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What is r.quir.d for.better.pr.gr.ss in clinical and scientific andr.logy involving sper. assessments?

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Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2024年第3期26卷 229-232页

作者： Lar. björ.dahl ANOVA Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Norra Stationsgatan 69 Level 4 S-113 64 Stockholm Sweden

In scientific publications based on basicsemen examination,ther. is a gener.llack of consistency and tr.nspar.ncyr.gar.ing labor.tor. techniques *** suppor. impr.vements in clinicaland scientific andr.logy,it is essential toincr.ase under.tanding of basic physiologyand biology,and enhance compliancewith existing r.commendations andinter.ational *** designsneed to be impr.ved as well as tr.nspar.ncyof labor.tor. methods used and openpublication of data obtained.

关键词： tr.nspar.ncy consistency clinical

Audio Enhancement for.Computer.Audition—An Iter.tive Tr.ining Par.digm Using Sample Impor.ance

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Jour.al of Computer.Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 895-911页

作者： Manuel Milling Shuo Liu Andr.as Tr.antafyllopoulos Ilhan Aslan björ. W.Schuller Chair.of Embedded Intelligence for.Health Car. and Wellbeing University of AugsburgAugsburg 86159Germany Chair.of Health Infor.atics München rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunich 81675Germany Munich Center.for.Machine Lear.ing Munich 80333Germany Huawei Technologies MunichMunich 80992Germany Munich Data Science Institute Garching 85748Germany Gr.up on Language Audio and MusicImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZU.K.

Neur.l networ. models for.audio tasks,such as automatic speech r.cognition(ASr.and acoustic scene classification(ASC),ar. susceptible to noise contamination for.r.al-life *** impr.ve audio quality,an enhancement module,which can be developed independently,is explicitly used at the fr.nt-end of the tar.et audio *** this paper.we pr.sent an end-to-end lear.ing solution to jointly optimise the models for.audio enhancement(AE)and the subsequent *** guide the optimisation of the AE module towar.s a tar.et application,and especially to over.ome difficult samples,we make use of the sample-wise per.or.ance measur. as an indication of sample *** exper.ments,we consider.four.r.pr.sentative applications to evaluate our.tr.ining par.digm,i.e.,ASr.speech command r.cognition(SCr.,speech emotion r.cognition(SEr.,and *** applications ar. associated with speech and nonspeech tasks concer.ing semantic and non-semantic featur.s,tr.nsient and global infor.ation,and the exper.mental r.sults indicate that our.pr.posed appr.ach can consider.bly boost the noise r.bustness of the models,especially at low signal-to-noise r.tios,for.a wide r.nge of computer.audition tasks in ever.day-life noisy envir.nments.

关键词： audio enhancement computer.audition joint optimisation multi-task lear.ing voice suppr.ssion

Violent collisions can r.veal hexadecapole defor.ation of nuclei

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Nuclear.Science and Techniques 2024年第7期 70-72页

作者： bj?r. Schenke Physics Depar.ment Brookhaven National Laboratory

A new obser.able in heavy ion collision exper.ments was identified to be sensitive to the hexadecapole defor.ation of the colliding nuclei. Such defor.ation is difficult to measur. in tr.ditional nuclear.electr.c tr.nsition measur.ments, as it is often over.helmed by the nuclear.quadr.pole defor.ation. This opens the door.to gain new insight into nuclear.str.ctur. with exper.ments that wer. designed to study hot and dense nuclear.*** str.ctur.s ar. deter.ined by the nuclear.for.e, pr.viding fundamental insight into the laws of natur.. Defor.ations,quantifiedbydeviationsfr.maspher.calshape,ar.a consequence of the inter.ction between the nuclear.shell str.ctur. and the r.sidual valence nucleons, whose detailed knowledge is cr.cial for.under.tanding for.example nucleosynthesis,nuclear.ission,andneutr.nolessdouble-beta decay.

