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What is a species in fungal plant pathogens?

Fungal Diversity 2021年第4期109卷 239-266页

作者： Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Kevin D.Hyde Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Himashi S.Ferdinandez Dimuthu S.manamgoda Dhanushka Udayanga Indunil S.Herath Kasun m.Thambugala Ishara S.manawasinghe Achala J.Gajanayake binu C.Samarakoon Digvijayini Bundhun Deecksha Gomdola Naruemon Huanraluek Ya-ru Sun Xia Tang Itthayakorn Promputtha marco Thines Innovative Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de PernambucoAv.Prof.Moraes Rego1235Cidade UniversitáriaRecifePE 50670-901Brazil Department of Botany Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka Department of Biosystems Technology Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraPitipanaHomagama 10200Sri Lanka Genetics and molecular Biology Unit Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraGangodawilaNugegodaSri Lanka School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Biological Sciences Institute of EcologyEvolution and DiversityGoethe UniversityMax-von-Laue-Str.1360486 Frankfurt am MainGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany

Scientific names are crucial for communicating knowledge concerning fungi and fungus-like *** plant pathology,they link information regarding biology,host range,distribution and potential risk to agriculture and food *** the past,delimitation among pathogenic taxa was primarily based on morphological *** to distinct species sharing overlapping characteristics,the morphological identification of species is often neither straightforward nor ***,the phylogenetic species concept based on molecular phylogenetic reconstructions gained *** present opinion discusses what a fungal species is and how identification of species in plant pathology has changed over the past *** this context,host-specialization and species complexes are ***,species concepts in plant pathology are examined using case studies from Bipolaris,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Diaporthe,Diplodia,meliola,Plasmopara,rust fungi and *** entry contains a brief introduction to the genus,concepts used in species identification so far and the problems in describing a species followed by *** importance of correctly naming and identifying a species is addressed in the context of recent introductions,and we also discuss whether the introduction of new species in pathogenic genera has been *** also provide guidelines to be considered when introducing a new species in a plant pathogenic genus.

关键词： Dual nomenclature Host-specificity Polyphasic approach Pathology Phylogeny Species delimitation Systematics

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健康与环境:探讨某些相互联系

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国际原子能机构通报 1994年第4期36卷 10-17页

作者： Gopinathan nair Robert m.Parr John Castelino IAEA人体健康处核医学科营养和与健康有关的环境研究科

研究人员正通过IAEA支助的项目研究不断变化的环境条件对人体健康的影响环境方面多种形式的可持续的发展,不只是一种旨在保护脆弱的地球生态系统的概念。对个人来说,这是改善健康状况所必需的。例如,目前世界上的数十亿人,遇到了由工业... 详细信息

研究人员正通过IAEA支助的项目研究不断变化的环境条件对人体健康的影响环境方面多种形式的可持续的发展,不只是一种旨在保护脆弱的地球生态系统的概念。对个人来说,这是改善健康状况所必需的。例如,目前世界上的数十亿人,遇到了由工业空气污染,有毒金属与有毒废物,以及能很快适应不良环境条件的威胁生命的各种寄生虫所引起的健康问题。随着地球的'健康'状况由于执行了可持续的发展政策而得到改善。

关键词：健康环境影响 IAEA计划

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Tunable synthesis solid or hollow Au–Ag nanostructure,assembled with GO and comparative study of their catalytic properties

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Science Bulletin 2016年第19期61卷 1525-1535,1470页

作者：许丽丹洪敏王勇亮李明李海波 madhavan P.N.nair 李晨钟 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Department of Immunology Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University

