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Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Are Medial Pins Indicated?

Open Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第5期4卷 123-129页

作者： bobby dezfuli Christopher Larkins John T. Ruth Lisa M. Truchan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arizona Medical Center Tucson AZ USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA

Background: Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common elbow fractures in children. Operative management includes closed reduction and placement of 2 to 3 laterally based pins. Occasionally, a medial pin is used to create a crossed fixation pattern, despite risk of nearly 10% iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. The objective of this study was to assess the trends and outcomes in the operative management of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures at a level one academic trauma center. Materials & Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all children sustaining a Gartland type II or III supracondylar humerus fractures treated by closed or open reduction and percutaneous pinning in 2006-2008 and 2009-2011 at a level one academic trauma center by two of the authors (JTR, LMT). Pin placement patterns were evaluated and compared based on year performed. Outcomes measured were rates of ulnar nerve symptoms, non-union, re-operation, and varus malalignment. Data analysis was performed using a Fisher exact test on STATA software. Results: A total of 49 patients met inclusion criteria. Of 22 patients treated in 2006-2008, 5 (23%) were type II and 17 (77%) were type III. From 2009-2011, 16 (59%) were type II and 11 (41%) were type III. Comparison of pinning pattern in type II fractures between 2006-2008 and 2009-2011 did not indicate statistical significance (p = 0.429). Comparison of pinning pattern in type III fractures during the same time period did show that there was a statistically significant decrease (p = 0.010) in the number of cross pin fixations. There were no ulnar nerve injuries, non-unions, re-operations, or varus malalignment in any patient on final follow-up. Conclusion: This study shows that there has been a significant decrease in cross pin fixation for pediatric type III supracondylar humerus fractures with equivalent clinical outcomes at a Level I trauma center. Furthermore, performing lateral pinning for type III fractures has elimi

关键词： Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Pin Fixation Ulnar Nerve Injury Biomechanical Stability

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A Multigrid Method for a Model of the Implicit Immersed Boundary Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 378-400页

作者： Robert D.Guy bobby Philip Department of Mathematics University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA

Explicit time stepping schemes for the immersed boundary method require very small time steps in order to maintain *** the equations that arise from an implicit discretization is ***,several different approaches have been proposed,but a complete understanding of this problem is still emerging.A multigrid method is developed and explored for solving the equations in an implicittime discretization of a model of the immersed boundary *** model problem consists of a scalar Poisson equation with conformation-dependent singular forces on an immersed *** model does not include the inertial terms or the incompressibility *** method is more efficient than an explicit method,but the efficiency gain is *** multigrid method alone may not be an effective solver,but when used as a preconditioner for Krylov methods,the speed-up over the explicit-time method is *** example,depending on the constitutive law for the boundary force,with a time step 100 times larger than the explicit method,the implicit method is about 15-100 times more efficient than the explicit method.A very attractive feature of this method is that the efficiency of the multigrid preconditioned Krylov solver is shown to be independent of the number of immersed boundary points.

关键词： Preconditioning implicit methods fluid-structure interaction

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Benchmarking graph neural networks for materials chemistry

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 739-746页

作者： Victor Fung Jiaxin Zhang Eric Juarez bobby G.Sumpter Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUnited States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUnited States

Graph neural networks(GNNs)have received intense interest as a rapidly expanding class of machine learning models remarkably well-suited for materials *** date,a number of successful GNNs have been proposed and demonstrated for systems ranging from crystal stability to electronic property prediction and to surface chemistry and heterogeneous ***,a consistent benchmark of these models remains lacking,hindering the development and consistent evaluation of new models in the materials ***,we present a workflow and testing platform,MatDeepLearn,for quickly and reproducibly assessing and comparing GNNs and other machine learning *** use this platform to optimize and evaluate a selection of top performing GNNs on several representative datasets in computational materials *** our investigations we note the importance of hyperparameter selection and find roughly similar performances for the top models once *** identify several strengths in GNNs over conventional models in cases with compositionally diverse datasets and in its overall flexibility with respect to inputs,due to learned rather than defined *** several weaknesses of GNNs are also observed including high data requirements,and suggestions for further improvement for applications in materials chemistry are discussed.

