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Is transesophageal echocardiography needed for evaluating tissue-based transient ischemic attack？

Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1212-1215页

作者： Mohamed Al-Khaled bjorn Scheef Toralf Brüning Department of Neurology University of Lubeck Lubeck Germany Department of Ophthalmology University of Rostock Rostock Germany

Transient ischemic attack（TIA） is a warning signal for stroke.A comprehensive evaluation of TIA may reduce the risk for subsequent *** on the findings of cardiac evaluation with transesophageal echocardiography（TEE） in patients with TIA are *** aims were to determine the frequency of TEE performance and to investigate the findings of TEE in patients with TIA based on the new definition of TIA（i.e.,transient neurological symptoms without evidence of infarction）.During a 4-year period（2011–2014）,1071 patients（mean age,70 ± 13 years;female,49.7%） with TIA were included in a prospective study and *** 1071 consecutive patients suffering from TIA,288 patients（27%） underwent *** median time between admission and TEE was 6 *** with TIA who were evaluated by TEE were younger（67 vs.71 years,P 〈 0.001） than those who were not evaluated by *** had a higher rate of sensibility disturbance as a TIA symptom（39% vs.31%,P = 0.012） but a lower rate of previous stroke（15% vs.25%,P = 0.001） and atrial fibrillation（2% vs.21%,P 〈 0.001） than those who did *** ovale was detected in 71 patients（25.7%）,atrial septal aneurysm in 13 patients（4.6%）,and severe atherosclerotic plaques（grade 4 and 5） in the aortic arch in 25 patients（8.7%）.One patient（0.3%） had a fibroma detected by *** 17 of the 288 patients（6%） who underwent TEE,the indication for anticoagulation therapy was based on the TEE results,and 1 patient with fibroma underwent heart *** hospitalization,7 patients experienced a subsequent stroke,and 27 patients had a recurrent *** 3 months following discharge,the rates of readmission,stroke,recurrent TIA,and death were 19%,2.7%,4.2%,and 1.6%,*** rates of mortality（0.9% vs.1.8%,P = 0.7）,stroke risk（1.9% vs.3.0%,P = 0.8）,and recurrent TIA（5.0% vs.3.9%,P = 0.8） were similar in patients who underwent TEE and in those who did *** TEE in patients with tissue-based TIA is helpful in detecting cardiac so

关键词： transesophageal echocardiography transient ischemic stroke anticoagulation management therapy change

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Variable High Order Multiblock Overlapping Grid Methods for Mixed Steady and Unsteady Multiscale Viscous Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第2期5卷 730-744页

作者： bjorn Sjogreen H.C.Yee Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94551USA NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA

Flows containing steady or nearly steady strong shocks on parts of the flow field,and unsteady turbulence with shocklets on other parts of the flow field are difficult to capture accurately and efficiently employing the same numerical scheme,even under the multiblock grid or adaptive grid refinement *** sixthorder or higher-order shock-capturing methods are appropriate for unsteady turbulence with shocklets,third-order or lower shock-capturing methods are more effective for strong steady or nearly steady shocks in terms of *** order to minimize the short comings of low order and high order shock-capturing schemes for the subject flows,a multiblock overlapping grid with different types of spatial schemes and orders of accuracy on different blocks is *** recently developed single block high order filter scheme in generalized geometries for Navier Stokes and magnetohydrodynamics systems is extended to multiblock overlapping grid *** first stage in validating the high order overlapping approach with several test cases is included.

关键词： Multiblock grid overset grids high order numerical methods blunt body hypersonic flows mixed steady and unsteady flows

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Fitness and predation potential of Macrolophus pygmaeus reared under artificial conditions

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 682-688页

作者： bjorn Vandekerkhove Veronic De Puysseleyr Maarten Bonte Patrick De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium

The biological parameters of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur afler prolonged rearing in the absence of plant materials were compared with those of conventionally plant-reared predators. When eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller were provided as food, developmental and reproductive fitness of M. pygmaeus reared for over 30 consecutive generations using artificial living and oviposition substrates was similar to that of predators kept on tobacco leaves. Plantless-reared fifth instars of the predator also had similar predation rates on second instars of the tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman, as their peers maintained on plant materials. In a further experiment, predation on aphid prey by fifth instar M. pygmaeus fed one of two egg yolk-based artificial diets was compared with that of nymphs fed E. kuehniella eggs. Despite their lower body weights, preda- tors produced on either artificial diet killed similar numbers of prey as their counterparts reared on lepidopteran eggs. Our study indicates that artificial rearing systems may be useful to further rationalize the production of this economically important biological control agent.

