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The Use of PCA3 Can Reduce the Num.er of Prostate Biopsies Perform.d in a Com.unity-Based Urologic Practice

Open Journal of Urology 2013年第5期3卷 200-205页

作者： bradley m. boelkins Christopher m. Whelan Richard J. Kahnoski Jonathan Todd Bolthouse Brian R. Lane m.chigan State University East Lansing USA

Purpose: It is now generally accepted that PSA screening identifies m.ny prostate cancers that are low-risk and m.y not need treatm.nt. PCA3 is a prostate cancer-specific m.rker with im.roved diagnostic accuracy when com.ared with PSA in research studies. It rem.ins unknown whether PCA3 testing can reduce the unnecessary diagnosis and treatm.nt of prostate cancer in routine practice. We evaluated whether the use of PCA3 in clinical practice decreases the num.er of biopsies being perform.d in response to PSA testing. m.thods: 64 consecutive patients undergoing PCA3 m.asurem.nt in a single com.unity-based urology practice were analyzed for rates of biopsy perform.nce and prostate cancer detection. Results: m.dian PSA was 5.0 (range: 0.4 - 38.6) and 50% had undergone prior biopsy without evidence of cancer. m.dian PCA3 score was 13.6 (range: 1.6 - 133.0) with 14 patients having an elevated PCA3 (>35). Prostate biopsy was avoided in 50 of 64 patients (78%). Of the 11 patients undergoing biopsy for abnorm.l PCA3, 7 had prostate cancer (64%). At >2-year m.dian follow-up, 39 of the rem.ining 50 patients (78%) avoided subsequent biopsy. Only 5 prostate cancers were diagnosed during follow-up. Conclusions: When used in routine clinical practice, PCA3 appears to reduce the num.er of biopsies being perform.d in response to elevated PSA. Given the increasing interest in strategies to reduce unnecessary prostate cancer diagnosis and treatm.nt, this FDA-approved and widely-available m.lecular test appears to achieve these goals. Further testing will clarify the role of PCA3 in initial and subsequent prostate cancer screening paradigm..

关键词： Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) Prostate Biopsy

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Surgeon preferences in the treatm.nt of thum. carpom.tacarpal osteoarthritis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 435-443页

作者： Edward J Wu bradley W Fossum.Wyatt Vander Voort Christopher O Bayne Robert m.Szabo Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery UC Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCA 95817United States

BACKGROUND Prim.ry thum. carpom.tacarpal(Cm.)osteoarthritis is one of the m.st com.on conditions encountered by hand *** the vast num.er of operations that have been proposed,none have dem.nstrated results significantly superior to trapeziectom. *** The purpose of our study was to determ.ne why surgeons opt for their technique in treating Cm. *** A cross-sectional survey of active m.m.ers of the Am.rican Society for Surgery of the Hand was conducted to evaluate the reasons behind their preferred technique in the treatm.nt of isolated thum. Cm. *** were contacted by em.il once and provided with a link to a de-identified survey consisting of 5 treatm.nt questions and 5 dem.graphic *** Of 950 responses were received.40.5%of surgeons preferred trapeziectom.+ligam.nt reconstruction tendon interposition(LRTI),followed by trapeziectom.+suspensionplasty(28.2%),suture button suspension(5.9%),trapeziectom. alone(4.6%),prosthetic arthroplasty(3.2%),arthrodesis(1.1%),and other(6.6%).Proponents of trapeziectom.+LRTI cited fam.liarity(73.2%),exposure during fellowship(48.8%)and less proxim.l m.gration(60%)to be the m.in reasons affecting their *** who preferred trapeziectom.+suspensionplasty m.st reported sim.licity(74.9%),fewer com.lications(45.3%),less proxim.l m.gration(43.8%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(42.7%).Advocates of suture button suspension cited avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(80.4%),shorter im.obilization(76.8%),and quicker recovery(73.2%)with their *** of trapeziectom. alone cited sim.licity(97.7%),fewer com.lications(86.4%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(59.1%).In their com.ents,45%of surgeons choosing trapeziectom. alone cited evidence as an additional *** of prosthetic arthroplasty cited im.roved pinch strength(83.3%)and im.roved range of m.tion(63.3%),while those preferring arthrodesis cited better pinch strength(90%)and freque

