorithms,and yielded a recognition accuracy of 97.5 percent for an eight-gesture ***’completion time were conducted to compare manual(gestures only)and semi-manual(gestures,automatic face detection,and object recognition)WMRM control *** use of automatic face and object detection significantly reduced the completion times for retrieving a variety of daily living ***/value–Integration of three computer vision modules were used to construct an effective and hand-free interface for individuals with upper-limb mobility impairments to control a WMRM.

关键词： Gesture recognition Object recognition spinal cord injuries Wheelchair-mounted robotic arm

An in situ monitoring campaign of a hard rock pillar at great depth within a Canadian mine

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 427-448页

作者： bradley Forbes Nicholas Vlachopoulos Mark s.Diederichs Andrew J.Hyett Allan Punkkinen Department of Geological sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada Department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of CanadaKingstonOntarioK7K 7B4Canada YieldPoint Inc. KingstonOntarioK7M 4W9Canada Normet Canada Ltd. LivelyOntarioP3Y 0B3Canada

A recent research campaign at a Canadian nickel-copper mine involved instrumenting a hard rock sill drift pillar with an array of multi-point rod extensometers,distributed optical fibre strain sensors,and borehole pressure cells(BHPCs).The instrumentation spanned across a 15.24 m lengthwise segment of the relatively massive granitic pillar situated at a depth of 2.44 km within the *** May 2016 and March 2017,the pillar’s displacement and pressure response were measured and correlated with mining activities on the same level as the pillar,including:(1)mine-by of the pillar,(2)footwall drift development,and(3)ore body stoping *** displacements of the pillar,the extensometers provided high temporal resolution(logged hourly)and the optical fibre strain sensors provide high spatial resolution(measured every 0.65 mm along the length of each sensor).The combination of sensing techniques allowed centimetre-scale rock mass bulking near the pillar sidewalls to be distinguished from microstrain-scale fracturing towards the core of the ***,the influence and extent of a mine-scale schistose shear zone transecting the pillar was *** converting measured rock mass displacement to velocity,a process was demonstrated which allowed mining activities inducing displacements to be categorised by time-duration and cumulative *** over half of the analysed mining activities,displacements were determined to prolong for over an hour,predominately resulting in submillimetre cumulative displacements,but in some cases multi-centimetre cumulative displacements were *** time-dependent behaviour was more pronounced within the vicinity of the plumb shear *** measurements were also used to assess selected support member load and elongation mobilisation per mining *** was found that a combined static load and elongation capacity of reinforcing members was essential to maintaining excavation stability,while

关键词： Hard rock pillar Rockburst Rock mass bulking Distributed optical fibre strain sensing Extensometer In situ monitoring High stress Dynamic support

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Refrigerated and frozen storage impact aronia berry quality

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Erica s.King Andrea Noll susan Glenn bradley W.Bolling Department of Food science University of Wisconsin-Madison1605 Linden Dr.MadisonWI53706USA Department of statistics Medical Sciences CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1300 University Ave Rm 1220MadisonWI53706USA

Postharvest storage of many freshly picked berries affects polyphenol and sugar content. However, little is known about the impact of refrigerated and frozen storage on aronia berry composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize how storage at 4 ± 2 °C and − 20 ± 2 °C, and temperature cycles affect aronia berry polyphenols, total solid content, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, sugar content, acid content, color, and cell structure. Refrigerated storage reduced proanthocyanidins (21%), anthocyanins (36%), and total phenols (21%) after 12 weeks. Frozen storage increased polyphenols in the first 6 mo. of frozen storage but then decreased polyphenols at mo. 8 to levels similar to initial values. Frozen temperature cycling reduced anthocyanins 18% but did not affect total phenols or proanthocyanidins. scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated temperature cycling induced cell damage, shrinking, and fusion. This disruption led to the release of anthocyanins inside the berry tissue. PPO activity did not significantly correlate with the decrease in polyphenol content during storage. °Brix did not significantly change during refrigeration and frozen storage but did during the 12th temperature cycle. Aronia berries’ pH and titratable acidity were affected more by refrigeration than frozen and temperature storage. The pH increased by 4% during refrigeration, and titratable acidity decreased by 17% at 12 weeks. In conclusion, refrigerated storage results in a modest reduction of aronia berry polyphenols, but absolute extractable polyphenols are stable for up to 8 months of frozen storage.

