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Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： Ian craig Lawrance Christopher J Welman Peter Shipman Kevin Murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P < 0.05). Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Crohn's disease Fibrosis Prognosis Pathology

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Molecular regulation of telomerase activity in aging

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Protein & Cell 2011年第9期2卷 726-738页

作者： craig Nicholls He Li Jian-Qiu Wang Jun-Ping Liu Molecular Signalling Laboratory Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteFlemington RoadParkvilleVictoria 3052Australia Institute of Aging Research Hangzhou Normal University School of MedicineHangzhou 310036China Department of Immunology Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Department of Genetics University of MelbourneVictoria 3052Australia

The process of aging is mitigated by the maintenance and repair of chromosome ends(telomeres),resulting in extended *** review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions and regulation of the enzyme telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT),which functions as the primary mechanism of telomere maintenance and regulates cellular life *** increased cell proliferation,telomerase is also a key factor in facilitating cancer cell *** review focuses on aspects of hormonal regulations of telomerase,and the intracellular pathways that converge to regulate telomerase activity with an emphasis on molecular interactions at protein and gene *** addition,the basic structure and function of two key telomerase enzyme components—the catalytic subunit TERTand the template RNA(TERC)are discussed briefly.

关键词： telomerase aging telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)

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Age and sex differences in niche use at molt and its effect on plumage coloration characteristics in a bird

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 251-260页

作者： Emilio PAGANI-NUNEZ craig R.A.BARNETT Juan Carlos SENAR State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Department of Ecology/School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Department of Zoology Graduate School of Science University of Kyoto Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho Sakio-ku Kyoto Japan Natural History Museum of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Bird plumage is often very colorful and can communicate the quality of the bearer to conspecifics. These plumage-based signals of quality are composed of multiple pigments (e.g., melanin and carote no ids). Therefore, sex and age classes, which often show marked differe nces in plumage coloration, may have different dietary needs for the different plumage components and this might promote pref ere nces for differe nt dietary niches at different molting stages. However, no study has addressed the role that changes in niche use play in the expression of multiple component plumage signals in birds. We used stable isotope analysis to test the hypothesis that niche use is related to age and sex and to differently cultured plumage patches, yellow carotenoid-based and black melanin-based, in great tits Parus major. We recorded high niche overlap between plumage patches, although δ15N was higher in black than yellow plumage. Niche overlap was relatively low for age classes and relatively high for sex classes, and age classes showed a contrasting pattern of niche overlap between carotenoid- and melanin-based plumages. Moreover,δ13C, but not δ15N, had a significant negative relationship with carotenoid-based plumage, which was only apparent in juveniles. Take n together, our results demonstrate that n iche use had a moderate in fluence on plumage coloration characteristics of great tit individuals, mostly associated with δ13C rather than with δ15N and with age rather than with sex. Therefore, our study is significant because it confirms the releva nee of n iche use duri ng orn ame nt production in free-livi ng birds.

关键词： carotenoids great tits melanin multiple ornaments niche overlap stable isotopes

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Community analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of eight wastewater treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 627-634页

作者： Xiaohui Wang Xianghua Wen craig Criddle George Wells Jie Zhang Yin Zhao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Jerry Yang & Akiko Yamazaki Environment & Energy Building Stanford University Stanford CA94305-4020 USA Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd. Beijing 100084 China

We investigated the communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in activated sludge collected from eight wastewater treatment systems using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP）, cloning, and sequencing of the α-subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene （amoA）. The T-RFLP fingerprint analyses showed that different wastewater treatment systems harbored distinct AOB communities. However, there was no remarkable difference among the AOB T- RFLP profiles from different parts of the same system. The T-RFLP fingerprints showed that a full-scale wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） contained a larger number of dominant AOB species than a pilot-scale reactor. The source of influent affected the AOB community, and the WWTPs treating domestic wastewater contained a higher AOB diversity than those receiving mixed domestic and industrial wastewater. However, the AOB community structure was little affected by the treatment process in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the cloned amoA genes clearly indicated that all the dominant AOB in the systems was closely related to Nitrosomonas spp. not to Nitrosospira spp. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha and Nitrosomonas communis clusters were found in all samples, while members of Nitrosomonas europaea cluster occurred in some systems.

关键词： activated sludge ammonia-oxidizing bacteria T-RFLP amoA gene wastewater treatment plant

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Sleep-based neuronal oscillations as a physiological biomarker for Alzheimer's disease:is night time the right time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica S.Brady Michael T.craig Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease San FranciscoCAUSA School of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday *** is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 *** 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(AD) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

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TRANSFORMATIVE RENEWAL AND URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第4期8卷 17-38页

作者： Susan Spencer Lewin craig Goodman OAA LEED BD+C

A key tenet of sustainable urban development is adaptive reuse, which is the practice of reusing existing infrastructure for a purpose other than for what it was built. Communities have much to gain from the adaptive reuse and transformative renewal of the older built fabric of the city. Retaining older buildings has environmental benefits as it bypasses complete demolition and reconstruction, and conserves the considerable embodied energy stored within the structure. Adaptive reuse is a key environmental factor in land conservation and the reduction of urban sprawl, as it promotes the reuse and revitalization of downtown and inner city sites. Existing buildings highlight the social character and identity of a community through the retention of the irreplaceable historic fabric. Existing buildings promote a strong and vibrant sense of place, leading to increased citizen engagement. Economic benefits can follow as the adaptive reuse and revitalization creates renewal, new uses, and captures the value of the existing building stock, creating a spur to the local economy. For these reasons, the adaptive reuse of existing and historic buildings is an essential component of sustainable urban development. This article will review a case study of the new downtown campus for the University of Windsor and the use of three existing historic buildings as a relevant adaptive reuse strategy toward inner city regeneration and revitalization. The overall strategy for urban sustainability will be reviewed, as well as specific issues and opportunities for each of the three projects.