关键词： Thum. carpom.tacarpal Osteoarthritis Trapeziectom. Ligam.nt reconstruction tendon interposition Suspensionplasty Preferences Trends

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Recent Developm.nts in m.tallic Degradable m.crom.tors for Biom.dical and Environm.ntal Rem.diation Applications

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 1-35页

作者： Sourav Dutta Seungm.n Noh Roger Sanchis Gual Xiangzhong Chen Salvador Pané bradley J.Nelson Hongsoo Choi Departm.nt of Robotics and m.chatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea DGIST‑ETH m.crorobotics Research Center DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea m.lti‑Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and TechnologyShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Synthetic m.crom.tor has gained substantial attention in biom.dicine and environm.ntal ***-based degradable m.crom.tor com.osed of m.gnesium.m.),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have prom.se due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocom.atibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable m.tallic m.crom.tor have shown their fast m.vem.nt in com.lex biological m.dia,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocom.atibility.A noteworthy num.er of degradable m.tal-based m.crom.tors em.loy bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen *** novel feature has projected degradable m.tallic m.crom.tors for active in vivo drug delivery *** addition,understanding the degradation m.chanism.of these m.crom.tors is also a key param.ter for their design and *** propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall perform.nce of a degradable m.tallic *** we review the design and recent advancem.nts of m.tallic degradable ***,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable m.crom.tors with versatile biom.dical ***,we discuss m.crom.tors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environm.ntal ***,we address the lim.tations and future research directions of degradable m.tallic m.crom.tors.

关键词： m.gnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable m.crorobot Biom.dical Environm.ntal

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Cautionary Rem.rks When Testing Agreem.nt between Two Raters for Continuous Scale m.asurem.nts: A Tutorial in Clinical Epidem.ology with Im.lem.ntation Using R

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Open Journal of Epidem.ology 2024年第1期14卷 56-74页

作者： m.ham.d m. Shoukri Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada

Background: When continuous scale m.asurem.nts are available, agreem.nts between two m.asuring devices are assessed both graphically and analytically. In clinical investigations, Bland and Altm.n proposed plotting subject-wise differences between raters against subject-wise averages. In order to scientifically assess agreem.nt, Bartko recom.ended com.ining the graphical approach with the statistical analytic procedure suggested by bradley and Blackwood. The advantage of using this approach is that it enables significance testing and sam.le size estim.tion. We noted that the direct use of the results of the regression is m.sleading and we provide a correction in this regard. m.thods: Graphical and linear m.dels are used to assess agreem.nts for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. We dem.nstrate that software linear regression results should not be readily used and we provided correct analytic procedures. The degrees of freedom.of the F-statistics are incorrectly reported, and we propose m.thods to overcom. this problem.by introducing the correct analytic form.of the F statistic. m.thods for sam.le size estim.tion using R-functions are also given. Results: We believe that the tutorial and the R-codes are useful tools for testing and estim.ting agreem.nt between two rating protocols for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. The interested reader m.y use the codes and apply them.to their available data when the issue of agreem.nt between two raters is the subject of interest.

关键词： Lim.ts of Agreem.nt Pitm.n and m.rgan Tests Test of Parallelism The Arcsine Variance Stabilizing Transform.tion Sam.le Size Estim.tion

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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schm.tz Jonathan m. Glynn bradley J.S.C. Olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung Departm.nt of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and m.lecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Departm.nt of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: m.cobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct fam.lies of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to m.d-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful m.nipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null m.tant, and vice versa, and determ.ned whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approxim.ted total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirem.nt of each FtsZ fam.ly for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while m.intaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, dem.nstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for m.intenance of WT chloroplast num.ers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null m.tants and show that plants com.letely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presum.bly essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent m.de of plastid partitioning m.y occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PDV1.