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Application of novel constr.ined fr.ction pr.cessing method to pr.duce fine gr.ined biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

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Jour.al of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 516-529页

作者： Ting Chen Banglong Fu Junjun Shen Uceu F.H.r.Suhuddin björ. Wiese Yuanding Huang Min Wang Jor.e F.dos Santos Jean Pier.e Ber.mann Benjamin Klusemann Solid State Mater.als Pr.cessing Institute of Material MechanicsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Functional Magnesium Mater.als Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Shanghai Key Labor.tor. of Mater.als Laser.Pr.cessing and Modification Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDongchuan Road 800Shanghai 200240China Applied Mater.als and Manufactur.ng Energy and Environment DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPO Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA Pr.duction Technology Gr.up Technisiche Universität IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2Ilmenau 98693Germany Institute for.Pr.duction Technology and Systems Leuphana University of LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1Lüneburg 21335Germany

In or.er.to obtain Mg alloys with fine micr.str.ctur.s and high mechanical per.or.ances,a novel fr.ction-based pr.cessing method,name as“constr.ined fr.ction pr.cessing(CFP)”,was *** CFP,defect-fr.e Mg-Zn-Ca r.ds with gr.atly r.fined gr.ins and high mechanical pr.per.ies wer. *** to the pr.vious as-cast micr.str.ctur.,the gr.in size was r.duced fr.m mor. than 1 mm to ar.und 4μm within 3 s by a single pr.cess *** compr.ssive yield str.ngth was incr.ased by 350%while the ultimate compr.ssive str.ngth by 53%.Accor.ing to the established mater.al flow behavior. by“tr.cer.mater.al”,the plastic mater.al was tr.nspor.ed by shear.*** the base mater.al to the r.d,the mater.al exper.enced thr.e stages,*** by the tool,upwar. flow with additional tilt,followed by upwar. *** micr.str.ctur.l evolution was r.vealed by“stop-action”*** micr.str.ctur.l development at r.gions adjacent to the r.d is mainly contr.lled by twinning,dynamic r.cr.stallization(Dr.)as well as par.icle stimulated nucleation,while that within the r.d is r.lated to Dr. combined with gr.in gr.wth.

关键词： Constr.ined fr.ction pr.cessing Magnesium alloys Micr.str.ctur. Mechanical pr.per.ies Gr.in r.finement Plastic defor.ation

Acceler.ted design of high-per.or.ance Mg-Mn-based magnesium alloys based on novel bayesian optimization

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Jour.al of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 750-766页

作者： Xiaoxi Mi Lili Dai Xuer.i Jing Jia She bjør. Holmedal Aitao Tang Fusheng Pan College of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Southwest Technology and Engineer.ng r.sear.h Institute Chongqing 400039China National Engineer.ng r.sear.h Center.for.Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Depar.ment of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim 7051Norway

Magnesium(Mg),being the lightest str.ctur.l metal,holds immense potential for.widespr.ad applications in var.ous *** development of high-per.or.ance and cost-effective Mg alloys is cr.cial to fur.her.advancing their.commer.ial *** the r.pid advancement of machine lear.ing(ML)technology in r.cent year.,the“data-dr.ven''appr.ach for.alloy design has pr.vided new per.pectives and oppor.unities for.enhancing the per.or.ance of Mg *** paper.intr.duces a novel r.gr.ssion-based Bayesian optimization active lear.ing model(r.OALM)for.the development of high-per.or.ance Mg-Mn-based wr.ught *** employs active lear.ing to automatically explor. optimal alloy compositions and pr.cess par.meter. within pr.defined r.nges,facilitating the discover. of super.or.alloy *** model fur.her.integr.tes pr.-established r.gr.ssion models as sur.ogate functions in Bayesian optimization,significantly enhancing the pr.cision of the design *** r.OALM,sever.l new high-per.or.ance alloys have been successfully designed and ***,after.mechanical pr.per.y testing of the designed alloys,the Mg-2.1Zn-2.0Mn-0.5Sn-0.1Ca alloy demonstr.tes exceptional mechanical pr.per.ies,including an ultimate tensile str.ngth of 406 MPa,a yield str.ngth of 287 MPa,and a 23%fr.ctur. ***,the Mg-2.7Mn-0.5Al-0.1Ca alloy exhibits an ultimate tensile str.ngth of 211 MPa,coupled with a r.mar.able 41%fr.ctur. elongation.

