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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第11期7卷 943-973页

作者： birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universitat München Munich Germany

many industrial companies and researchers are looking for more efficient model driven engineering approaches (mDE) in software engineering of manufacturing automation systems (mS) especially for logic control programming, but are uncertain about the applicability and effort needed to implement those approaches in comparison to classical Programmable Logic Controller?(PLC) programming with IEC 61131-3. The paper summarizes results of usability experiments evaluating UmL and SysmL as software engineering notations for a mDE applied in the domain of manufacturing systems. modeling mS needs to cover the domain specific characteristics,?i.e.?hybrid process, real time requirements and communication requirements. In addition the paper presents factors, constraint and practical experience for the development of further usability experiments. The paper gives examples of notational expressiveness and weaknesses of UmL and SysmL. The appendix delivers detailed master models, representing the correct best suited model, and evaluation schemes of the experiment, which is helpful if setting up own empirical experiments.

关键词： manufacturing Automation Software Programming Environment Software Engineering User Interface Human Factors

Impact of single annual treatment and four-monthly treatment for hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides,and factors associated with residual infection among Kenyan school children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 249-260页

作者： Stella Kepha Charles S.mwandawiro Roy m.Anderson Rachel L.Pullan Fred Nuwaha Jorge Cano Sammy m.Njenga maurice R.Odiere Elizabeth Allen Simon J.Brooker birgit Nikolay School of Public Health Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)NairobiKenya London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene and Tropical medicine LondonUK Centre for Global Health Research KEMRIKisumuKenya KEmRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme NairobiKenya

Background:School-based deworming is widely implemented in various countries to reduce the burden of soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),however,the frequency of drug administration varies in different *** this study,we compared the impact of a single annual treatment and 4-monthly treatment over a follow-up among Kenyan school children,and investigated the factors associated with residual ***:We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial investigating whether deworming for STHs alters risk of acquiring *** received either a single treatment or 4-monthly albendazole treatments were followed longitudinally from February 2014 to October *** relative impact of treatment and factors associated with residual infections were investigated using mixed-effects regression *** to infection was assessed based on Spearman’s rank and Kendall’s Tau correlation ***:In the 4-monthly treatment group,the proportion of children infected with hookworm decreased from 59.9 to 5.7%,while Ascaris lumbricoides infections dropped from 55.7 to 6.2%.In the single treatment group,hookworm infections decreased over the same time period from 58.7 to 18.3%(12.6%absolute difference in reduction,95%CI:8.9-16.3%),and *** from 56.7 to 23.3%(17.1%absolute difference in reduction,95%CI:13.1-21.1%).There was strong evidence for predisposition to both STH *** hookworm infection among children on 4-monthly treatment were associated with male sex and baseline nutritional status,whereas *** infection was associated with individual and school-level infection at baseline,latrine cleanliness at ***:This study found that 4-monthly treatment w more effective than single annual *** treatments led to dramatic reductions in the intensities of STHs,but did not completely clear infections among school children in Kenya,a presumed reflection of reinfection in a setti

关键词： School-based deworming Soil-transmitted helminths Albendazole School children Kenya

Zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low and middle-income countries

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 73-87页

作者： Ioana D.Olaru birgit Walther Frieder Schaumburg Institute of medical microbiology University of MünsterMünsterGermany Advanced Light and Electron microscopy Robert Koch-InstituteBerlinGermany Department of Environmental Hygiene German Environment AgencyBerlinGermany

Background Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing challenge in low and middle-income countries as it is wide-spread in these countries and is linked to an increased *** from human and environmental factors,animal-related drivers of antimicrobial resistance in low-and middle-income countries have special features that differ from high-income *** aim of this narrative review is to address the zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low-and middle-income *** body Contamination with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli is highest in poultry(Africa:8.9–60%,Asia:53–93%)and there is a risk to import *** through poultry meat in *** aquacultures,the proportion of ESBL-producers *** can be high(27%)but the overall low quality of published studies limit the general conclusion on the impact of aquacultures on human *** colonization of wildlife is 1–9%in bats or 2.5–63%*** most of them are migratory animals,they can disperse antimicrobial resistant bacteria over large ***-called‘filth flies’are a relevant vector not only of enteric pathogens but also of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in settings where sanitary systems are *** Africa,up to 72.5%of‘filth flies’are colonized with ***,mostly conferred by CTX-m(24.4–100%).While methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus plays a minor role in livestock in Africa,it is frequently found in South America in poultry(27%)or pork(37.5–56.5%)but less common in Asia(poultry:3%,pork:1–16%).Conclusions Interventions to contain the spread of AmR should be tailored to the needs of low-and middle-income *** comprise capacity building of diagnostic facilities,surveillance,infection prevention and control in small-scale farming.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

From Vietnamese plants to a biflavonoid that relieves inflammation by triggering the lipid mediator class switch to resolution

