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Cost and accuracy of advanced breeding trial designs in apple

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 267-276页

作者： Julia M Harshman Kate M Evans craig M Hardner Department of Horticulture Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWenatchee98801WAUSA Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072QueenslandAustralia

Trialing advanced candidates in tree fruit crops is expensive due to the long-term nature of the planting and labor-intensive evaluations required to make selection *** closely the trait evaluations approximate the true trait value needs balancing with the cost of the *** of field trials of advanced apple candidates in which reduced number of locations,the number of years and the number of harvests per year were modeled to investigate the effect on the cost and accuracy in an operational breeding *** aim was to find designs that would allow evaluation of the most additional candidates while sacrificing the least *** percentage difference,response to selection,and correlated response were used to examine changes in accuracy of trait *** the quality traits evaluated,accuracy and response to selection were not substantially reduced for most trial *** management influences the decision to change trial design,and some designs had greater risk associated with *** cost and accuracy with risk yields valuable insight into advanced breeding trial *** methods outlined in this analysis would be well suited to other horticultural crop breeding programs.

关键词： breeding crops planting

Growth factors for therapeutic angiogenesis in hypercholesterolemic erectile dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 23-27页

作者： Donghua Xie Brian H. Annex craig F. Donatucci Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Division of Urology Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The past decade has seen an explosion of new information on the physiology of penile erection, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction （ED）. Hypercholesterolemia is a chronic condition that can lead to degeneration in the vasculature bed and can result in ED if the penile vasculature is involved. Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to harness the mechanisms of vascular growth to treat disorders of inadequate tissue perfusion, such as coronary artery disease and ED. There have been tremendous changes in the field of therapeutic angiogenesis over the past decade, and there is much promise for the future. Initial preclinical work with cytokine growth factor delivery resulted in a great deal of enthusiasm for the treatment of ischemic heart and/or peripheral vascular disease, though clinical studies have not achieved similar success. With an increased understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, novel therapies which target multiple different angiogenic pathways are also being developed and tested. The penis is a convenient tissue target for gene therapy because of its external location and accessibility, the ubiquity of endothelial lined spaces, and low level of blood flow, especially in the flaccid state. Therapeutic angiogenesis is an exciting field that continues to evolve. This review will focus on the development of growth factors for hypercholesterolemic ED, the use of various growth factors for ED therapy, their routes of delivery, and the results in animal studies.

关键词： erectile dysfunction hypercholesterolemia angiogenic growth factors nitric oxide synthase

Inactivation of Cryptosporidium by ozone and cell ultrastructures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第12期22卷 1954-1959页

作者： Zhilin Ran Shaofeng Li Junli Huang Yixing Yuan Chongwei Cui craig Denver Williams School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Department of Building & Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Polytechnic Institute Shenzhen 518055 China School of Applied Science University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK

The fluorescence staining method and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were used to study the effect of ozone （O3） inactivating Cryptosporidium in water and cell ultrastructures variation to shed light on the mechanism of inactivation preliminarily. Results indicated that O3 had a stronger inactivating capability. When the concentration of O3 was above 3.0 mg/L and the contact time was up to 7 min, a significant inactivating effect could be achieved. The turbidity on inactivation effects was also found to be statistically significant in artificial water. With increases in turbidity, the inactivating effect decreased. Inactivation rate improved with a temperature increase from 5 to 25℃, but decreased beyond this. The inactivating capability of O3 was found to be stronger under acidic than that under alkalic conditions. When the concentration of organic matter in the reaction system was increased, the competition between Cryptosporidium and organics with O3 probably took place, thereby reducing the inactivation rate. In addition, the cellular morphology of Cryptosporidium varied with different contact times. At zero contact time, cells were rotundity and sphericity, at 60 sec they became folded, underwent emboly, and burst at 480 sec, the cell membrane of Cryptosporidium shrinked and collapsed completely.