关键词： artificial diets artificial substrates biological control insect rearingMacrolophus pygmaeus quality assurance

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Deep Scalogram Representations for Acoustic Scene Classification

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第3期5卷 662-669页

作者： Zhao Ren Kun Qian Zixing Zhang Vedhas Pandit Alice Baird bjorn Schuller ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany Machine Intelligence and Signal Processing Group Technische Universitat Munchen Group on Language Audio and Music (GLAM) Imperial College London UK IEEE

Spectrogram representations of acoustic scenes have achieved competitive performance for acoustic scene classification. Yet, the spectrogram alone does not take into account a substantial amount of time-frequency information. In this study, we present an approach for exploring the benefits of deep scalogram representations, extracted in segments from an audio stream. The approach presented firstly transforms the segmented acoustic scenes into bump and morse scalograms, as well as spectrograms; secondly, the spectrograms or scalograms are sent into pre-trained convolutional neural networks; thirdly,the features extracted from a subsequent fully connected layer are fed into(bidirectional) gated recurrent neural networks, which are followed by a single highway layer and a softmax layer;finally, predictions from these three systems are fused by a margin sampling value strategy. We then evaluate the proposed approach using the acoustic scene classification data set of 2017 IEEE AASP Challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events(DCASE). On the evaluation set, an accuracy of 64.0 % from bidirectional gated recurrent neural networks is obtained when fusing the spectrogram and the bump scalogram, which is an improvement on the 61.0 % baseline result provided by the DCASE 2017 organisers. This result shows that extracted bump scalograms are capable of improving the classification accuracy,when fusing with a spectrogram-based system.

关键词： Acoustic scene classification(ASC) (bidirectional) gated recurrent neural networks((B) GRNNs) convolutional neural networks(CNNs) deep scalogram representation spectrogram representation

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Towards Textbook Efficiency for Parallel Multigrid

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2015年第1期8卷 22-46页

作者： bjorn Gmeiner Ulrich Rude Holger Stengel Christian Waluga Barbara Wohlmuth Institute for Numerical Mathematics(M2) Technische Universitat MunchenBoltzmannstrasse 3D-85748 Garching b.MünchenGermany Department of Computer Science 10 FAU Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstraße 6D–91058 ErlangenGermany Erlangen Regional Computing Center(RRZE) FAU Erlangen-NürnbergMartensstraße 1D–91058 ErlangenGermany

In this work,we extend Achi Brandt’s notion of textbook multigrid effi-ciency(TME)to massively parallel *** a finite element based geomet-ric multigrid implementation,we recall the classical view on TME with experiments for scalar linear equations with constant and varying coefficients as well as linear systems with saddle-point *** extend the idea of TME to the parallel set-ting,we give a new characterization of a work unit(WU)in an architecture-aware fashion by taking into account performance modeling *** illustrate our newly introduced parallel TME measure by large-scale computations,solving prob-lems with up to 200 billion unknowns on a TOP-10 supercomputer.

关键词： Multigrid parallel computing textbook efficiency finite element method

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Large-scale Data Collection and Analysis via a Gamified Intelligent Crowdsourcing Platform

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第4期16卷 427-436页

作者： Simone Hantke Tobias Olenyi Christoph Hausner Tobias Appel bjorn Schuller ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group Technische Universitat München München Germany audEERING GmbH Gilching Germany Group on Language Audio & Music (GLAM) Department of Computing Imperial College London SW7 2AZ UK

In this contribution, we present iHEARu-PLAY, an online, multi-player platform for crowdsourced database collection and labelling, including the voice analysis application (VoiLA), a free web-based speech classification tool designed to educate iHEARu-PLAY users about state-of-the-art speech analysis paradigms. Via this associated speech analysis web interface, in addition, VoiLA encourages users to take an active role in improving the service by providing labelled speech data. The platform allows users to record and upload voice samples directly from their browser, which are then analysed in a state-of-the-art classification pipeline. A set of pre-trained models targeting a range of speaker states and traits such as gender, valence, arousal, dominance, and 24 different discrete emotions is employed. The analysis results are visualised in a way that they are easily interpretable by laymen, giving users unique insights into how their voice sounds. We assess the effectiveness of iHEARu-PLAY and its integrated VoiLA feature via a series of user evaluations which indicate that it is fun and easy to use, and that it provides accurate and informative results.

关键词： Human computation speech analysis crowdsourcing gamified data collection survey

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Adaptive State-Dependent Diffusion for Derivative-Free Optimization

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1241-1269页

作者： bjorn Engquist Kui Ren Yunan Yang Department of Mathematics and the Oden Institute The University of TexasAustinTX 78712USA Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Mathematics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

This paper develops and analyzes a stochastic derivative-free optimization strategy.A key feature is the state-dependent adaptive *** prove global convergence in probability with algebraic rate and give the quantitative results in numerical examples.A striking fact is that convergence is achieved without explicit information of the gradient and even without comparing different objective function values as in established methods such as the simplex method and simulated *** can otherwise be compared to annealing with state-dependent temperature.