In this work, we demonstrated a simple and efficacious two-step method for the synthesis of Ag@Au core–shell nanoparticles(Ag@Au NPs) and the Ag/Au hollow nanocages(Ag/Au NCs) with Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs) as seeds by adjusting p H, and the preparation of hybrid Ag@Au NPs- or Ag/Au NCs-graphene oxide nanocomposites(Ag@Au NPs-GO or Ag/Au NCs-GO)based on the self-assembly. It was noticed from the electrostatic assembly experiment that the loading amount of Ag/Au NCs on GO nanosheet was more than that of Ag@Au NPs. The as-synthesized hybrid materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, f-potential, high-angle annular darkfield scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer and X-ray diffraction. Catalytic activities of Ag@Au NPs, Ag/Au NCs and Ag/Au NCs-GO nanostructures were investigated in the reduction of 4-, 3-or 2-nitrophenol to 4-, 3- or 2-aminophenol, and on the basis of comparative kinetic studies the following trend was obtained for the related catalytic activity: Ag/Au NCsGO [ Ag/Au NCs [ Ag@Au NPs. These observations were attributed to the simultaneous effects of surface area available for catalytic reaction and composition of the hybrid nanostructures.

关键词： Bimetallic nanoparticles GO Electrostatic self-assembly Catalytic properties Nitrophenol

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Identification of a Native Novel Oncolytic Immunoglobulin on Exfoliated Colon Epithelial Cells: A Bispecific Heterodimeric Chimera of IgA/IgG*

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Open Journal of Preventive medicine 2020年第6期10卷 126-150页

作者： George P. Albaugh Sudhir K. Dutta Vasantha Iyengar Samina Shami Althaf Lohani Eduardo Sainz George Kessie Prasanna nair Sara Lagerholm Alka Kamra J.-H. Joshua Chen Shilpa Kalavapudi Rakesh Vinayek Robert Shores Laila E. Phillips Ram nair Padmanabhan P. nair Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Centre Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD USA Division of Gastroenterology Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Baltimore MD USA Department of International Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA NonInvasive Technologies LLC Elkridge MD USA Department of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA

Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (SCSR-010 Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, mD), preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% and low levels of apoptosis (8% - 10%) exhibit two distinct cell size subpopulations, in the 2.5 μm - 5.0 μm and 5.0 μm - 8.0 μm range. In addition to IgA, about 60% of the cells expressed a novel heterodimeric IgA/IgG immunoglobulin that conferred a broad-spectrum cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In a cohort of 58 subjects the exclusive absence of this immunoglobulin in two African-Americans was suggestive of a germline deletion. Serial cultures in stem cell medium retained the expression of this heterodimer. Since a majority of the cystic cells expressed the stem cell markers Lgr5 and musashi-1 we termed these cells as gastrointestinal progenitor stem cells (GIP-C**). CXCR-4, the cytokine co-receptor for HIV was markedly expressed. These cells also expressed CD20, IgA, IgG, CD45, and COX-2. We assume that they originated from mature columnar epithelium by dedifferentiation. Our observations indicate that we have a robust noninvasive method to study mucosal pathophysiology and a direct method to create a database for applications in regenerative medicine.

关键词： Colon Epithelial Cells CXCR-4 IgA/IgG Chimeric Immunoglobulin Heterodimer COX-2 LGR-5 musashi-1 Dedifferentiation Cellular Engraftment Oncoly-sis Gastrointestinal Progenitor Stem Cells (GIP-C)

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在均匀半空间上IP测量的电磁耦合效应

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地质与勘探 1981年第10期 54-59页

作者：丁延祚 ,m.Ramachandran nair ,N.Sanyal

接地导线间的电磁耦合引起电阻率随频率变化,因此,不论是在频率域还是在时间域的激发极化测量中,它都是产生假异常的主要来源.对野外所遇到的电磁耦合影响作精确的定量估计,往往是很困难的.然而,在简单情况(例如均匀半空间,或两层大地)... 详细信息

接地导线间的电磁耦合引起电阻率随频率变化,因此,不论是在频率域还是在时间域的激发极化测量中,它都是产生假异常的主要来源.对野外所遇到的电磁耦合影响作精确的定量估计,往往是很困难的.然而,在简单情况(例如均匀半空间,或两层大地)下,对电磁耦合作出的估计将有助于正确解释激发极化异常. 按Sunde的理论,madden和Cantwell曾讨论了在均匀半空间用偶极-偶极和施伦贝尔热(即不等距对称四极)几何排列作频率域测量时的电磁耦合影响.millet计算了