关键词： Aronia berry Polyphenols storage Refrigeration sugars Acids Frozen

Utilizing a novel fiber optic technology to capture the axial responses of fully grouted rock bolts

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第2期10卷 222-235页

作者： Nicholas Vlachopoulos Daniel Cruz bradley Forbes Department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of Canada Department of Geological sciences and Geological Engineering Queen's UniversityKingston

Rock bolts are one of the primary support systems utilized in underground excavations within the civil and mining engineering industries. Rock bolts support the weakened rock mass adjacent to the opening of an excavation by fastening to the more stable, undisturbed formations further from the excavation. The overall response of such a support element has been determined under varying loading conditions in the laboratory and in situ experiments in the past four decades; however, due to the limitations with conventional monitoring methods of capturing strain, there still exists a gap in knowledge associated with an understanding of the geomechanical responses of rock bolts at the microscale. In this paper, we try to address this current gap in scientific knowledge by utilizing a newly developed distributed optical strain sensing(DOs) technology that provides an exceptional spatial resolution of 0.65 mm to capture the strain along the rock bolt. This DOs technology utilizes Rayleigh optical frequency domain reflectometry(ROFDR) which provides unprecedented insight into various mechanisms associated with axially loaded rebar specimens of different embedment lengths, grouting materials, borehole annulus conditions, and borehole diameters. The embedment length of the specimens was found to be the factor that significantly affected the loading of the rebar. The critical embedment length for the fully grouted rock bolts(FGRBs) was systematically determined to be430 mm. The results herein highlight the effects of the variation of these individual parameters on the geomechanical responses FGRBs.

关键词： Fiber optic technology Fully grouted rock bolts Load transfer stress distribution

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Three-dimensional mapping and comparative analysis of the distal human corpus cavernosum and the inflatable penile prosthesis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 567-570,I0012页

作者： Tariq s Hakky Daniel Ferguson Philippe E spiess Paul bradley Tom FLue Rafael E Carrion Department of Urology University of South Florida Tampa General Circle Tampa FL 33602 USA 23D3solutions Burnaby BCV5J 5M8 Canada and Department of Urology University of Southern California San Francisco 400 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143 USA

The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts and compare them with 3D images of two prototypes of penile prosthesis. Two different models of the Titan Coloplast inflatable penile prosthesis were analyzed using a 3D scanner. The first was the standard model and the second was a newer model with a rounder silicone tip. Two cadaveric phalluses were harvested using smooth-Cast 300Q polyurethane molding. The molds were excised and scanned along side the penile prosthesis. 3D scans were completed and analyzed using Leios Mesh software, and GOM Inspect software. The 3D scans demonstrated the mean human corporal radii 2 mm from the distal tip to be 36.51 mm （36.01-37.0 mm）, which is an obtuse angle. The standard Titan penile prosthesis spherical radius at the same level was 202.52 mm, while the new silicone tip prosthesis had a radius of 139.33 mm. 3D mapping further demonstrated the trajectory of the cavernosa appeared curvilinear and the distal ends appeared blunt. The use of cadaveric cavernosal molds in combination with the 3D scanner allowed us to accurately image the corpus cavernosum for the first time. Our findings suggest that anatomically accurate corporal tips appear to be relatively blunt and that the new Titan silicone tip penile prosthesis more closely resembles the human corporal tip.

关键词： corpus cavernosum penile prosthesis three-dimensional analysis

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迎接新星的闪亮回归

中国国家天文 2024年第9期18卷 68-75页

作者：布拉德利·谢弗宋乔(译) 美国路易斯安那州立大学不详

再发新星北冕座T上一次爆发是在1946年,它将于今年再次闪耀。在未来几个月,你可能将会看到一生中最明亮的一次新星闪耀。这颗恒星就是北冕座T星(T Coronae Borealis,T CrB)。它最近一次爆发是在1946年,如果预测是对的,那么这颗所谓的“... 详细信息

再发新星北冕座T上一次爆发是在1946年,它将于今年再次闪耀。在未来几个月,你可能将会看到一生中最明亮的一次新星闪耀。这颗恒星就是北冕座T星(T Coronae Borealis,T CrB)。它最近一次爆发是在1946年,如果预测是对的,那么这颗所谓的“闪耀星”将很快会为北天的“皇冠”增加一颗壮观的临时“宝石”。

关键词：北冕座再发新星宝石恒星