关键词： ozone inactivation Cryptosporidium ultrastructures

The impact of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat choice in an African savanna

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 335-339页

作者： Stephanie EBY Anna MOSSER Ali SWANSON craig PACKER Mark RITCHIE Department of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13210 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W1

Camivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up con- trol in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from the reduction in cover caused by burning, that may thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas de- spite the possibility that edges would combine the benefit of cover with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidance of these ar- eas .

关键词： Fire Lions Savannas Habitat distribution Predator-prey interactions Protected area management

In vitro investigation of the effect of dairy propionibacteria on rumen pH,lactic acid and volatile fatty acids

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1566-1575页

作者： Jianbiao Luo Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera Stuart King craig Evans Surinder Baines School of Environmental&Life Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia Advanced Food Systems Research Unit College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourne VIC 3030Australia School of Health Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia

Ruminal acidosis is a prevalent disorder in ruminants such as dairy cows and feedlot beef cattle, caused primarily by the inclusion of a high percentage of readily fermentable concentrates in the diet. The disorder presents as an accumulation of lactic acid, a decrease of pH in the rumen and a subsequent imbalance of the rumen fermentation process with detrimental impacts on the animal＇s health and productivity. Dairy propionibacteria, a group of bacteria characterised by utilization of lactic acid as the favoured carbon source, with propionic acid produced as a by-product, were evaluated in this study as potential direct-fed microbials for use in controlling ruminal acidosis. Acidosis was simulated by introduction of high concentrations of lactic acid into rumen fluid samples and a multi-strain in vitro analysis was conducted, whereby changes in pH and lactic acid metabolism were compared in identical acidified rumen samples, following inoculation with various propionibacteria. This was followed by a study to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation dosage on acid metabolism. The results indicated that lactic acid levels in the rumen fluid were significantly reduced, and propionic acid and acetic acid concentrations both significantly increased, following addition of propionibacteria. Significant ＇between strains＇ differences were observed, with Propionibacterium acidopropionici 341, Propionibacterium freudenreichfi CSCC 2207, Propionibacterium jensenfi NCFB 572 and P. jensenii 702 each producing more rapid reduction of lactic acid concentration than P. freudenreich# CSCC 2206, P. acidopropionici ATCC 25562 and Propionibacterium thoenii ATCC 4874. Furthermore, the efficacy of this application was dosage related, with the rates of reduction in lactic acid levels and production of propionic acid, both significantly greater for the higher （10^10 cfu mL-1） compared with lower （10^5 cfu mL-1） dosage inoculation. The results confirmed that the introduction of propion

关键词： probiotics ruminal acidosis lactic acid propionic acid dairy Propionibacterium

A SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of pr ior itised pharmaceuticals and EDCs with high environmental risk potential in freshwater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 18-27页

作者： Yuan Li MarkATaggart craig McKenzie Zulin Zhang Yonglong Lu Sabolc Pap Stuart WGibb Environmental Research Institute North Highland CollegeUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsCastle StreetThursoCaithnessScotlandKW147JDUK Forensic Drug Research Group Centre for Anatomy and Human IdentificationSchool of Science and EngineeringUK Environm ental and Biochem ical Sciences Group Ja m es Hutton InstituteCraigiebucklerA berdeen AB158QHUK Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and H ealthUniversity of Novi Sad21000 NoviSadSerbia 不详

This work describes the development,optimisation and validation of an analytical method for the rapid determination of 17 priority pharmaceutical compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Rather than studying compounds from the same therapeutic class,the analyses aimed to determine target compounds with the highest risk potential(with particular regard to Scotland),providing a tool for further monitoring in different water *** was based on a systematic environmental risk assessment approach,using consumption data;wastewater treatment removal efficiency;environmental occurrence;toxicological effects;and pre-existing regulatory *** process highlighted 17 compounds across various therapeutic classes,which were then quantified,at environmentally relevant concentrations,by a single analytical *** determination was achieved using a single-step solid phase extraction(SPE)procedure followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The fully optimised method performed well for the majority of target compounds,with recoveries>71%for 15 of 17 *** limits of quantification for most target analytes(14 of 17)ranged from 0.07 ng/L to 1.88 ng/L in river *** utility of this method was then demonstrated using real water samples associated with a rural hospital/*** compounds were targeted and detected,with the highest levels found for the analgesic,paracetamol(at up to 105,910 ng/L in the hospital discharge).This method offers a robust tool to monitor high priority pharmaceutical and EDC levels in various aqueous sample matrices.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals prioritisation Risk assessment trace level determination Water quality