关键词：均匀半空间不等距电极排列电磁电极系偶极排列对称四极三极排列电极距藕合 IP

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

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International Journal of Extreme manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 21-60页

作者： Hao Wang Cheng-Feng Pan Chi Li Kishan S menghrajani markus A Schmidt Aoling Li Fu Fan Yu Zhou Wang Zhang Hongtao Wang Parvathi nair Suseela nair John You En Chan Tomohiro mori Yueqiang Hu Guangwei Hu Stefan A maier Haoran Ren Huigao Duan Joel K W Yang College of mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People's Republic of China Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation Hunan UniversityGuangzhou 511300People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Otto Schott Institute of material Research FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Institute of materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for Science Technology and Research)Singapore 138634Singapore Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama 6496261Japan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore Department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse *** technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily *** glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes,while polymers offer versatility and ease of ***,modern applications often require complex lens assemblies,driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication ***-dimensional(3D)printing,or additive manufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,customized geometries,and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging *** 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale ***-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3D printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid *** offers unprecedented abilities,***-free fabrication,micro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D *** this review,we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices,discuss material properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical *** the first panoramic review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics,promoting a deeper understanding of the *** leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive material range,and true 3D processing,alongside advances in materials,fabrication,and design,we en

关键词： two-photon polymerization lithography 3D printing additive manufacturing imaging optics and nanophotonics

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Attention to Details Reduces Infection Rates in Patients with Continuous Flow Pumps

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2014年第2期4卷 15-22页

作者： Nandini nair Enrique Gongora Basar Sareyyupoglu Ian Collier Sherry Alvarado Aasya Nasar Kenton Zehr Department of Hospital Pharmacy Scott and White Hospital Texas A & M HSC College of Medicine Temple USA Division of Cardiology Scott & White Healthcare Texas A & M HSC College of Medicine Temple USA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Scott & White Healthcare Texas A & M HSC College of Medicine Temple USA

The increased use of mechanical circulatory support has led to a rise in infectious complications in the recent years predisposing this population of patients to higher morbidity and mortality. In this study, we report a significantly lower rate of driveline infections of 0.12 episodes/patient-year as compared to the rates reported in the existing literature in patients with the HmII (Heartmate II). The study is limited by the fact that it is based on a small population of patients and was conducted retrospectively making recall bias hard to rule out. It is strictly restricted to one type of continuous flow pump (HmII) solely to decrease variations in the data reviewed. The exact cause of the low infection rate noted in this study is difficult to define. However, detailed teaching to the caregivers and the patient as well as close follow-ups in the perioperative period may substantially contribute to the outcome noted. Continued research limited to similar continuous flow ventricular assist devices in larger study populations would shed light on defining causes of infections in this population and developing robust algorithms to prevent such complications.

关键词： Driveline Infections Continuous Flow Pumps

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Residential smoking restrictions are not associated with reduced child SHS exposure in a baseline sample of low-income, urban African Americans

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Health 2010年第11期2卷 1264-1271页

作者： Bradley N. Collins Jennifer K. Ibrahim melbourne Hovell Natalie m. Tolley Uma S. nair Karen Jaffe David Zanis Janet Audrain-mcGovern Temple University Department of Public Health Philadelphia USA.