关键词： field chemistry intense

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Hepatitis C Recurrence after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation:Mechanisms and Management

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2014年第3期2卷 189-196页

作者： bobby Kakati Anil Seetharam Banner Transplant and Advanced Liver Disease Center Phoenix AZ USA University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ USA

Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is the leading indication for orthotopic liver transplantation and recurrence is nearly *** HCV infection is frequently established through evasion of the innate immune *** of adaptive immune responses modulate the severity and rate of fibrosis *** with demonstrable viremia entering the transplant period uniformly suffer recurrence *** to cirrhosis is accelerated posttransplant secondary to systemic *** addition,a number of factors,including donor,host,and viral characteristics,influence severity and rate of fibrosis ***-based therapy,the previous standard of care,in those with advanced cirrhosis or post-transplant has been limited by a number of *** include a relative lack of efficacy and poor tolerability with higher incidence of infection and ***,approval of direct acting antivirals have ushered in a new era in HCV therapeutics and have applicability in these special *** use immediately prior to or post-transplant is expected to improve both morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Innate immunity Fibrogenesis Sofosbuvir Simeprevir

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Projection Preconditioner for Solving the Implicit Immersed Boundary Equations

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第4期7卷 473-498页

作者： Qinghai Zhang Robert D.Guy bobby Philip Department of Mathematics University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department ofMathematics University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA

This paper presents a method for solving the linear semi-implicit immersed boundary equations which avoids the severe time step restriction presented by explicit-time *** Lagrangian variables are eliminated via a Schur complement to form a purely Eulerian saddle point system,which is preconditioned by a projection operator and then solved by a Krylov subspace *** the viewpoint of projection methods,we derive an ideal preconditioner for the saddle point problem and compare the efficiency of a number of simpler preconditioners that approximate this perfect *** low Reynolds number and high stiffness,one particular projection preconditioner yields an efficiency improvement of the explicit IB method by a factor around *** speed-ups over explicit-time method are achieved for Reynolds number below *** speedup increases as the Eulerian grid size and/or the Reynolds number are further reduced.

关键词： Fluid-structure interaction immersed boundary method projection method preconditioning

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Advances in hydroxyapatite coatings on biodegradable magnesium and its alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第5期10卷 1154-1170页

作者： Ai-Meng Zhang Praneesh Lenin Rong-Chang Zeng M.bobby Kannan College of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamil Nadu 632014India School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales 2308Australia

Magnesium is a candidate metal for biodegradable implant applications for its biodegradation tendency and excellent ***,the high degradation rate of magnesium and also its localized degradation in physiological conditions are the main issues for its successful implant *** degradation rate of magnesium has been reduced to some degree via alloying,but the localized degradation susceptibility is a great *** many years,hydroxyapatite(HAp),a biocompatible ceramic material,has been extensively used for bio-implant ***,a substantial amount of research has been carried out on coating HAp on magnesium-based materials for improved degradation resistance in particular and also to enhance the *** review article focuses on the different methods of HAp coating on magnesium-based materials and also the recent cutting-edge advancements made in the coating process for improved degradation resistance and *** mechanical stability of the HAp coated magnesium-based materials is also discussed.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite Magnesium Biomaterials Biodegradation Coating

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Risk factors and outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical exploration without resection due to metastatic disease:A national cohort study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 279-284页

作者： Emil Sahlstrom Paulina Bereza-Carlson Johan Nilsson bobby Tingstedt Bodil Andersson Department of Clinical Sciences Lund SurgeryLund UniversitySweden Department of Surgery Central Hospital KristianstadSweden Department of Translational Medicine Cardiothoracic surgery and bioinformaticsLund UniversitySweden Department of Thoracic and vascular surgery Skane University hospitalLundSweden Department of Surgery Skane University HospitalLundSweden