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1629-1647页

作者： Tran Thi Van Anh Alilou mostafa Zhigang Rao Simona Pace Stefan Schwaiger Christian Kretzer Veronika Temml Carsten Giesel Paul m.Jordan Rossella Bilancia Christina Weinigel Silke Rummler birgit Waltenberger Tran Hung Antonietta Rossi Hermann Stuppner Oliver Werz Andreas Koeberle Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for molecular Biosciences Innsbruck(CmBI) University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City 700000Viet Nam michael Popp Institute and Center for molecular Biosciences Innsbruck(CmBI) University of InnsbruckInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Pharmaceutical/medicinal Chemistry Institute of PharmacyFriedrich Schiller University JenaJena 07743Germany Institute of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgSalzburg 5020Austria Department of Pharmacy School of MedicineUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples'80131Italy Institute of Transfusion medicine University Hospital JenaJena 07747Germany

Chronic inflammation results from excessive pro-inflammatory signaling and the failure to resolve the inflammatory *** mediators orchestrate both the initiation and resolution of *** from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving lipid mediator biosynthesis is considered as efficient strategy to relieve chronic inflammation,though drug candidates exhibiting such features are *** from a library of Vietnamese medical plant extracts,we identified isomers of the biflavanoid 8-methylsocotrin-4’-ol from Dracaena cambodiana,which limit inflammation by targeting 5-lipoxygenase and switching the lipid mediator profile from leukotrienes to specialized pro-resolving mediators(SPm).Elucidation of the absolute configurations of 8-methylsocotrin-4’-ol revealed the 2 S,γSisomer being most active,and molecular docking studies suggest that the compound binds to an allosteric site between the 5-lipoxygenase *** identified additional subordinate targets within lipid mediator biosynthesis,including microsomal prostaglandin E2 *** production is efficiently suppressed in activated human neutrophils,macrophages,and blood,while the induction of SPm biosynthesis is restricted to m2 *** shift from leukotrienes to SPm was also evident in mouse peritonitis in vivo and accompanied by a substantial decrease in immune cell *** summary,we disclose a promising drug candidate that combines potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibition with the favorable reprogramming of lipid mediator profiles.

关键词： Lipoxygenase Inflammation Resolution Natural product Lipidomics Lipid mediator

北京夏季高温高湿和降水过程对大气颗粒物谱分布的影响

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环境科学 2006年第11期27卷 2293-2298页

作者：胡敏刘尚吴志军张静赵云良 birgit Wehner Alfred Wiedensohler 北京大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室北京100871 德国莱比锡对流层研究所莱比锡04318

2004—07—13～2004—08—23使用TDmPS-APS系统在线测量颗粒物的数浓度谱分布，并于07—16～07—18选取了高温闷热夜晚、日间高温高湿和雨后晴朗干洁3种天气条件，使用多级串联撞击式采样器（mOUDI）测量颗粒物的质量浓度谱分布，结果... 详细信息

2004—07—13～2004—08—23使用TDmPS-APS系统在线测量颗粒物的数浓度谱分布，并于07—16～07—18选取了高温闷热夜晚、日间高温高湿和雨后晴朗干洁3种天气条件，使用多级串联撞击式采样器（mOUDI）测量颗粒物的质量浓度谱分布，结果表明，高温高湿天气条件下颗粒物的污染、尤其细粒子污染严重，导致很低的能见度（2．5km）；Pm1．8和Pm10的质量浓度分别为170．68μg／m^3和249．35μg／m^3，细粒子质量浓度占Pm10的68％；粒径为50～100nm颗粒物的数浓度最高，为2×10^4～3×10^4个／cm^3；降雨过程对粗粒子和细粒子均有去除作用，对细粒子的去除作用尤为明显；降雨后Pm10和Pm1．8浓度分别比降雨前降低3倍和6倍；降雨过后的晴朗干洁天气有利于新粒子（3～20nm）的生成，生成的新粒子快速长大到50～100nm；随着污染物的累积，以后几天内又变为污染天气．

关键词：颗粒物质量浓度谱分布数浓度谱分布高温高湿降雨

Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja m.maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton birgit Schilling Simon melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

Controls on Gosaikunda Lake Chemistry within Langtang National Park in High Himalaya, Nepal

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第10期5卷 1100-1115页

作者： maya P. Bhatt Seema Bhatt birgit Gaye Institute for the Biogeochemistry and marine Chemistry Klima Campus—University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany School of Environmental Science and management Pokhara University Kathmandu Nepal

Surface water samples and lake bed sediments were collected and analyzed from Gosaikunda Lake within Langtang National Park (28°05'N, 85°25'E;4380 m a.s.l.) in the central Himalayan region of Nepal during fall 2011. The major cations and anions in equivalents were present in the following order: ?and , respectively. Sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution and aluminosilicate dissolution appeared to be the dominant geochemical processes determining lake water dissolved ions. Sulfate concentration was much higher than the alkalinity which is in contrast to glacier meltwater within the same landscape. Alkalinity primarily as bicarbonate contributes 88.6% to the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) followed by carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbonate (CO3) in surface water samples. Organic carbon contributes 0.3% to 5.4% to the sediments and the organic matter is predominantly of aquatic origin. The lake is under saturated with carbon dioxide and the average partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) appeared quite low (43.4 μatm). Overall, natural biogeochemical processes regulate the chemical species within the lake ecosystem. The lake is oligotrophic, however, nutrients and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations are enhanced at the near shore sites close to the tracking trail.