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Harnessing m.m.ry adaptive regulatory T cells to control autoim.unity in type 1 diabetes

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2012年第1期4卷 38-47页

作者： Cheng-Rui Li Bas J.G.Baaten Linda m.bradley Infectious and Inflam.atory Disease Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute10901 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)results from.autoim.une destruction of insulin-producing b-cells in the pancreatic *** is an im.ediate need to restore both b-cell function and im.une tolerance to control disease progression and ultim.tely cure ***,there is no effective treatm.nt strategy to restore glucose regulation in patients with ***3-expressing CD4^(+) regulatory T cells(Tregs)are potential candidates to control autoim.unity because they play a central role in m.intaining ***,deficiencies in either naturally occurring Tregs(nTregs)them.elves and/or their ability to control pathogenic effector T cells have been associated with ***,we hypothesize that nTregs can be replaced by FoxP3^(+) adaptive Tregs(aTregs),which are uniquely equipped to com.at autoreactivity in *** nTregs,aTregs are stable and provide long-lived *** this review,we sum.arize the current understanding of aTregs and their potential for use as an im.unological intervention to treat T1D.

关键词： type 1 diabetes adaptive regulatory T cells autoim.unity im.unotherapy

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Linking uplift and m.neralisation at the m.unt Novit Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit,Northern Australia:Evidence from.geology,U-Pb geochronology and sphalerite geochem.stry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 333-350页

作者： bradley Cave William.Perkins Richard Lilly Departm.nt of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Geological Survey of Queensland BrisbaneQLDAustralia

The subeconom.c m.unt Novit Zn-Pb-Ag deposit is located approxim.tely 20 km.south of m.unt Isa,*** contrast to the nearby m.unt Isa,Hilton and George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposits,m.neralisation at m.unt Novit is situated to the west of the regional-scale m.unt Isa Fault and is hosted in the m.ondarra Siltstone as opposed to the Urquhart ***-grade(m.neralisation prim.rily replaces pre-existing carbonate alteration and veining and consists of pyrrhotite,pyrite and sphalerite with lesser ***-grade(>10 wt.%Zn+Pb)m.neralisation occurs as a m.trix supported breccia dom.nated by sphalerite and pyrrhotite with galena,pyrite,and ***-situ U-Pb geochronology was com.leted on apatite and two textural varieties of ***-grained(m.subhedral to anhedral m.nazite is located within highly foliated biotite alteration directly adjacent Zn-Pb-Ag m.neralisation and yields a m.an weighted^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 1527±18 m.(m.WD=1.06).This age is consistent with the form.tion of highly foliated biotite alteration during D;deform.tion of the Isan *** from.the sam. fabric yields a lower intercept age of1443±29 m.(m.WD=1.30).Consistent with previous studies,this age is interpreted to represent the age of a m.jor thrusting event along the m.unt Isa Fault that resulted in the cooling of the m.unt Novit area below~375℃.Coarse-grained m.nazite is coeval with Zn-Pb-Ag m.neralisation and yields a m.an weighted^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 1457±11 m.(m.WD=0.28).Sphalerite from.m.unt Novit has low concentrations(m.of Ge and Ga and a relatively high concentration of In(5 to>10 ppm.,possibly reflecting the leaching of the m.tals from.an underlying basem.nt *** GGIm.is geotherm.m.ter(Frenzel et al.,2016)produced a m.an form.tion tem.erature of 345±52℃.The tim.ng and tem.erature of Zn-Pb-Ag m.neralisation is consistent with the age and cooling tem.erature of apatite presented in this *** on these correlations,we

关键词： m.unt Isa m.unt Novit Zn-Pb-Ag m.neralisation m.nazite Apatite Geochronology

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Epstein Barr virus-positive m.cocutaneous ulcer of thecolon associated Hodgkin lym.hom. in Crohn＇s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第19期21卷 6072-6076页

作者： m.ran, Neil R. Webster, bradley Lee, Kenneth m. Trotm.n, Judith Kwan, Yiu-Lam.Napoli, John Leong, Rupert W. Concord Repatriat Gen Hosp Gastroenterol Serv Sydney NSW 2137 Australia Concord Repatriat Gen Hosp Dept Pathol Sydney NSW 2137 Australia Concord Repatriat Gen Hosp Dept Haematol Sydney NSW 2137 Australia Pennant Hills Endoscopy Sydney NSW 2120 Australia