Background:Unresectable disease is sometimes diagnosed during surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).This study aimed to identify preoperative risk factors for metastatic disease diagnosed at surgical exploration and to investigate and compare survival in resected and nonresected ***:Patients were identified from the Swedish National Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer Registry *** of metastatic disease were evaluated with a multivariable logistic regression model,and survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank ***:In total,1938 patients with PDAC were scheduled for *** unresectable situation was diagnosed intraoperatively in 399 patients(20.6%),including 234(12.1%)with metastasized *** risk factors for metastasis were involuntary weight loss(OR=1.72;95%CI:1.27-2.33)and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)(35-599 U/m L,OR=1.79,95%CI:1.11-2.89;≥600 U/m L,OR=3.24,95%CI:2.04-5.17).Overall survival was lower among patients with metastasized disease than that among patients with a resectable tumor(P<0.001).Conclusions:Involuntary weight loss and an elevation of CA19-9 are preoperative risk factors for diagnosing metastasized disease during surgical exploration.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Surgery Metastasized Exploration

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A bridge for accelerating materials by design

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npj Computational Materials 2015年第1期1卷 56-66页

作者： bobby G Sumpter Rama K Vasudevan Thomas Potok Sergei V Kalinin Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Computer Science and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Recent technical advances in the area of nanoscale imaging,spectroscopy and scattering/diffraction have led to unprecedented capabilities for investigating materials structural,dynamical and functional *** addition,recent advances in computational algorithms and computer capacities that are orders of magnitude larger/faster have enabled large-scale simulations of materials properties starting with nothing but the identity of the atomic species and the basic principles of quantum and statistical mechanics and *** with these advances,an explosion of high-resolution data has *** confluence of capabilities and rise of big data offer grand opportunities for advancing materials sciences but also introduce several *** this perspective,we identify challenges impeding progress towards advancing materials by design(e.g.,the design/discovery of materials with improved properties/performance),possible solutions and provide examples of scientific issues that can be addressed using a tightly integrated approach where theory and experiments are linked through big-deep data.

关键词： bridge starting materials

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Inverse design of two-dimensional materials with invertible neural networks

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1822-1830页

作者： Victor Fung Jiaxin Zhang Guoxiang Hu P.Ganesh bobby G.Sumpter Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Queens College of the City University of New YorkQueensNY 11367USA

The ability to readily design novel materials with chosen functional properties on-demand represents a next frontier in materials ***,thoroughly and efficiently sampling the entire design space in a computationally tractable manner remains a highly challenging *** tackle this problem,we propose an inverse design framework(MatDesINNe)utilizing invertible neural networks which can map both forward and reverse processes between the design space and target *** approach can be used to generate materials candidates for a designated property,thereby satisfying the highly sought-after goal of inverse *** then apply this framework to the task of band gap engineering in two-dimensional materials,starting with MoS_(2).Within the design space encompassing six degrees of freedom in applied tensile,compressive and shear strain plus an external electric field,we show the framework can generate novel,high fidelity,and diverse candidates with near-chemical *** extend this generative capability further to provide insights regarding metal-insulator transition in MoS_(2)which are important for memristive neuromorphic applications,among *** approach is general and can be directly extended to other materials and their corresponding design spaces and target properties.

关键词： properties inverse satisfying

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Role of artificial intelligence in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第1期13卷 7-18页

作者： Hassaan Bari Sharan Wadhwani bobby V M Dasari Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Department of Radiology Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

Over the past decade,enhanced preoperative imaging and visualization,improved delineation of the complex anatomical structures of the liver and pancreas,and intra-operative technological advances have helped deliver the liver and pancreatic surgery with increased safety and better postoperative *** intelligence(AI)has a major role to play in 3D visualization,virtual simulation,augmented reality that helps in the training of surgeons and the future delivery of conventional,laparoscopic,and robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic(HPB)surgery;artificial neural networks and machine learning has the potential to revolutionize individualized patient care during the preoperative imaging,and postoperative *** this paper,we reviewed the existing evidence and outlined the potential for applying AI in the perioperative care of patients undergoing HPB surgery.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Liver surgery Pancreatic surgery Augmented reality Virtual reality Intra-operative

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