关键词： Derivative-free optimization Global optimization Adaptive diffusion Stationary distribution Fokker-Planck theory

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Induction of precocious intestinal maturation in T-cell deficient athymic neonatal rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第42期23卷 7531-7540页

作者： Ester Arévalo Sureda Catherine Gidlund bjorn Westrom Olena Prykhodko Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceLund University

AIM To investigate whether gut maturation could be induced precociously in an athymic T-cell deficient neonatal rat *** Fourteen day-old athymic(nude) rats(NIH-Foxn 1 rnu) were gavaged with either phytohaemagglutinin-a lectin from red kidney beans(PHA); trypsin-a protease(Prot); or water-vehicle(control) as a single dose on one day or once a day for 3-day. The nude rats were either nurtured by their mothers or cross-fostered by conventional foster dams of the Sprague-Dawley strain from days 3-5 after birth. At 17 d of age, 72 h after administration of the first treatment, intestinal macromolecular permeability was tested in vivo, prior to euthanasia, after which blood and gut organs were *** Provocation with both, PHA and protease, resulted in increased gut growth and maturation in nude rat pupsindependent of nursing. Foetal-type enterocytes were replaced by non-vacuolated adult-type enterocytes in the distal small intestine epithelium. Decreased intestinal macromolecular permeability(gut closure) was observed, with reduced permeability markers(BIg G and BSA, P < 0.001) in circulation. Increased pancreatic function, with an increased trypsin to protein ratio in pancreas homogenates, was observed independent of nursing in the nude pups. Immunostaining showed the presence of a few CD3^+-cells in the intestinal mucosa of the nude pups. The number of CD3+-cells remained unaltered by provocation and no differences were observed between the nursing sets. Growth and vitality of the nude pups were dependent on nurturing, since cross-fostering by conventional dams increased their macromolecular absorptive capacity(BSA, P < 0.05), as well as their passive immunity(RIg G, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Precocious gut maturation can be induced by enteral provocation in athymic rat pups, similarly to in euthymic pups, thus showing an independence from thymusderived T-cells.

关键词： Gut Intestinal permeability Passive immunity Pancreas Immunoglobulin G

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Changes in annual accumulation retrieved from Geladaindong ice core and its relationship to atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第23期52卷 3261-3266页

作者： ZHANG YongJun KANG ShiChang QIN DaHe GRIGHOLM bjorn MAYEWSKI Paul A. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100085 China Graduate School of CAS Beijing 100049 China National Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

Annual accumulation records covering 1935 to 2004 were reconstructed using Geladaindong ice core in the source of Yangtze River. A significant positive correlation between annual accumulation and precipitation from nearby meteorological stations was found, suggesting ice core accumulation could be taken as a precipitation proxy in the region. In the past 70 years, precipitation in the Geladaindong region was low from 1930s to early 1960s, and the lowest value occurred in the later 1950s. Since 1960s, precipitation increased dramatically and reached the maximum around 1980s, then decreased slightly in 1990s. By using Mann-Kendall rank statistical test method, a change point for precipitation was de- termined in 1967. Analysis of the atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau suggested that, compared with the southwest wind during the low precipitation period (before 1967), it extended about 2 latitudes northward during high precipitation period (after 1967). Moreover, during the high precipita- tion, the trough over the Bal Karshi Lake was also enhanced, and both the meridional wind and vapor transporting displayed a remarkable aggrandizement.

关键词：大气循环西藏气候学物质蓄积

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Heterogeneous Multiscale Methods: A Review

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第3期2卷 367-450页

作者： Weinan E bjorn Engquist Xiantao Li Weiqing Ren Eric Vanden-Eijnden Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Mathematics Courant Institute of Mathematical SciencesNew York UniversityNew YorkNY 10012USA.

This paper gives a systematic introduction to HMM,the heterogeneous multiscale methods,including the fundamental design principles behind the HMM philosophy and the main obstacles that have to be overcome when using HMM for a particular *** is illustrated by examples from several application areas,including complex fluids,micro-fluidics,solids,interface problems,stochastic problems,and statistically self-similar *** is given to the technical tools,such as the various constrained molecular dynamics,that have been developed,in order to apply HMM to these *** of mathematical results on the error analysis of HMM are *** review ends with a discussion on some of the problems that have to be solved in order to make HMM a more powerful tool.

关键词： Multi-scale modeling heterogeneous multi-scale method multi-physics models constrained micro-scale solver data estimation.

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