Subnanometer localization accuracy in widefield optical microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 740-754页

作者： craig R.Copeland Jon Geist craig D.McGray Vladimir A.Aksyuk J.Alexander Liddle B.Robert Ilic Samuel M.Stavis Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Maryland NanoCenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Engineering Physics Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA

The common assumption that precision is the limit of accuracy in localization microscopy and the typical absence of comprehensive calibration of optical microscopes lead to a widespread issue—overconfidence in measurement results with nanoscale statistical uncertainties that can be invalid due to microscale systematic *** this article,we report a comprehensive solution to this underappreciated *** develop arrays of subresolution apertures into the first reference materials that enable localization errors approaching the atomic scale across a submillimeter *** present novel methods for calibrating our microscope system using aperture arrays and develop aberration corrections that reach the precision limit of our reference *** correct and register localization data from multiple colors and test different sources of light emission with equal accuracy,indicating the general applicability of our reference materials and calibration *** a first application of our new measurement capability,we introduce the concept of critical-dimension localization microscopy,facilitating tests of nanofabrication processes and quality control of aperture *** a second application,we apply these stable reference materials to answer open questions about the apparent instability of fluorescent nanoparticles that commonly serve as fiducial *** study establishes a foundation for subnanometer localization accuracy in widefield optical microscopy.

关键词： optical limit field

A combined 2D and 3D numerical modeling approach to provide adequate roof support in complex 3D excavations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第1期26卷 169-174页

作者： Heritage Yvette Stemp craig SCT Operations Pry Ltd. Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia

Traditional methods for assessing effective roof support can be difficult to apply to complex three-dimensional excavations. Through worked examples,the approach of combined two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical modeling has been shown to be successful in understanding mechanisms of rock failure for unique excavation geometries and geotechnical properties and,in turn,provides adequate roof support recommendations for complex three-dimensional excavations in Australian coal mines. An interactive approach of monitoring and model review during the excavation process is an important part of model support recommendations to ensure rock failure and deformation in the model are representative of actual conditions,to provide effective and practical controls.

关键词： 3D numerical modelingUnderground excavationsRoof supportRock failureUnderground storage bin

Hadron and light nucleus radii from electron scattering

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第12期46卷 1-15页

作者： Zhu-Fang Cui Daniele Binosi craig D.Roberts Sebastian M.Schmidt School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas Villa Tambosi Strada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden D-01314Germany RWTH Aachen University Ⅲ.Physikalisches Institut BAachen D-52074Germany

Conceptually,radii are amongst the simplest Poincaré-invariant properties that can be associated with hadrons and light *** values of these quantities are necessary so that one may judge the character of putative solutions to the strong interaction problem within the Standard ***,limiting their ability to serve in this role,recent measurements and new analyses of older data have revealed uncertainties and imprecisions in the radii of the proton,pion,kaon,and *** the context of radius measurement using electron+hadron elastic scattering,the past decade has shown that reliable extraction requires minimisation of bias associated with practitioner-dependent choices of data fitting *** answers to that challenge have been offered;and this perspective describes the statistical Schlessinger point method(SPM),in unifying applications to proton,pion,kaon,and deuteron *** in analytic function theory,independent of assumptions about underlying dynamics,free from practitioner-induced bias,and applicable in the same form to diverse systems and observables,the SPM returns an objective expression of the information contained in any data under *** robust nature and versatility make it suitable for use in many branches of experiment and theory.

关键词： elastic electromagnetic form factors lepton scattering from hadrons and light nuclei emergence of mass muonic atoms proton Nambu-Goldstone modes-pion and kaon deuteron strong interactions in the standard model of particle physics