关键词： Mg-Mn-based alloys High-per.or.ance Alloy design Machine lear.ing Bayesian optimization

Skeletal micr.str.ctur.s of cheilostome br.ozoans(phylum Br.ozoa,class Gymnolaemata):cr.stallogr.phy and secr.tion patter.s

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Mar.ne Life Science & Technology 2024年第3期6卷 405-424页

作者： Chr.stian Gr.nier.Er.ka Gr.esshaber.Wolfgang Schmahl björ. Ber.ing Antonio G.Checa Depar.amento de Estr.tigr.fía y Paleontología Universidad de Granada18071 GranadaSpain Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tier.a CSIC-Universidad de Granada18100 ArmillaSpain Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximilians Universität80333 MunichGermany Institute for.Geology University of Hamburg20146 HamburgGermany

Gymnolaemata br.ozoans pr.duce CaCO3 skeletons of either.calcite,ar.gonite,or.*** extensive r.sear.h,their.cr.stallogr.phy and biominer.lization patter.s r.main *** pr.sent a detailed study of the micr.str.ctur.s,min-er.logy,and cr.stallogr.phy of eight extant cheilostome species using scanning electr.n micr.scopy,electr.n backscatter.diffr.ction,atomic for.e micr.scopy,and micr.-computed *** distinguished five basic micr.str.ctur.s,thr.e calcitic(tabular.ir.egular.y platy,and gr.nular.,and two ar.gonitic(gr.nular.platy and fibr.us).The calcitic micr.str.c-tur.s consist of cr.stal aggr.gates that tr.nsition fr.m tabular.or.ir.egular.y platy to gr.nular.*** ar.gonite consists of fiber. ar.anged into *** all cases,the cr.stallogr.phic textur.s ar. axial,and str.nger.in ar.gonite than in calcite,with the c-axis as the fiber.*** r.constr.ct the biominer.lization sequence in the differ.nt species by consider.ng the distr.bution and mor.hology of the gr.wth fr.nts of cr.stals and the location of the secr.tor. *** biminer.lic species,calcite for.ation always pr.dates ar.gonite *** inter.or.compound walls,gr.wth pr.ceeds fr.m the cuticle towar. the zooecium *** conclude that,with the exception of tabular.calcite,biominer.lization is r.mote and occur. within a r.latively wide extr.pallial space,which is consistent with the inor.anic-like appear.nce of the *** biominer.lization mode is r.r. among inver.ebr.tes.

关键词： Biominer.lization Br.ozoan Skeleton Calcite Ar.gonite Electr.n backscatter.diffr.ction

Induction System for.a Fusion r.actor. Quantum Mechanics Chained up

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Jour.al of High Ener.y Physics, Gr.vitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 158-166页

作者： Fr.edr.ch björ. Gr.mm CEO of r.S-Institute Stuttgart Germany

In the quest for.a sustainable and abundant ener.y sour.e, nuclear.fusion technology stands as a beacon of hope. This study intr.duces a gr.undbr.aking quantum mechanically effective induction system designed for.magnetic plasma confinement within fusion r.actor.. The pur.uit of clean ener.y, essential to combat climate change, hinges on the ability to har.ess nuclear.fusion efficiently. Tr.ditional appr.aches have faced challenges in plasma stability and ener.y efficiency. The novel induction system pr.sented her. not only addr.sses these issues but also tr.nsfor.s fusion r.actor. into integr.ted constr.ction systems. This innovation pr.mises compact fusion r.actor., mar.ing a significant step towar. a clean and limitless ener.y futur., fr.e fr.m the constr.ints of tr.ditional power.sour.es. This r.volutionar. quantum induction system r.defines plasma confinement in fusion r.actor., unlocking clean, compact, and efficient ener.y pr.duction.

关键词： Fusion r.actor Plasma Confinement Quantum Mechanics Clean Ener.y

Two-year.longitudinal change in chor.idal and r.tinal thickness in school-aged myopic childr.n:explor.tor. analysis of clinical tr.als for.myopia pr.gr.ssion

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Eye and Vision 2024年第4期10卷 1-10页

作者： Meiping Xu Xinping Yu Minghui Wan Kemi Feng Junxiao Zhang Meixiao Shen björ. dr.be Hao Chen Jia Qu Jinhua Bao Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometr. Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina National Clinical r.sear.h Center.for.Ocular.Diseases WenzhouZhejiangChina. WEir. WMU-Essilor International Research CenterWenzhouZhejiangChina r.D Vision Sciences AMEr. EssilorInternationalSingaporeSingapore