Second hand smoke exposure (SHSe) relates to many chronic and acute illnesses. Low income African American (AA) maternal smokers and their children have disproportionately higher tobacco-use and child SHSe-related morbidity and mortality than other populations. While public health officials promote residential smoking restrictions to reduce SHSe and promote smoking cessation, little is known about the impact of restrictions in changing smoking behavior and SHSe in this population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine associations between residential smoking restrictions, maternal smoking, and young children’s SHSe in the context of other factors known to influence low income AA mothers’ smoking behavior. For this study, we used cross-sectional, baseline data from 307 AA maternal smokers’ pre-treatment interviews completed as part of a subsequent behavioral counseling trial to reduce their young (moking restriction was dichotomized as 0 = no restrictions and 1 = some restrictions. Child urine cotinine provided a biomarker of SHSe. mothers reported cigarettes/day smoked, cigarettes/day exposed to child, and intention to quit. multivariate regressions modeled effects of restriction as the primary predictor of smoking and exposure outcomes. maternal smoking patterns such as cigarettes per day (β = 0.52, p moked (β = ?0.11;p = 0.03) along with presence of additional smokers in the home (β = 0.10;p = 0.04), but not residential restriction (β = ?0.09, p = 0.10), predicted reported SHSe. Restriction did not relate to baby cotinine or maternal intention to quit. Thus, residential smoking restrictions may contribute to efforts to reduce children’s SHSe and promote maternal smoking change;but alone, may not constitute a sufficient intervention to protect children. multi-level intervention approaches that include SHSe-reduction residential smoking policies plus support and cessation assistance for smoker

关键词： Home Smoking Policy Second Hand Smoke Underserved Populations

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用就地生成的过乙酸环氧化液体天然橡胶

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橡胶参考资料 1998年第6期28卷 12-17页

作者： G.V.Thmas m.R.G.nair 原青

由天然橡胶(NR)解聚所得到的液体天然橡胶(LNR),通过化学改性可提高使用性能。其中,较有意义的一种改性方法是环氧化法,以此可制成满足各种不同使用要求的产品,如网络键合防老剂、聚合型添加剂、特种粘合剂及交联剂等。环氧化液体天然... 详细信息

由天然橡胶(NR)解聚所得到的液体天然橡胶(LNR),通过化学改性可提高使用性能。其中,较有意义的一种改性方法是环氧化法,以此可制成满足各种不同使用要求的产品,如网络键合防老剂、聚合型添加剂、特种粘合剂及交联剂等。环氧化液体天然橡胶还有其它优点,如加工过程中易混入,能耗小等。改性 NR

关键词：橡胶天然橡胶液体橡胶过乙酸环氧化

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Does Cyclosporine Down Regulate IL-17 in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy?

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2013年第1期3卷 1-4页

作者： Nandini nair Luciano Potena Sandeep Kumar Sudhiranjan Gupta Enrique Gongora Federica Angeli Paolo Romani Central Texas VA Health Care System/Texas A&m Health Science Center College of medicine Temple USA Department of Cardiology Scott & White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Temple USA Department of Cardiology University of Bologna Bologna Italy Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hahnemann University Hospital/Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia USA

Background: Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV) is characterized by vascular inflammation and intimal proliferation which results in luminal stenosis and myocardial infarction. During vascular inflammation elaboration of several cytokines and differential expression of growth factors have been noted. CAV remains the major threat to long-term graft survival. CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets play a significant role in the development of transplant rejection. Chronic transplant rejection often leads to development of CAV. A new CD4 effector cell subset that produces IL-17 (Th17) has been shown to be up-regulated in the murine system in the setting of CAV. This study assesses the level of IL-17 in cardiac transplant patients with and without CAV as compared to nontransplanted controls. methods: Levels of IL-17, IL-6, mCP-1 were measured by ELISA in plasma of four nontransplanted controls, nine cardiac allograft recipients with CAV (HT-GVD) and eight post transplant subjects without a diagnosis of CAV (HT-No GVD). All post transplant patients were immune suppressed with cyclosporine. HT-GVD patients were 1-15 years post transplant while HT-No GVD subjects were 1 - 10 years post transplant. Results: IL-17, mCP-1 and IL-6 were significantly down regulated in HT-GVD subjects compared to the HT-No GVD subjects (p 0.001) but not significant between controls and HT-No GVD (p = ns). Conclusions: A decrease in IL-17 in HT-GVD subjects as compared to HT-No GVD in the presence of cyclosporine treatment could be a consequence of down regulation of IL-6. It is likely that cyclosporine differentially regulates pro inflammatory molecules in the setting of graft vascular disease.

关键词： Allograft CD4 and CD8 T-Cells Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy IL-17 Luminal Stenosis

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