关键词： Gosaikunda High Himalaya Langtang Geochemical Processes Nutrients

Review of model-Based Testing Approaches in Production Automation and Adjacent Domains—Current Challenges and Research Gaps

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2015年第9期8卷 499-519页

作者： Susanne Rosch Sebastian Ulewicz Julien Provost birgit Vogel-Heuser Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universitat MünchenMünchenGermany Assistant Professorship for Safe Embedded Systems Technische Universitat MünchenMünchenGermany

As production automation systems have been and are becoming more and more complex, the task of quality assurance is increasingly challenging. model-based testing is a research field addressing this challenge and many approaches have been suggested for different applications. The goal of this paper is to review these approaches regarding their suitability for the domain of production automation in order to identify current trends and research gaps. The different approaches are classified and clustered according to their main focus which is either testing and test case generation from some form of model automatons, test case generation from models used within the development process of production automation systems, test case generation from fault models or test case selection and regression testing.

关键词： model-Based Testing Automated Production Systems Conformance Testing Regression Testing Fault Injection Survey

重污染和新粒子生成过程中城市大气颗粒物数谱分布演变过程

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中国科学：地球科学 2011年第8期41卷 1192-1199页

作者：吴志军胡敏岳玎利 birgit WEHNER Alfred WIEDENSOHLEP 北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室北京100871 Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research 04318 LeipzigGermany

使用双电迁移性颗粒物粒径谱分析仪和空气动力学颗粒物粒径谱分析仪对北京城市大气颗粒物(3nm^10μm)数浓度谱分布进行长期观测.选取2006年春节期间出现的一次重污染事件和一次新粒子生成过程,对期间颗粒物数谱分布特征及演变过程进行分... 详细信息

使用双电迁移性颗粒物粒径谱分析仪和空气动力学颗粒物粒径谱分析仪对北京城市大气颗粒物(3nm^10μm)数浓度谱分布进行长期观测.选取2006年春节期间出现的一次重污染事件和一次新粒子生成过程,对期间颗粒物数谱分布特征及演变过程进行分析.在重污染事件中3~10nm颗粒物(平均数浓度46cm?3)几乎在大气中消失,而新粒子生成事件中核模态颗粒物数浓度最高达到3.5×104cm?3.这种现象可以通过颗粒物的碰并汇和低挥发性气态前体物的凝结汇从颗粒物的汇和源两个角度进行解释:重污染事件中,3~10nm颗粒物的碰并汇为1.1×10?2~1.2×10?3s?1,显著高于新粒子生成过程(9.9×10?4~1.4×10?4s?1);在新粒子生成过程中,参与成核的低挥发性气态前体物的凝结汇为0.01s?1,显著低于重污染事件(0.13s?1).研究结果表明在分析极端大气环境中的颗粒物数谱分布时,除交通和气象因素外,碰并和凝结过程的影响也需要给予足够的重视.

关键词：颗粒物数谱分布新粒子生成碰并汇凝结汇

新疆塔里木河下游胡杨树高生长量及其空间分布研究

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干旱区资源与环境 2008年第5期22卷 187-191页

作者：玉米提·哈力克柴政罗淑政 Bodo Coenradie birgit Kleinschmit 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院乌鲁木齐830046 新疆维吾尔自治区绿洲生态重点实验室乌鲁木齐830046 德国柏林理工大学景观设计与环境规划研究所柏林10623

以塔里木河下游4个典型断面作为野外调查靶区，根据3a来对塔里木河下游胡杨恢复状况的实地监测数据，分析了影响胡杨树高生长量的因素，并得出中龄段胡杨树高生长量和地下水埋深的回归模型：y=-0．1286x＋1．0097。结果显示：在塔里木... 详细信息

以塔里木河下游4个典型断面作为野外调查靶区，根据3a来对塔里木河下游胡杨恢复状况的实地监测数据，分析了影响胡杨树高生长量的因素，并得出中龄段胡杨树高生长量和地下水埋深的回归模型：y=-0．1286x＋1．0097。结果显示：在塔里木河下游影响胡杨生长的主要因子是地下水，由回归模型可以得出：当地下水埋深〈4．5m时，中龄胡杨树高生长是显著的；地下水埋深在4．5～6．5m时，胡杨树高生长受到抑制；而当地下水埋深〉6．5m时．胡杨树高生长非常缓慢；地下水埋深〉8m时，胡杨树高生长基本停止。此外，聚丛的群生株无论在树高还是在高生长量上都比散生的单生株显现优势。

关键词：塔里木河下游胡杨树高生长量地下水位