关键词： University campus renewal city revitalization transformative renewal adaptive re-use sustainable urban design public realm design catalyst site heritage reuse

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RNA Polymerase V Functions in Arabidopsis Interphase Heterochromatin Organization Independently of the 24-nt siRNA-Directed DNA Methylation Pathway

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 700-710页

作者： Olga Pontes Pedro Costa-Nunes Paul Vithayathil craig S. Pikaard Biology Department Washington University 1 Brookings Drive St Louis MO 63130 USA

In Arabidopsis, pericentromeric repeats, retroelements, and silenced rRNA genes are assembled into heterochromatin within nuclear structures known as chromocenters. The mechanisms governing higher-order heterochromatin organization are poorly understood but 24-nt small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） are known to play key roles in heterochromatin formation. Nuclear RNA polymerase IV （Pol IV）, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 （RDR2）, and DICER-LIKE 3 （DCL3） are required for biogenesis of 24-nt siRNAs that associate with ARGONAUTE 4 （AGO4）. Nuclear RNA polymerase V （Pol V） collaborates with DRD1 （DEFICIENT IN RNA-DEPENDENT DNA METHYLATION 1） to generate transcripts at heterochromatic loci that are hypothesized to bind to siRNA-AGO4 complexes and subsequently recruit the de-novo DNA methylation and/or histone modifying machinery. Here, we report that decondensation of the major pericentromeric repeats and depletion of the heterochromatic mark histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation at chromocenters occurs specifically in pol V and drdl mutants. Disruption of pericentromeric repeats condensation is coincident with transcriptional reactivation of specific classes of pericentromeric 180-bp repeats. We further demonstrate that Pol V functions independently of Pol IV, RDR2, and DCL3-mediated siRNA production to affect interphase heterochromatin organization, possibly by involving RNAs that recruit structural or chromatin-modifying proteins.

关键词： RNA polymerase V RNA-directed DNA methylation heterochromatin centromere gene expression.

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Case studies of earthquake-induced effects on concrete channels

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Earthquake Science 2010年第1期23卷 63-69页

作者： craig A Davis Jianping Hu Jean-Pierre Bardet Los Angeles Department of Water andPower Los Angeles CA 90012 USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Case studies are presented for two concrete lined channels shaken by strong ground motions during the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the high speed channel （HSC） and bypass channel （BC）, on the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power＇s Van Norman Complex. Performances of these two channels as they pass through different subsurface materials identify several important seismic aspects and the critical role of geotechnical earthquake engineering in assessing channel behaviors. Preliminary evaluations using detailed mapping of channel cracks, permanent ground movements, subsurface profiles, and nearby strong ground motion recordings from the 1994 earthquake show that the channel liners may have been damaged from both transient motions and permanent ground movements. Damage from permanent ground deformations is obvious by observation; therefore simplified analyses are presented only for transient movements. Site specific transient response analyses are performed to provide an initial assessment of the differing effects from transient and permanent ground movements on HSC and BC liner damage. These case studies are helpful for introducing the potential for lifeline damage from transient movements within zones of permanent ground movement, a concept not well understood in the earthquake engineering community

关键词： concrete channel ground motion ground deformation transient movement lifeline

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Different Performances of H_2O_2 to Oxidise Aldicarb and Hexazinone in the Advanced Oxidation Process of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2014年第3期31卷 348-353页

作者：冉治霖孙楚李绍峰 craig Denver Williams TREVOR John Hocking School of Transportation and Environment Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Saving&Municipal Sewage Reclamation Technology Shenzhen Polytechnic Institute School of Applied Science University of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV1 1LYUK

The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol( TBA) effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3( 97.00%) and O3/H2O2( 96.76%)systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.

关键词： hexazinone aldicarb O3/H2O2 direct and indirect oxidation H2O2consumption

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The genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax genes in endemic regions of Thailand

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 931-936页

作者： Varakorn Kosaisavee Ian Hastings Alister craig Usa Lek-Uthai Department of Parasitology and Entomology Faculty of Public HealthMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Faculty of Graduate Studies Mahidol University.NakornpathomThailand Department of Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpoolUK

Objective:To investigate the genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax(***) PvCSP and PvMSP1 genes from field isolates at four endemic regions(North,East,West and South) of ***:The 152 *** injected cases from dried blood spots were DMA extracted and confirmed by species-specific primer sets using multiplex PCR *** fragments F2 and F3:PvCSP were gcnotvped using RFLP-PCR ***:Totally amplified DNA which was multiple genotypes for PvMSP1 F2 and PvMSP1 F3 were 12.50%and 8.55%.respectively while PvCSP was 3.95%.The overall frequency of multiple genotypes was 25%.There were 12 allele tvpes of PvMSP1 F2 using AluI enzyme digestion and 8 size variations were found in P\MSP1 *** isolates from western region was highly genetic diverse when compare among all *** predominant variant type of PvCSP gene was \ K2I0 ***:The niulliple genotypes are common found in Thailand and it might hide the real *** does not have extensive genetic diversity in this *** marker due to multiple genotypes is difficult In be *** multiple genotypes findings might stem from population migration and vector species findings.

关键词： Genetic polymorphism Plasmodium vivax PvMSP1 PvCSP

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