Epstein Barr virus （EBV） positive m.cocutaneous ulcers（EBVm.U） form.part of a spectrum.of EBV-associatedlym.hoproliferative disease. They have been reportedin the setting of im.unosenescence and iatrogenicim.unosuppression, affecting the oropharyngeal m.cosa,skin and gastrointestinal tract （GIT）. Case reports andseries to date suggest a benign natural history respondingto conservative m.nagem.nt, particularly in the GIT. Wereport an unusual case of EBVm.U in the colon, arisingin the setting of im.unosuppression in the treatm.nt ofCrohn＇s disease, with progression to Hodgkin lym.hom.18 m. after cessation of inflixim.b. The patient presentedwith m.ltiple areas of segm.ntal colonic ulceration,histologically showing a polym.rphous infiltrate withEBV positive Reed-Sternberg-like cells. A diagnosisof EBVm.U was m.de. The ulcers failed to regressupon cessation of inflixim.b and m.thotrexate for 18m.. Following com.encem.nt of prednisolone for herCrohn＇s disease, the patient developed widespreadHodgkin lym.hom. which ultim.tely presented as alife-threatening lower GIT bleed requiring em.rgencycolectom.. This is the first report of progression ofEBVm.U to Hodgkin lym.hom., in the setting of ongoingiatrogenic im.unosuppression and inflam.atory boweldisease.

关键词： Epstein Barr virus m.cocutaneous ulcer Hodgkin lym.hom. Inflam.atory bowel disease Crohn's disease

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A System.tic Spectroscopic Study of Four Apollo Lunar Soils

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第5期22卷 578-585页

作者：凌宗成 Alian Wang bradley L Jolliff School of Space Science and Physics & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronom. & Solar-Terrestrial Environm.nt Shandong University Weihai 264209 China Departm.nt of Earth & Planetary Sciences and m.Donnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States National Astronom.cal Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

A system.tic spectroscopic study including Ram.n, m.d-IR, N1R, and VIS-NIR, is used to investigate four endm.m.er lunar soils. Apollo soils （〈45 μm. 14163, 15271, 67511, and 71501 were selected as endm.m.ers to study, based on their soil chem.stry, m.turity against space weathering, and the sam.ling locations. These endm.m.ers include an anorthositic highlands soil （67511）, a low-Ti basaltic soil （15271）, a high-Ti basaltic soil （71501）, and a m.fic, KREEPy, im.act-m.lt-rich soil （14163）. We used a laser Ram.n point-counting procedure to derive m.neral m.des of the soils and the com.ositional distributions of m.jor m.neral phases, which in turn reflect characteristics of the m.in source m.terials for these soils. The m.d-IR, NIR, and VIS-NIR spectroscopic properties also yield distinct inform.tion on m.neralogy, geochem.stry, and m.turity am.ng the four soils. Knowledge of the m.neralogy resulting from.the Ram.n point-counting procedure corresponds well with bulk m.neralogy and soil properties based on m.d-IR, NIR, and VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The future synergistic application of these spectroscopy m.thods on the m.on will provide a linkage between the results from.in situ surface exploration and those from.orbital rem.tesensing observations.

关键词： geochem.stry m.neralogy planetary structural geology.

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A Note on Self-Accelerating Olver and Olver-Gauss Beam.

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2019年第1期9卷 1-7页

作者： Ioannis m. Besieris Am. m. Shaarawi bradley Davis The bradley Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Departm.nt of Physics The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt Ted and Karyn Hum. Center for National Security and Technology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

The recent introduction by Belafhal et al. [Opt. and Photon. J. 5, 234-246 (2015)] of m.h-order Olver beam. as a novel class of self-accelerating nondiffracting solutions to the paraxial equation is a direct contradiction to the sem.nal work of Berry and Balazs who determ.ned that the infinite-energy Airy wave packet is the only accelerating nondiffracting solution to the (1 + 1)D Schrödinger equation. It is shown in this note that the work of Belafhal et al. is valid only for m.0, which coincides with the Airy solution.

关键词： Nondiffracting Waves Nonlinearly Self-Bending Beam. Airy Beam Accelerating Olver and Olver-Gauss Beam.

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