Backgr.und:With incr.asing axial length(AL)and myopia pr.gr.ssion,the micr.-str.ctur. of the r.tina and chor.id gr.dually *** study descr.bes the longitudinal changes in r.tinal and chor.idal thickness in school-aged childr.n with myopia and explor.s the r.lationship between changes in chor.idal thickness and myopia ***:An explor.tor. analysis of a r.ndomized tr.al was ***(n=168,aged 7 to 12 year.)with myopia fr.m-0.75 diopter.D)to-4.00 D wer. enr.lled in this pr.spective longitudinal *** r.fr.ction,AL,r.tinal and chor.idal thicknesses wer. measur.d at baseline and at 1-and 2-year.follow-ups."r.pid pr.gr.ssion myopia"was defined as incr.asing in myopia>1.00 D and'"stable pr.gr.ssion myopia"was≤1.00 D dur.ng the 2-year.*** affecting the changes in chor.idal thickness wer. analysed using linear.mixed ***:AL significantly incr.ased by 0.67±0.24 mm with a myopic shift of-1.50±0.64 D over.the 2 *** over.ll r.tinal thickness incr.ased fr.m 251.12±15.91μm at baseline to 253.47±15.74μm at the 2-year.followup(F=23.785,Pr.idal thickness decr.ased fr.m 231.03±54.04μm at baseline to 206.53±59.71μm at the 2-year.follow-up(F=73.358,Pr.idal thinning was significantly associated with AL elongation(β=-43.579μm/mm,P=0.002)and sex(β=-17.258,P=0.001).Chor.idal thickness continued to decr.ase in subjects with r.pid pr.gr.ssion(F=92.06,Pr.gr.ssion(F=2.23,P=0.119).Conclusion:Significant chor.idal thinning was obser.ed and was associated with r.pid pr.gr.ssion and *** findings indicate a need to under.tand the r.le of the chor.id in eye gr.wth and myopia ***/Pr.cis:The macular.chor.idal thickness of myopic childr.n is r.levant to differ.nt degr.es of myopic pr.gr.ssion in this 2-year.longitudinal *** findings suggest that contr.l of chor.idal thickness might wor. to r.gulate human ocular.gr.wth.

关键词： Axial length Chor.idal thickness Childr.n Myopia Spectr.l-domain optical coher.nce tomogr.phy

Conventional Geother.al Systems and Unconventional Geother.al Developments: An Over.iew

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Open Jour.al of Geology 2024年第2期14卷 196-246页

作者： Mar.am Khodayar.Sveinbjör. björ.sson Consultant and r.sear.her.in Geosciences Reykjavík Iceland For.er.y at National Ener.y Author.ty of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland

This paper.pr.vides an over.iew of conventional geother.al systems and unconventional geother.al developments as a common r.fer.nce is needed for.discussions between ener.y pr.fessionals. Conventional geother.al systems have the heat, per.eability and fluid, r.quir.ng only dr.lling down to °C, nor.al heat flow or.decaying r.diogenic gr.nite as heat sour.es, and used in distr.ct heating. Medium-temper.tur. (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temper.tur. (HT) 190°C - 374°C r.sour.es ar. mostly at plate boundar.es, with volcanic intr.sive heat sour.e, used mostly for.electr.city gener.tion. Single well capacities ar. °C - 500°C) and a r.nge of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack per.eability or.fluid, thus r.quir.ng stimulations for.heat extr.ction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geother.al down to 500 m in wells, both captur.ng °C, with °C ar. either.advanced by geother.al developer. at r.al Systems (EGS), dr.lling below br.ttle-ductile tr.nsition zones and under.geother.al fields), or.by the Oil & Gas industr. (Advanced Geother.al Systems, heat r.cover. fr.m hydr.car.on wells or.r.ser.oir., Super.ot r.ck Geother.al, and millimeter.wave dr.lling down to 20 Km). Their.pr.mar. aim is electr.city gener.tion, r.lying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fr.ctur.s for.heat exchange with ear.hquake r.sks dur.ng fr.cking. Unconventional appr.aches could be ever.wher., with shallow geother.al alr.ady functional. The deeper.and hotter.unconventional alter.atives ar. still exper.mental, over.oming costs and technological challenges to become fully commer.ial. Meanwhile, the conventional geother.al r.sour.es r.main the most pr.ven oppor.unities for.investments and development.

关键词： Conventional Geother.al Systems Unconventional Geother.al Developments Shallow and Deep Closed-Loops Enhanced Geother.al Systems Super.r.tical and Millimeter.Wave Dr.lling